Ubuntu 安装 Arch

安装 pacman

apt install pacman -y

下载镜像

• 到 archlinux.org 下载镜像

  curl https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/iso/2021.08.01/archlinux-bootstrap-2021.08.01-x86_64.tar.gz -o /tmp/archlinux-bootstrap-2021.08.01-x86_64.tar.gz

• 测试 MD5 值

  md5sum -c <<<"9cedcaf056b415e0b33bc5aaf28d3c36 /tmp/archlinux-bootstrap-2021.08.01-x86_64.tar.gz"

  创建 chroot

• 解压文件，解压过程中产生的信息不用理会

  tar xzf archlinux-bootstrap-2021.08.01-x86_64.tar.gz

• 选择服务器，修改 /tmp/root.x86_64/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

• 进入chroot

  mount --bind /tmp/root.x86_64 /tmp/root.x86_64
  cd /tmp/root.x86_64
  cp /etc/resolv.conf etc
  mount -t proc /proc proc
  mount --make-rslave --rbind /sys sys
  mount --make-rslave --rbind /dev dev
  mount --make-rslave --rbind /run run    # (assuming /run exists on the system)
  chroot /tmp/root.x86_64 /bin/bash

  使用 chroot 环境

  初始化 pacman keyring

  pacman-key --init
  pacman-key --populate archlinux

  下载基本工具

• 刷新安装包列表

  pacman -Syyu

  此过程出错请仔细检查上一步「创建 chroot」是否出错。

• 安装

  pacman -S base-devel parted

  磁盘分区

• 查看分区

  fdisk -l

  部分输出：

  Device       Start       End   Sectors   Size Type
  /dev/sda1     2048   1050623   1048576   512M EFI System
  /dev/sda2  1050624   3147775   2097152     1G Linux filesystem
  /dev/sda3  3147776 250066943 246919168 117.7G Linux filesystem

• 挂载分区

  mount /dev/sda3 /mnt

  mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot

  /mnt/boot 不存在需要先创建目录

  安装必要包

  pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware iproute2

  配置系统

  Fstab

  genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

  Chroot

  arch-chroot /mnt

  Time zone

  ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

  hwclock --systohc

  Localization

• 编辑 /etc/locale.gen ，注释掉 en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 ，执行下面的命令生成 locales

  locale-gen

• 创建 locale.conf

  vim /etc/locale.conf
  LANG=en_US.UTF-8

• 设置键盘布局

  vim /etc/vconsole.conf
  KEYMAP=us

  网络配置

• 创建 hostname 文件

  vim /etc/hostname
  arch

• 添加下列 hosts

  vim /etc/hosts
  127.0.0.1       localhost
  ::1             localhost
  127.0.1.1       arch.localdomain arch

• 安装 DHCP

  pacman -S dhcpcd

  systemctl enable dhcpcd

  root 密码

  passwd

  Boot loader

  Microcode

• 安装对应CPU包

  pacman -S intel-ucode # or amd-ucode

  EFISTUB

  efibootmgr --disk /dev/sda --part 1  --create --label "Arch Linux" --loader /vmlinuz-linux --unicode 'root=PARTUUID=a66c2efc-be9f-4a1c-af1a-ef0d655c147b rw initrd=\intel-ucode.img initrd=\initramfs-linux.img' --verbose

  如果有N卡需要禁用，在引号内添加

  nouveau.modeset=0

  efibootmgr —disk /dev/sdX —part Y —create —label “Arch Linux” —loader /vmlinuz-linux —unicode ‘root=PARTUUID=XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX rw initrd=\initramfs-linux.img’ —verbose

  Where _/dev/sdX_ and _Y_ are the drive and partition number where the ESP is located. Change the root= and resume= parameters to reflect your Linux root and swap partitions, see kernel parameters for supported device name formats, and persistent block device naming for how to obtain the corresponding value. If omitted, then the first partition on _/dev/sda_ is used as the ESP. Note that the -u/--unicode argument in quotes is just the list of kernel parameters, so you may need to add additional parameters (e.g. for suspend to disk or microcode).

• 查看引导顺序

  efibootmgr --verbose

  重启

• 退出 chroot 环境，重启电脑

  exit
  reboot

  更改网卡名

  查看网卡 MAC 地址

  ip a

  添加规则

  vim /etc/udev/rules.d/10-local.rules

  SUBSYSTEM=="net", ATTR{address}=="05:a1:d8:cb:c5:18", NAME:="eth0"

  使配置生效

  udevadm control --reload

  配置固定IP

  vim /etc/dhcpcd.conf

  interface eth0
  static ip_address=192.168.1.114/24
  static routers=192.168.1.1
  static domain_name_servers=8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

  临时网络配置

  IP 地址

  ip address show

  选择列出的网卡，为其添加 IP 地址。

  ip address add 192.168.1.113/24 broadcast + dev enp1s0

  路由表

  查看路由

  ip route show

  添加路由

  ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 dev enp1s0

  设置仓库

  添加Arch Linux中文社区驱动的非官方用户仓库。包含中文用户常用软件、工具、字体/美化包等。
  使用方法：在 /etc/pacman.conf 文件末尾添加以下两行：

  sudo vim /etc/pacman.conf

  [archlinuxcn]
  Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch

  安装 archlinuxcn-keyring 包导入 GPG key。

  sudo pacman -Sy
  sudo pacman -S archlinuxcn-keyring

  软件安装

  基本工具

  pacman -S git base-devel

  oh my zsh

  pacman-S zsh
  sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
  git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
  git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

  配置 ~/.zshrc

  plugins=(
    zsh-syntax-highlighting
    zsh-autosuggestions
    git
    extract
    autojump
  )

  WSL

  WSL是不支持Systemd的，但可以通过genie实现

  vim PKGBUILD

  ```shell

  Maintainer: Arley Henostroza

  Contibutor: facekapow

pkgname=genie-systemd _pkgname=genie pkgver=1.28 pkgrel=1 pkgdesc=”A quick way into a systemd \”bottle\” for WSL” arch=(‘x86_64’) url=”https://github.com/arkane-systems/genie“ license=(‘custom:The Unlicense’) depends=(‘daemonize’ ‘dotnet-runtime>=3.1’ ‘dotnet-host>=3.1’ ‘inetutils’) makedepends=(‘dotnet-sdk>=3.1’) conflicts=(‘genie-systemd’) provides=(‘genie-systemd’) source=(“${url}/archive/${pkgver}.tar.gz”) sha256sums=(‘688253faad5e3c40c9277dac00a481f48bc5ed62cf2bc82c2c1234d92604ea96’)

prepare() { tar -xzf ${pkgver}.tar.gz }

package() { export DOTNET_CLI_TELEMETRY_OPTOUT=1 export DOTNET_SKIP_FIRST_TIME_EXPERIENCE=true ls -alh cd genie-${pkgver}/genie export DESTDIR=$pkgdir make build make install mkdir -p ${pkgdir}/usr/bin chmod +x ${pkgdir}/usr/libexec/genie ln -s /usr/libexec/genie/main/genie ${pkgdir}/usr/bin/genie }

```shell
yay -S daemonize
makepkg -si # 处理依赖并安装

参考

• Arch Linux WSL2 配置记录
• https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Installation_guide