一.os包结构介绍

  • Go语言标准库中os包提供了不依赖平台的操作系统接口
  • 设计为Unix风格的，而错误处理是go风格的,失败的调用会返回错误值而非错误码。通常错误值里包含更多信息

  • os包及子包功能

    1. -- os 包
    2. --os/exec 包,负责执行外部命令.
    3. --os/signal对输入信息的访问
    4. --os/user 通过名称或ID    查询用户账户

  • 在os/user中提供了User结构体,表示操作系统用户

    • Uid 用户id
    • Gid 所属组id
    • Username 用户名
    • Name 所属组名
    • HomeDir 用户对应文件夹路径
      1. // User represents a user account.
      2. type User struct {
      3. // Uid is the user ID.
      4. // On POSIX systems, this is a decimal number representing the uid.
      5. // On Windows, this is a security identifier (SID) in a string format.
      6. // On Plan 9, this is the contents of /dev/user.
      7. Uid string
      8. // Gid is the primary group ID.
      9. // On POSIX systems, this is a decimal number representing the gid.
      10. // On Windows, this is a SID in a string format.
      11. // On Plan 9, this is the contents of /dev/user.
      12. Gid string
      13. // Username is the login name.
      14. Username string
      15. // Name is the user's real or display name.
      16. // It might be blank.
      17. // On POSIX systems, this is the first (or only) entry in the GECOS field
      18. // list.
      19. // On Windows, this is the user's display name.
      20. // On Plan 9, this is the contents of /dev/user.
      21. Name string
      22. // HomeDir is the path to the user's home directory (if they have one).
      23. HomeDir string
      24. }

  • 在os/user中的Group表示用户所属组

    • Gid 组的id
    • Name 组的名称
      1. // Group represents a grouping of users.
      2. //
      3. // On POSIX systems Gid contains a decimal number representing the group ID.
      4. type Group struct {
      5. Gid  string // group ID
      6. Name string // group name
      7. }

  • 整个os/user包中内容比较少,提供了两个错误类型和获取当前用户,查找用户

    1. type UnknownUserError
    2. func (e UnknownUserError) Error() string
    3. type UnknownUserIdError
    4. func (e UnknownUserIdError) Error() string
    5. type User
    6. func Current() (*User, error)
    7. func Lookup(username string) (*User, error)
    8. func LookupId(uid string) (*User, error)

二.代码示例

  • 可以获取当前用户或查找用户后获取用户信息
    1.  //获取当前登录用户
    2.  //u,_:=user.Current()
    3.  /*
    4.  Lookup()参数是用户名,按照用户名查找指定用户对象
    5.  注意:必须使用完整名称不可以只写zhang
    6.   */
    7.  u, _ := user.Lookup(`LAPTOP-M7D47U95\zhang`)
    8.  fmt.Println(u.Name)
    9.  fmt.Println(u.Gid)
    10.  fmt.Println(u.HomeDir)
    11.  fmt.Println(u.Uid)
    12.  fmt.Println(u.Username)