使用uptimed命令监视Linux系统正常运行时间

Linux

安装uptimed工具

目前主流的 Linux 发行版的官方存软件库中已经提供了 uptimed 。
在 Arch Linux 上安装：

$ sudo pacman -S uptimed

在 Debian，Ubuntu，Linux Mint 上安装：

$ sudo apt-get install uptimed

在 Ubuntu 及其衍生版本上安装前请确保添加了 universe 存储库，没有的话请运行以下命令添加：

$ sudo add-apt-repository universe

在 Fedora 上安装：

$ sudo dnf install uptimed

在 CentOS 7 上安装：
因为 CentOS 7 的默认存储库中没有 uptimed，所以要先添加 EPEL 存储库：

$ sudo yum install epel-release

然后运行以下命令安装：

$ sudo yum install uptimed

手动安装：
对于其他 Linux 系统，或者上述方法安装失败的，可以从发行版页面下载源码，然后手动编译安装：

# wget https://github.com/rpodgorny/uptimed/archive/v0.4.2.zip -O uptimed.zip
# unzip uptimed.zip
# cd uptimed-0.4.2/
# ./configure
# make
# make install

安装完成后，启用并启动服务：

# systemctl enable uptimed
# systemctl start uptimed

检查服务的启动状态：

# systemctl status uptimed
● uptimed.service - Uptime record tracking daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/uptimed.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-02-11 14:21:12 IST; 1s ago
     Docs: man:uptimed(8)
           man:uprecords(1)
 Main PID: 1435 (uptimed)
   Status: "Next milestone (five days) at Sun Feb 16 14:13:59 2020"
   CGroup: /system.slice/uptimed.service
           └─1435 /usr/sbin/uptimed -f
Feb 11 14:21:12 server.ostechnix.local systemd[1]: Starting Uptime record tracking daemon...
Feb 11 14:21:12 server.ostechnix.local systemd[1]: Started Uptime record tracking daemon.

这样，前期的安装工作就算完成了。

使用uptimed工具

安装完成 uptimed 工具之后，运行 uprecords 命令就能显示系统运行时间的历史摘要了：

# uprecords

输出的摘要结果：

    #               Uptime | System                                     Boot up
----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------
     1     0 days, 02:35:51 | Linux 3.10.0-1062.1.1.el  Tue Feb 11 14:22:33 2020
     2     0 days, 00:07:27 | Linux 3.10.0-1062.1.1.el  Tue Feb 11 14:13:59 2020
->   3     0 days, 00:02:11 | Linux 3.10.0-1062.1.1.el  Tue Feb 11 17:02:29 2020
----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------
1up in     0 days, 00:05:17 | at                        Tue Feb 11 17:09:56 2020
no1 in     0 days, 02:33:41 | at                        Tue Feb 11 19:38:20 2020
    up     0 days, 02:45:29 | since                     Tue Feb 11 14:13:59 2020
  down     0 days, 00:05:12 | since                     Tue Feb 11 14:13:59 2020
   %up               96.953 | since                     Tue Feb 11 14:13:59 2020

这里的 -> 符号表示定位到了系统最近的一次启动时间。

使用 -b 按启动时间正序输出：

# uprecords -b
     #               Uptime | System                                     Boot up
----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------
     1     0 days, 00:07:27 | Linux 3.10.0-1062.1.1.el  Tue Feb 11 14:13:59 2020
     2     0 days, 02:35:51 | Linux 3.10.0-1062.1.1.el  Tue Feb 11 14:22:33 2020
->   3     0 days, 00:30:14 | Linux 3.10.0-1062.1.1.el  Tue Feb 11 17:02:29 2020

使用 -B 按启动时间倒序输出：

# uprecords -B
     #               Uptime | System                                     Boot up
----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------
->   1     0 days, 00:14:51 | Linux 3.10.0-1062.1.1.el  Tue Feb 11 17:02:29 2020
     2     0 days, 02:35:51 | Linux 3.10.0-1062.1.1.el  Tue Feb 11 14:22:33 2020
     3     0 days, 00:07:27 | Linux 3.10.0-1062.1.1.el  Tue Feb 11 14:13:59 2020

使用 -m 自定义输出记录数：

不加参数的话结果默认输出前 10 条记录，想要输出前 20 条记录，请运行：

# uprecords -m 20

使用 -w 输出完整信息：

上面的结果中关于 Linux 的内核信息是被省略了部分内容的，想要输出完整的内核信息请用 -w 进行宽输出：

# uprecords -w
     #               Uptime | System                                     Boot up
----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------
     1     0 days, 02:35:51 | Linux 3.10.0-1062.1.1.el7.x86_64  Tue Feb 11 14:22:33 2020
->   2     0 days, 00:16:35 | Linux 3.10.0-1062.1.1.el7.x86_64  Tue Feb 11 17:02:29 2020
     3     0 days, 00:07:27 | Linux 3.10.0-1062.1.1.el7.x86_64  Tue Feb 11 14:13:59 2020
----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------
no1 in     0 days, 02:19:17 | at                        Tue Feb 11 19:38:21 2020
    up     0 days, 02:59:53 | since                     Tue Feb 11 14:13:59 2020
  down     0 days, 00:05:12 | since                     Tue Feb 11 14:13:59 2020
   %up               97.190 | since                     Tue Feb 11 14:13:59 2020

使用 -d 显示关机时间：

-d 可以将上面的内核信息替换为关机时间信息：

# uprecords -d
     #               Uptime |        Last downtime                       Boot up
----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------
     1     0 days, 02:35:51 |     0 days, 00:01:07      Tue Feb 11 14:22:33 2020
->   2     0 days, 00:13:02 |     0 days, 00:04:05      Tue Feb 11 17:02:29 2020
     3     0 days, 00:07:27 |     0 days, 00:00:00      Tue Feb 11 14:13:59 2020
----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------
no1 in     0 days, 02:22:50 | at                        Tue Feb 11 19:38:21 2020
    up     0 days, 02:56:20 | since                     Tue Feb 11 14:13:59 2020
  down     0 days, 00:05:12 | since                     Tue Feb 11 14:13:59 2020
   %up               97.136 | since                     Tue Feb 11 14:13:59 2020

查看更多的命令选项：

# uprecords -?
usage: uprecords [OPTION]...
  -?             this help
  -a             do not print ansi codes
  -b             sort by boottime
  -B             reverse sort by boottime
  -k             sort by sysinfo
  -K             reverse sort by sysinfo
  -d             print downtime seen before every uptimes instead of system
  -c             do not show current entry if not in top entries
  -f             run continously in a loop
  -s             do not print extra statistics
  -w             wide output (more than 80 cols per line)
  -i INTERVAL    use INTERVAL seconds for loop instead of 5, implies -f
  -m COUNT       show a maximum of top COUNT entries instead of 10
  -M             show next milestone
  -v             version information

上面所举的例子都是日常使用中十分常见的，如果想要了解更多关于 uptimed 的用法，可以参考它的帮助手册。

$ man uprecords