Tengine 的编译安装

1 选定目录以及解压文件

  1. cd /opt
  2. wget http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.3.3.tar.gz

2 编译安装

  1. cd tengine-2.3.3
  2. ./configure --prefix=/opt/tengine233
  3. make && make install

配置文件的讲解

content

  1. cd tengin233
  2. ls
  3. conf  html  logs  sbin
  5. conf --- 存放配置文件
  6. html --- 存放网页的静态文件目录
  7. logs --- 日志
  8. sbin --- 存放可执行命令

environment variable—quick start

  1. Nginx
  2. /opt/tengine233/sbin
  3. system
  4. /opt/python396/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/root/bin
  6. PATH="/opt/tengine233/sbin:/opt/python396/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/root/bin"
  7. vim /etc/profile

start nginx

  1. /opt/tengine233/sbin/nginx
  2. # after add environment variable
  3. nginx

check port occupied

  1. netstat -tunlp | grep 80
  2. tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13902/nginx: master 
  3. lsof -i :80
  4. COMMAND   PID   USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
  5. nginx   13902   root    6u  IPv4 132914      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
  6. nginx   13903 nobody    6u  IPv4 132914      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)

usual command

  1. nginx  # 首次输入是直接启动，不得再次输入
  2. nginx -s reload  # 平滑重启，重新读取nginx的配置文件，而不重启进程
  3. nginx -s stop  # 停止nginx进程
  4. nginx -t  # 检查配置文件 相当于 pytho
  1. nginx -t
  2. nginx: the configuration file /opt/tengine233/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  3. nginx: configuration file /opt/tengine233/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

默认首页

http://218.78.112.182:10001/index.html

Nginx配置文件的学习

简介

  1. 1. 代码风格
  2.     C语言，分号结束，表示每一行的的配置；
  3. 2. 代码块
  4.     1. http {}  # 定义多个代码，是Nginx核心功能配置点
  5.     2. server {}  # 虚拟主机代码，定义了网站的目录地址，以及首页文件名字，监听端口等功能
  6.     3. localtion {}  # 域名匹配代码块

功能代码结构

  1. http {
  2.     server{
  3.         listen 80;
  4.         servername www.whereabouts.com;
  5.         location / {
  7.         }
  8.     }
  9. }

默认配置文件备份

配置文件内有两份全站配置 http,但是第二份完全被注释，因此修改第一份 http 即可

  1. #user  nobody;
  2. worker_processes  1;
  4. #error_log  logs/error.log;
  5. #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
  6. #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
  7. #error_log  "pipe:rollback logs/error_log interval=1d baknum=7 maxsize=2G";
  9. #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
  12. events {
  13.     worker_connections  1024;
  14. }
  17. http {
  18.     include       mime.types;
  19.     default_type  application/octet-stream;
  21.     #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  22.     #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  23.     #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
  25.     #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
  26.     #access_log  "pipe:rollback logs/access_log interval=1d baknum=7 maxsize=2G"  main;
  28.     sendfile        on;
  29.     #tcp_nopush     on;
  31.     #keepalive_timeout  0;
  32.     keepalive_timeout  65;
  34.     #gzip  on;
  36.     server {
  37.         listen       80;
  38.         server_name  localhost;
  40.         #charset koi8-r;
  42.         #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
  43.         #access_log  "pipe:rollback logs/host.access_log interval=1d baknum=7 maxsize=2G"  main;
  45.         location / {
  46.             root   html;
  47.             index  index.html index.htm;
  48.         }
  50.         #error_page  404              /404.html;
  52.         # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
  53.         #
  54.         error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
  55.         location = /50x.html {
  56.             root   html;
  57.         }
  59.         # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
  60.         #
  61.         #location ~ \.php$ {
  62.         #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
  63.         #}
  65.         # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
  66.         #
  67.         #location ~ \.php$ {
  68.         #    root           html;
  69.         #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
  70.         #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
  71.         #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
  72.         #    include        fastcgi_params;
  73.         #}
  75.         # pass the Dubbo rpc to Dubbo provider server listening on 127.0.0.1:20880
  76.         #
  77.         #location /dubbo {
  78.         #    dubbo_pass_all_headers on;
  79.         #    dubbo_pass_set args $args;
  80.         #    dubbo_pass_set uri $uri;
  81.         #    dubbo_pass_set method $request_method;
  82.         #
  83.         #    dubbo_pass org.apache.dubbo.samples.tengine.DemoService 0.0.0 tengineDubbo dubbo_backend;
  84.         #}
  86.         # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
  87.         # concurs with nginx's one
  88.         #
  89.         #location ~ /\.ht {
  90.         #    deny  all;
  91.         #}
  92.     }
  94.     # upstream for Dubbo rpc to Dubbo provider server listening on 127.0.0.1:20880
  95.     #
  96.     #upstream dubbo_backend {
  97.     #    multi 1;
  98.     #    server 127.0.0.1:20880;
  99.     #}
  101.     # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
  102.     #
  103.     #server {
  104.     #    listen       8000;
  105.     #    listen       somename:8080;
  106.     #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
  108.     #    location / {
  109.     #        root   html;
  110.     #        index  index.html index.htm;
  111.     #    }
  112.     #}
  115.     # HTTPS server
  116.     #
  117.     #server {
  118.     #    listen       443 ssl;
  119.     #    server_name  localhost;
  121.     #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
  122.     #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
  124.     #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
  125.     #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
  127.     #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
  128.     #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
  130.     #    location / {
  131.     #        root   html;
  132.     #        index  index.html index.htm;
  133.     #    }
  134.     #}
  136. }

nginx 的 web站点

首页静态文件的存放路径

/opt/tengine233/html

默认主页源码保存

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html>
  3. <head>
  4. <title>Welcome to tengine!</title>
  5. <style>
  6.     body {
  7.         width: 35em;
  8.         margin: 0 auto;
  9.         font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
  10.     }
  11. </style>
  12. </head>
  13. <body>
  14. <h1>Welcome to tengine!</h1>
  15. <p>If you see this page, the tengine web server is successfully installed and
  16. working. Further configuration is required.</p>
  18. <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
  19. <a href="http://tengine.taobao.org/">tengine.taobao.org</a>.</p>
  21. <p><em>Thank you for using tengine.</em></p>
  22. </body>
  23. </html>

自定义个人主页以及图片存储路径

  1. # 存放路径
  2. [root@vvkt7whznuckhiz2-0723575 html]# ls
  3. 50x.html  index.html  smooth.jpg
  4. [root@vvkt7whznuckhiz2-0723575 html]# pwd
  5. /opt/tengine233/html
  7. [root@vvkt7whznuckhiz2-0723575 html]# vim index.html 
  9. <!DOCTYPE html>
  10. <body>
  11. <h4>Thinking less , practice more!<h4>
  12. <img src="./smooth.jpg">
  13. </body>

虚拟主机

Nginx - 图1

第二个 server

完整配置文件

  1. worker_processes  1;
  3. events {
  4.     worker_connections  1024;
  5. }
  8. http {
  9.     include       mime.types;
  10.     default_type  application/octet-stream;
  13.     sendfile        on;
  15.     keepalive_timeout  65;
  17.     gzip  on;
  19.     server {
  20.         listen       10001;
  21.         server_name  localhost;
  23.         charset utf-8;
  25.         location / {
  26.             root   /s25linux/;
  27.             index  index.html index.htm;
  28.         }
  30.         error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
  31.         location = /50x.html {
  32.             root   html;
  33.         }
  34.     }
  35.     server {
  36.     listen 40001;
  37.     server_name localhost;
  38.     charset utf-8;
  39.     location / {
  40.         root    /s25python/;
  41.         index    index.html index.htm; 
  42. }
  43. }
  45. }

外部配置文件写入

  1. echo "I love you, you love me, mixue ice city lovely"  > /s25nginx/index.html

最终效果

Nginx - 图2

创建显示网页

  1. echo "I love you, you love me, mixue icecream honey and tea" > /s25linux/index.html
  2. echo "You watch my eyes, listen to me,not afraid of wind and rain." > /s25python/index.html

最终显示效果

Nginx - 图3

404 页面设计

配置文件的修改

  1. server {
  2.     listen       10001;
  3.     server_name  localhost;
  5.     charset utf-8;
  6.     # 添加此行代码，当用户请求出错时，出现404的时候，会返回特定的页面，在root定义的根目录下寻找40x.html文件
  7.     #
  8.     error_page 404 /40x.html;
  9.     #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
  10.     #access_log  "pipe:rollback logs/host.access_log interval=1d baknum=7 maxsize=2G"  main;
  12.     location / {
  13.         root   /s25linux/;
  14.         index  index.html index.htm;
  15.     }
  17.     }

预备修改的资源文件 40x.html

  1. cd /s25linux
  2. touch 40x.html
  3. vim 40x.html

H5 资源文件

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en" >
  3. <head>
  4.   <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.   <title>404</title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.   <h4>"What you see is what you get, but this page is not exist."</h4>
  9. </body>
  10. </html>

检查并且软重启 Nginx

  1. nginx -s reload
  2. # 或者关闭并启动
  3. nginx -s stop
  4. nginx

最终效果

Nginx - 图4

Nginx 访客日志

定义及用途

  1. 1. 特点：能够记录，分析用户的请求行为
  2.      什么时间点访问最频繁，网站流量峰值
  3.      记录用户的请求频率，依次检测是否为爬虫等恶意请求，进行封禁；
  4.      检测躲在用户代理后的真实IP
  5.      检测用户IP，请求时间，请求URL内容；
  6. 2. 格式
  8.     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  9.     #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  10.     #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
  11. 3. 对变量的解释

反向代理

正向代理相当于业务代办，面向用户，也就是服务需求方
反向代理相当于中介，面向房东，也就是服务提供方

负载均衡

为什么做负载均衡？[静态资源加速 & 流量平衡]

  1. 1. 代理服务器负载均衡 使用代理服务器，可以将请求转发给内部的服务器，使用这种加速模式显然可以提升静态网页的访问速度。
  2. 2. 使用代理服务器将请求均匀转发给多台服务器，从而达到负载均衡的目的。

实操

实现逻辑

Nginx - 图5

1 修改 nginx.conf配置,构建代理池

  1.     upstream s25real_server {
  2. server 192.168.1.9:5555;
  3. server 192.168.1.9:6666;
  4. }

第一个主机10001端口用作网关，交给代理池

  3.     server {
  4.         listen       10001;
  5.         server_name  localhost;
  7.         charset utf-8;
  9.         location / {
  10.                 proxy_pass http://s25real_server;
  11.         }
  12. }

第二个server 5555端口负责提供数据

  1.     server {
  2.         listen 5555;
  3.         server_name localhost;
  4.         charset utf-8;
  5.         location / {
  6.             root        /s25python/;
  7.             index       index.html index.htm;
  8. }
  9. }

第三个server 6666依然是为了提供资源

  1.     server {
  2.         listen 5555;
  3.         server_name localhost;
  4.         charset utf-8;
  5.         location / {
  6.             root        /s25linux/;
  7.             index       index.html index.htm;
  8. }
  9. }

2 完整配置文件

  1. worker_processes  1;
  3. events {
  4.     worker_connections  1024;
  5. }
  8. http {
  9.     include       mime.types;
  10.     default_type  application/octet-stream;
  13.     sendfile        on;
  15.     keepalive_timeout  65;
  17.     gzip  on;
  19.     upstream s25real_server {
  20. server 192.168.1.9:5555;
  21. server 192.168.1.9:6666;
  22. }
  24.     server {
  25.         listen       10001;
  26.         server_name  localhost;
  28.         charset utf-8;
  30.         location / {
  32.     proxy_pass http://s25real_server;
  33.         }
  35.         error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
  36.         location = /50x.html {
  37.             root   html;
  38.         }
  39.     }
  40.     server {
  41.     listen 5555;
  42.     server_name localhost;
  43.     charset utf-8;
  44.     location / {
  45.         root    /s25python/;
  46.         index    index.html index.htm; 
  47. }
  48. }
  49.     server {
  50.     listen        6666;
  51.     server_name    localhost;
  52.     charset        utf-8;
  53.     location / {
  54.         root    /s25linux/;
  55.         index    index.html index.htm;
  56. } 
  57. }
  58. }

集群

概念

特点

1, 高性能；

2，价格有效性；

  1. 采用计算机集群比采用同等运算性能的大型计算机更具有性价比

3， 可伸缩性；

  1. 硬件的扩展性强，且不影响面向服务的连续性；

4， 透明性；

负载均衡算法

  1. 默认轮询机制，每一台服务器处理一次访问请求；

  2. 加权轮询，给代理池的每一个主机分配权重，比如 weight=4; weight=1;
    upstream s25real_server {
    server 192.168.1.9:5555 weight=4;
    server 192.168.1.9:6666 weight=1;
    }

报错及处理

nginx: [error] invalid PID number ““ in “**/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

  1. 解决方法 :
  3. 进入到nginx的安装目录位置，进入sbin下
  5. 执行 nginx -t 检查配置是否正确
  7. 看到 successful 说明配置没问题，如果不是，好好检查nginx.conf
  9. 之后执行以下两条命令:
  10. ./nginx -c /opt/tengine233/conf/nginx.conf
  11. ./nginx -s reload
  13. 修后使用以下命令，查看nginx进程：
  14. ps -ef|grep nginx
  16. 原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36949163/article/details/119874257