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SSL VPN 无客户端模式

  • 基于浏览器实现,所有内容都承载到浏览器上。
  • 访问ASA身后网络,采用与身后网络相连接口地址。

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  1. webvpn
  2. enable inside
  3. username ccie password ccie encrypted privilege 15

默认配置

  1. tunnel-group DefaultWEBVPNGroup type remote-access
  2. tunnel-group DefaultWEBVPNGroup general-attributes
  3. no address-pool
  4. no ipv6-address-pool
  5. authentication-server-group LOCAL
  6. secondary-authentication-server-group none
  7. no accounting-server-group
  8. default-group-policy DfltGrpPolicy
  9. no dhcp-server
  10. no strip-realm
  11. no nat-assigned-to-public-ip
  12. no scep-enrollment enable
  13. no password-management
  14. no strip-group
  15. no authorization-required
  16. username-from-certificate CN OU
  17. secondary-username-from-certificate CN OU
  18. authentication-attr-from-server primary
  19. authenticated-session-username primary
  20. tunnel-group DefaultWEBVPNGroup webvpn-attributes
  21. customization DfltCustomization
  22. authentication aaa
  23. no override-svc-download
  24. no radius-reject-message
  25. no proxy-auth sdi
  26. no pre-fill-username ssl-client
  27. no pre-fill-username clientless
  28. no secondary-pre-fill-username ssl-client
  29. no secondary-pre-fill-username clientless
  30. dns-group DefaultDNS
  31. no without-csd
  32. ciscoasa/sec/act# show run all group-policy
  33. group-policy DfltGrpPolicy internal
  34. group-policy DfltGrpPolicy attributes
  35. banner none
  36. wins-server none
  37. dns-server none
  38. dhcp-network-scope none
  39. vpn-access-hours none
  40. vpn-simultaneous-logins 3
  41. vpn-idle-timeout 30
  42. vpn-idle-timeout alert-interval 1
  43. vpn-session-timeout none
  44. vpn-session-timeout alert-interval 1
  45. vpn-filter none
  46. ipv6-vpn-filter none
  47. vpn-tunnel-protocol ikev1 ikev2 l2tp-ipsec ssl-clientless
  48. password-storage disable
  49. ip-comp disable
  50. re-xauth disable
  51. group-lock none
  52. pfs disable
  53. ipsec-udp disable
  54. ipsec-udp-port 10000
  55. split-tunnel-policy tunnelall
  56. ipv6-split-tunnel-policy tunnelall
  57. split-tunnel-network-list none
  58. default-domain none
  59. split-dns none
  60. split-tunnel-all-dns disable
  61. intercept-dhcp 255.255.255.255 disable
  62. secure-unit-authentication disable
  63. user-authentication disable
  64. user-authentication-idle-timeout 30
  65. ip-phone-bypass disable
  66. client-bypass-protocol disable
  67. gateway-fqdn none
  68. leap-bypass disable
  69. nem disable
  70. backup-servers keep-client-config
  71. msie-proxy server none
  72. msie-proxy method no-modify
  73. msie-proxy except-list none
  74. msie-proxy local-bypass disable
  75. msie-proxy pac-url none
  76. msie-proxy lockdown enable
  77. vlan none
  78. address-pools none
  79. ipv6-address-pools none
  80. smartcard-removal-disconnect enable
  81. scep-forwarding-url none
  82. security-group-tag none
  83. periodic-authentication certificate none
  84. client-firewall none
  85. client-access-rule none
  86. webvpn
  87. url-list none
  88. filter none
  89. homepage none
  90. html-content-filter none
  91. port-forward name Application Access
  92. port-forward disable
  93. http-proxy disable
  94. anyconnect ssl dtls enable
  95. anyconnect mtu 1406
  96. anyconnect firewall-rule client-interface private none
  97. anyconnect firewall-rule client-interface public none
  98. anyconnect keep-installer installed
  99. anyconnect ssl keepalive 20
  100. anyconnect ssl rekey time none
  101. anyconnect ssl rekey method none
  102. anyconnect dpd-interval client 30
  103. anyconnect dpd-interval gateway 30
  104. anyconnect ssl compression none
  105. anyconnect dtls compression none
  106. anyconnect modules none
  107. anyconnect profiles none
  108. anyconnect ask none
  109. customization none
  110. keep-alive-ignore 4
  111. http-comp gzip
  112. download-max-size 2147483647
  113. upload-max-size 2147483647
  114. post-max-size 2147483647
  115. user-storage none
  116. storage-objects value cookies,credentials
  117. storage-key none
  118. hidden-shares none
  119. smart-tunnel disable
  120. activex-relay enable
  121. unix-auth-uid 65534
  122. unix-auth-gid 65534
  123. file-entry enable
  124. file-browsing enable
  125. url-entry enable
  126. deny-message value Login was successful, but because certain criteria have not been met or due to some specific group policy, you do not have permission to use any of the VPN features. Contact your IT administrator for more information
  127. smart-tunnel auto-signon disable
  128. anyconnect ssl df-bit-ignore disable
  129. anyconnect routing-filtering-ignore disable
  130. smart-tunnel tunnel-policy tunnelall
  131. always-on-vpn profile-setting

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错误原因总结

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  • ASA 没有对应路由,找不到对应设备,检查路由。
  • ASA 有对应路由,但是该设备不提供访问,检查对端设备是否开放对应服务。

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  • 要求提供15等级账号,账号错误或者等级不够。
  • 需要配置认证方式,本地、aaa、域等方式。

SSL

  • SSL 位于传输层之上,应用层之下
  • 提供私密性,完整性,身份验证机制

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SSL VPN 三种工作模式

Clientless Mode

  • 无客户端模式
  • 提供安全的web资源和基于WEB内容访问
  • 提供CIFS提供远程文件共享
  • 受限于Web平台可提供的能力

Thin Client Mode

  • 瘦客户端模式,也称为端口转发
  • 提供客户端TCP服务的远程访问
    • POP3
    • SMTP
    • IMAP
    • Telnet
    • SSH
  • 瘦客户端是在SSLVPN会话建立的通过java程序方式进行下载
  • 增强了网页浏览器的加密功能
  • PF支持所有单一信道,客户服务器模型的TCP运用

Thick Client Mode

  • 厚客户端模式,也叫做Tunnel Mode、Full Tunnel
  • 提供更广的应用程序支持,支持所有使用IP协议的应用
  • Cisco 提供Cisco anyconnect VPN 软件进行拨号,使用TCP 443端口号