堆简介
- 堆是一个特殊的完全二叉树
- 所有的节点都大于(最大堆)或 小于等于(最小堆)它的子节点
- js中通常用数组表示堆
堆表示法和堆特点
- js中通常用数组表示堆
- 左侧子节点的位置(下标)是 2 * index + 1
- 右侧子节点的位置(下标)是 2 * index + 2
- 父节点的位置(下标)是 (index -1)/2
堆的应用
js 实现最小堆类
- 在类里,声明一个数组,用来装元素
-
插入
将值插入堆的底部,即数组的尾部
- 然后上移: 将这个值和它的父节点进行交换,直到父节点小于等于这个插入的值
-
删除堆顶
用数组尾部元素替换堆顶(直接删除堆顶会破坏堆结构)
- 然后下移:将新的堆顶和它的子节点交换,直到子节点大于等于这个新的堆顶
-
获取堆顶和堆的大小
获取堆顶: 返回数组的头部
- 获取堆的大小: 返回数组的长度
class MinHeap { constructor() { this.heap = []; } swap(i1, i2) { const temp = this.heap[i1]; this.heap[i1] = this.heap[i2]; this.heap[i2] = temp; } getLeftIndex(index) { return index 2 + 1; } getRightIndex(index) { return index 2 + 2; } getParentIndex(index) { // Math.floor((index -1) / 2); return (index - 1) >> 1; } _shiftUp(index) { if (index === 0) return; const parentIndex = this.getParentIndex(index); if (this.heap[parentIndex] > this.heap[index]) { this.swap(parentIndex, index); // 上移完成索引 已经是父节点索引了 this._shiftUp(parentIndex); } } //下移操作 _shiftDown(index) { const leftIndex = this.getLeftIndex(index); const rightIndex = this.getRightIndex(index); if (this.heap[leftIndex] < this.heap[index]) { this.swap(index, leftIndex); this._shiftDown(leftIndex); } if (this.heap[rightIndex] < this.heap[index]) { this.swap(index, rightIndex); this._shiftDown(rightIndex); } } insert(value) { this.heap.push(value); this._shiftUp(this.heap.length - 1); } pop() { this.heap[0] = this.heap.pop(); this._shiftDown(0); } get peek() { return this.heap[0]; } get size() { return this.heap?.length; } } const h = new MinHeap(); h.insert(7); h.insert(10); h.insert(2); h.pop(); console.log(h.size, “heap”); 复制代码
leetcode-cn.com 算法题实战
完整题目请打开 leetcode
215. 数组中的第K个最大元素
解题思路
- 看到“第k个最大元素”
- 考虑选择使用最小堆
- 构建一个最小堆,并依次把数组的值插入堆中
- 当堆的容量超过k,就删除堆顶
- 插入结束后,堆顶就是第k个最大元素
class MinHeap { constructor() { this.heap = []; } swap(i1, i2) { const temp = this.heap[i1]; this.heap[i1] = this.heap[i2]; this.heap[i2] = temp; } getLeftIndex(index) { return index 2 + 1; } getRightIndex(index) { return index 2 + 2; } getParentIndex(index) { // Math.floor((index -1) / 2); return (index - 1) >> 1; } _shiftUp(index) { if (index === 0) return; const parentIndex = this.getParentIndex(index); if (this.heap[parentIndex] > this.heap[index]) { this.swap(parentIndex, index); // 上移完成索引 已经是父节点索引了 this._shiftUp(parentIndex); } } //下移操作 _shiftDown(index) { const leftIndex = this.getLeftIndex(index); const rightIndex = this.getRightIndex(index); if (this.heap[leftIndex] < this.heap[index]) { this.swap(index, leftIndex); this._shiftDown(leftIndex); } if (this.heap[rightIndex] < this.heap[index]) { this.swap(index, rightIndex); this._shiftDown(rightIndex); } } insert(value) { this.heap.push(value); this._shiftUp(this.heap.length - 1); } pop() { this.heap[0] = this.heap.pop(); this._shiftDown(0); } get peek() { return this.heap[0]; } get size() { return this.heap?.length; } } /* @param {number[]} nums @param {number} k @return {number} */ var findKthLargest = function(nums, k) { const h = new MinHeap(); nums.forEach(n => { h.insert(n); if(h.size > k) { h.pop(); } }) return h.peek; }; 复制代码
347. 前 K 个高频元素
class MinHeap { constructor() { this.heap = []; } swap(i1, i2) { const temp = this.heap[i1]; this.heap[i1] = this.heap[i2]; this.heap[i2] = temp; } getLeftIndex(index) { return index 2 + 1; } getRightIndex(index) { return index 2 + 2; } getParentIndex(index) { // Math.floor((index -1) / 2); return (index - 1) >> 1; } _shiftUp(index) { if (index === 0) return; const parentIndex = this.getParentIndex(index); if (this.heap[parentIndex] && this.heap[parentIndex].value > this.heap[index].value) { this.swap(parentIndex, index); // 上移完成索引 已经是父节点索引了 this._shiftUp(parentIndex); } } //下移操作 _shiftDown(index) { const leftIndex = this.getLeftIndex(index); const rightIndex = this.getRightIndex(index); if (this.heap[leftIndex] && this.heap[leftIndex].value < this.heap[index].value) { this.swap(index, leftIndex); this._shiftDown(leftIndex); } if (this.heap[rightIndex] && this.heap[rightIndex].value < this.heap[index].value) { this.swap(index, rightIndex); this._shiftDown(rightIndex); } } insert(value) { this.heap.push(value); this._shiftUp(this.heap.length - 1); } pop() { this.heap[0] = this.heap.pop(); this._shiftDown(0); } get peek() { return this.heap[0]; } get size() { return this.heap?.length; } } /* @param {number[]} nums @param {number} k @return {number[]} */ var topKFrequent = function(nums, k) { const map = new Map(); nums?.forEach(n => { map.set(n, map.has(n) ? map.get(n) + 1 : 1) }) const h = new MinHeap(); map.forEach((value,key) => { h.insert({value, key}); if(h.size > k) { h.pop(); } }) return h.heap.map(a => a.key); };
作者:韦林
链接:https://juejin.cn/post/7023040924993191966
来源:稀土掘金
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