文档说明

本文档主要收录了两套设计师的可用综合方法，包括N/N group提供的用户研究方法一览与DELFT的设计指南。这些方法都不限于数字产品的设计，可以被广泛运用于各类产品、服务的设计过程中。

Methods overview by N/N Group

https://www.nngroup.com/articles/ux-research-cheat-sheet/

以下内容摘自DELFT设计指南。

调研-Creating a design goal

Overview of methods

Discover:
Interviews, questionnaires, diaries, notes, audio, video, photographs, probes, ethnography, contextual enquiry.
Define:
Requirements (functional, data, environmental).
Analysis of activities: flow analysis, error analysis, cognitive task analysis, hierarchical task analysis.
Developing good task descriptions: rules.
Validating the tasks.
Deciding which tasks to include.
Secondary research (inform vs. compare).
Representing findings: make insights actionable (write down questions), experiment with visual representations (journey map, venn diagram, two-by-two, relationship map), create empathy map, describe scenarios.
Persona: collect data, segment the users, create the persona. (identify behavioural variables, map interview subjects to behavioral variables, identify significant behavior pattern, synthesize characteristics and relevant goals, check for completeness and redundancy, expand description of attributes and behaviors, designate persona types
From DELFT:
Strategy Wheel
Trends Analysis
Cradle to Cradle (#Sustainability #Product life cycle)
EcoDesign Checklist (#Sustainability #Environmental profile #Product life cycle)
EcoDesign Stratey Wheel
Collage Techniques (#Visualisation #Mood board #Image board #Form characteristics #Context analysis)
Process Tree (#Requirements #Product life cycle)
WWWWWH (Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How)
Problem Definition (#Design goal #Fields of tension)
Checklist for Generating Requirements (#Requirements #Criteria)
Design Specifications (#Criteria)
Design Vision (#Subjective)

Strategy Wheel

Strategic strengths
#Competitor analysis
#Marketing
A clear understanding of the company’s strategic strengths in relation to its direct competitors.

How to:

Trends analysis

Structuring
#Trends pyramid
#PESTED
#Marketing
With a trends analysis you can identify new business opportunities or new product ideas. You can also use it to identify preferences of the target group.

How to:

Problem definition

设计-Creating product ideas and concepts

Overview of methods

Sketch: ideate…
Techniques: reduce to essentials, wireframes, elements
Storyboard: develop a story

Prototyping: Paper mockups… physical mockups…video mockups… digital mockups…

From Delft:
Creativity Techniques
How To’s (#Problem formulation #Creative #Solution finding)
Mind Map (#Creative #Association #Inventorying)
The Brainstorming Method
Synectics
Function Analysis
Morphological Chart
Roleplaying
Storyboard
Written Scenario
Checklist for Concept Generation
Design Drawing
Three-dimensional Models
Biomimicry
Contextmapping

Creativity techniques

Inventorying techniques
Associative Techniques
Confrontational Techniques
Provocative Techniques
Intuitive Techniques
Analytic-Systematic Techniques

Synectics

Morphological chart

Contextmapping

决策-Decision and selection

Overview of methods

From Delft:
C-Box
Itemised Response and PMI (plus, minus, interesting)
vALUe (advantage, limitation, uniqueness)
Harris Profile
Datum Method
Weighted Objectives Method

C-Box

To generate an overview from a multitude of early ideas.
A 2 × 2 matrix, with two axes representing criteria according to which the ideas are evaluated.
Example: innovativeness - feasibility; attractiveness - functionality.
Usage scenario: early idea generation (e.g. 40+ ideas).
a brainstorm workshop - to judge the numerous ideas;
when you are eager to drop highly innovative ideas;
a first cluster activity of early ideas.

Itemised Response and PMI

Itemised Response: To judge ideas quickly and intuitively.
To evaluate and work out a moderately large selection of ideas.
PMI: Plus, Minus, Interesting.
Together: to select ideas for concept developments.
A limited number of ideas, resulting from the stage of idea generation (not more than 10).

vALEu

To evaluate a large set of early design ideas in a quick and systematic way.
Advantage, Limitation, Unique Elements
a large number of early ideas or principal solutions (20 or 50 or more).

Harris Profile

A graphic representation of the strengths and weaknesses of design concepts.
To compare alternatives for a product (in some stage of development). Criteria that are applicable to the alternatives on the specific level of development.

Example:

Datum method

Evaluation of design alternatives.
Choose one of the listed concepts as ‘datum’, and compare other concepts to this datum with certain criteria. (+ = better than datum, - = worse than datum, s = similar/same)

Weighted Objectives Method

An evaluation method for comparing design concepts based on an overall value per design concept.

Select the criteria.
Choose 3 to 5 concepts for selection.
Assign weights to the criteria. (Rank each of the weights on a scale from 1 to 5…)
Constuct a matrix with the criteria in rows and the concepts in columns.

评估-Evaluation of product features

Overview of methods

Evaluating: usability evaluation (learnability/discoverability, efficiency, memorability, errors, satisfaction).
Testing method: analytical (theory, modeling, guidelines); empirical (observations, surveys)

Heuristic evaluation:

Delft:
Product Simulation and Testing
Product Concept Evaluation
Product Usibility Evaluation

Product Simulation and Testing

Model

Material model; symbolic model.
Type of simulation:

• structure models
• iconic models

• mathematical models

  Simulation

  Failure models and effects analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis
  Experiments with prototypes (material models)
  Finite element method (FEM)
  Scaling up to mass production
  Logistics and quality analysis
  Design for assembly (DfA)
  Value analysis
  Ergonomic simulation
  Busisness-economic simulation
  Social and ethical simulation
  Simulation of environmental effects

  Product concept evaluation

  Aimed at selecting or optimising product concepts on the basis of the preferences of the user group and other stakeholders.
  Concept Screening: selecting worthwhile product concepts. (by experts, often in the beginning)
  Concept Optimization: determining which aspects of product ideas and concepts need further improvement. (often in the end of the design process)
  Product Concept Evaluations: validating important design decisions. (between two or three product concepts) (sometimes can involve user groups)
  types of product concept that can be used in product concept evaluation:

• textual concept

• pictographic concept
• animation
• mock-ups

Selection of respondents:
sociocultural characteristics, demographical characteristics, level of knowledge of the product category, psychological aspects such as tolerance and innovativeness.
Types of evaluation:
individual interview, focus group…
How to?

Product usability test

validate the product-user interaction
Setting up a usability test involves carefully creating a scenario of use tasks, or a realistic situation, in
which the person performs a list of tasks using the product being tested while observers watch and
take notes. Several other test instruments such as scripted instructions, paper prototypes, and preand
post-test questionnaires can be used to gather feedback on the product being tested. The aim is to
observe how people function in a realistic manner, so that you can see problem areas, and what people
like. It is important to set up usability evaluations systematically, and to approach the evaluations as
formal research projects.
Elements:
the product,
the respondent,
the test setting
and the type of evaluation.

常用用户研究与分析方法by 腾讯CDC

（来源于腾讯CDC《2017银行用户体验大调研报告》）

A comprehensive list of UX design methods & deliverables

The most common tool, methods, processes, and deliverables that designers use throughout the digital product design process.
https://uxdesign.cc/a-comprehensive-list-of-ux-design-methods-deliverables-2021-2feb3e70e168