一、异步执行

实现方式二种:
1、 使用异步注解@aysnc、启动类:添加@EnableAsync注解;
2、 JDK8本身有一个非常好用的Future类——CompletableFuture;

  1. @AllArgsConstructor
  2. public class AskThread implements Runnable{
  3. private CompletableFuture<Integer> re = null;
  4. public void run() {
  5. int myRe = 0;
  6. try {
  7. myRe = re.get() * re.get();
  8. } catch (Exception e) {
  9. e.printStackTrace();
  10. }
  11. System.out.println(myRe);
  12. }
  13. public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
  14. final CompletableFuture<Integer> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
  15. new Thread(new AskThread(future)).start();
  16. //模拟长时间的计算过程
  17. Thread.sleep(1000);
  18. //告知完成结果
  19. future.complete(60);
  20. }
  21. }

在该示例中,启动一个线程,此时AskThread对象还没有拿到它需要的数据,执行到 myRe = re.get() * re.get()会阻塞。我们用休眠1秒来模拟一个长时间的计算过程,并将计算结果告诉future执行结果,AskThread线程将会继续执行。

  1. public class Calc {
  2. public static Integer calc(Integer para) {
  3. try {
  4. //模拟一个长时间的执行
  5. Thread.sleep(1000);
  6. } catch (InterruptedException e) {
  7. e.printStackTrace();
  8. }
  9. return para * para;
  10. }
  11. public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
  12. final CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> calc(50))
  13. .thenApply((i) -> Integer.toString(i))
  14. .thenApply((str) -> "\"" + str + "\"")
  15. .thenAccept(System.out::println);
  16. future.get();
  17. }
  18. }

CompletableFuture.supplyAsync方法构造一个CompletableFuture实例,在supplyAsync()方法中,它会在一个新线程中,执行传入的参数。
在这里它会执行calc()方法,这个方法可能是比较慢的,但这并不影响CompletableFuture实例的构造速度,supplyAsync()会立即返回。
而返回的CompletableFuture实例就可以作为这次调用的契约,在将来任何场合,用于获得最终的计算结果。
supplyAsync用于提供返回值的情况,CompletableFuture还有一个不需要返回值的异步调用方法runAsync(Runnable runnable),一般我们在优化Controller时,使用这个方法比较多。
这两个方法如果在不指定线程池的情况下,都是在ForkJoinPool.common线程池中执行,而这个线程池中的所有线程都是Daemon(守护)线程,所以,当主线程结束时,这些线程无论执行完毕都会退出系统。
核心代码:

  1. CompletableFuture.runAsync(() ->
  2. this.afterBetProcessor(betRequest,betDetailResult,appUser,id)
  3. );

异步调用使用Callable来实现

  1. @RestController
  2. public class HelloController {
  3. private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloController.class);
  4. @Autowired
  5. private HelloService hello;
  6. @GetMapping("/helloworld")
  7. public String helloWorldController() {
  8. return hello.sayHello();
  9. }
  10. /**
  11. * 异步调用restful
  12. * 当controller返回值是Callable的时候,springmvc就会启动一个线程将Callable交给TaskExecutor去处理
  13. * 然后DispatcherServlet还有所有的spring拦截器都退出主线程,然后把response保持打开的状态
  14. * 当Callable执行结束之后,springmvc就会重新启动分配一个request请求,然后DispatcherServlet就重新
  15. * 调用和处理Callable异步执行的返回结果, 然后返回视图
  16. *
  17. * @return
  18. */
  19. @GetMapping("/hello")
  20. public Callable<String> helloController() {
  21. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入helloController方法");
  22. Callable<String> callable = new Callable<String>() {
  23. @Override
  24. public String call() throws Exception {
  25. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入call方法");
  26. String say = hello.sayHello();
  27. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 从helloService方法返回");
  28. return say;
  29. }
  30. };
  31. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 从helloController方法返回");
  32. return callable;
  33. }
  34. }

异步调用的方式 WebAsyncTask

  1. @RestController
  2. public class HelloController {
  3. private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloController.class);
  4. @Autowired
  5. private HelloService hello;
  6. /**
  7. * 带超时时间的异步请求 通过WebAsyncTask自定义客户端超时间
  8. *
  9. * @return
  10. */
  11. @GetMapping("/world")
  12. public WebAsyncTask<String> worldController() {
  13. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入helloController方法");
  14. // 3s钟没返回,则认为超时
  15. WebAsyncTask<String> webAsyncTask = new WebAsyncTask<>(3000, new Callable<String>() {
  16. @Override
  17. public String call() throws Exception {
  18. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入call方法");
  19. String say = hello.sayHello();
  20. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 从helloService方法返回");
  21. return say;
  22. }
  23. });
  24. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 从helloController方法返回");
  25. webAsyncTask.onCompletion(new Runnable() {
  26. @Override
  27. public void run() {
  28. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 执行完毕");
  29. }
  30. });
  31. webAsyncTask.onTimeout(new Callable<String>() {
  32. @Override
  33. public String call() throws Exception {
  34. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " onTimeout");
  35. // 超时的时候,直接抛异常,让外层统一处理超时异常
  36. throw new TimeoutException("调用超时");
  37. }
  38. });
  39. return webAsyncTask;
  40. }
  41. /**
  42. * 异步调用,异常处理,详细的处理流程见MyExceptionHandler类
  43. *
  44. * @return
  45. */
  46. @GetMapping("/exception")
  47. public WebAsyncTask<String> exceptionController() {
  48. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入helloController方法");
  49. Callable<String> callable = new Callable<String>() {
  50. @Override
  51. public String call() throws Exception {
  52. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入call方法");
  53. throw new TimeoutException("调用超时!");
  54. }
  55. };
  56. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 从helloController方法返回");
  57. return new WebAsyncTask<>(20000, callable);
  58. }
  59. }

二、增加内嵌Tomcat的最大连接数

  1. @Configuration
  2. public class TomcatConfig {
  3. @Bean
  4. public ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory webServerFactory() {
  5. TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatFactory = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();
  6. tomcatFactory.addConnectorCustomizers(new MyTomcatConnectorCustomizer());
  7. tomcatFactory.setPort(8005);
  8. tomcatFactory.setContextPath("/api-g");
  9. return tomcatFactory;
  10. }
  11. class MyTomcatConnectorCustomizer implements TomcatConnectorCustomizer {
  12. public void customize(Connector connector) {
  13. Http11NioProtocol protocol = (Http11NioProtocol) connector.getProtocolHandler();
  14. //设置最大连接数
  15. protocol.setMaxConnections(20000);
  16. //设置最大线程数
  17. protocol.setMaxThreads(2000);
  18. protocol.setConnectionTimeout(30000);
  19. }
  20. }
  21. }

三、使用@ComponentScan()

定位扫包比@SpringBootApplication扫包更快

四、默认tomcat容器改为Undertow

Jboss下的服务器,Tomcat吞吐量5000,Undertow吞吐量8000

  1. <exclusions>
  2. <exclusion>
  3. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  4. <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
  5. </exclusion>
  6. </exclusions>

改为:

  1. <dependency>
  2. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  3. <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
  4. </dependency>

五、使用 BufferedWriter 进行缓冲

六、Deferred方式实现异步调用

  1. @RestController
  2. public class AsyncDeferredController {
  3. private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
  4. private final LongTimeTask taskService;
  5. @Autowired
  6. public AsyncDeferredController(LongTimeTask taskService) {
  7. this.taskService = taskService;
  8. }
  9. @GetMapping("/deferred")
  10. public DeferredResult<String> executeSlowTask() {
  11. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入executeSlowTask方法");
  12. DeferredResult<String> deferredResult = new DeferredResult<>();
  13. // 调用长时间执行任务
  14. taskService.execute(deferredResult);
  15. // 当长时间任务中使用deferred.setResult("world");这个方法时,会从长时间任务中返回,继续controller里面的流程
  16. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "从executeSlowTask方法返回");
  17. // 超时的回调方法
  18. deferredResult.onTimeout(new Runnable(){
  19. @Override
  20. public void run() {
  21. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " onTimeout");
  22. // 返回超时信息
  23. deferredResult.setErrorResult("time out!");
  24. }
  25. });
  26. // 处理完成的回调方法,无论是超时还是处理成功,都会进入这个回调方法
  27. deferredResult.onCompletion(new Runnable(){
  28. @Override
  29. public void run() {
  30. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " onCompletion");
  31. }
  32. });
  33. return deferredResult;
  34. }
  35. }

七、异步调用可以使用AsyncHandlerInterceptor进行拦截

  1. @Component
  2. public class MyAsyncHandlerInterceptor implements AsyncHandlerInterceptor {
  3. private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyAsyncHandlerInterceptor.class);
  4. @Override
  5. public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
  6. throws Exception {
  7. return true;
  8. }
  9. @Override
  10. public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
  11. ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
  12. // HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;
  13. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "服务调用完成,返回结果给客户端");
  14. }
  15. @Override
  16. public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
  17. throws Exception {
  18. if(null != ex){
  19. System.out.println("发生异常:"+ex.getMessage());
  20. }
  21. }
  22. @Override
  23. public void afterConcurrentHandlingStarted(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
  24. throws Exception {
  25. // 拦截之后,重新写回数据,将原来的hello world换成如下字符串
  26. String resp = "my name is chhliu!";
  27. response.setContentLength(resp.length());
  28. response.getOutputStream().write(resp.getBytes());
  29. logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 进入afterConcurrentHandlingStarted方法");
  30. }
  31. }

来源:xhcom.blog.csdn.net/article/details/88046026