2020-03-21 Data from CareerFoundry

经典UX 设计过程

“UX 设计师实际上是做什么的？” 这个问题一次又一次地出现在那些对 UX 设计好奇的人身上。让我们以ally为例，以此来感受作为一名 UX 设计师的一天。她所做的工作因项目而异。然而，确实有一个典型的程序，以及一些几乎每个项目中执行的通用功能。
A Typical UX Design Process
“What does a UX designer actually do?” This question comes up time and time again from those curious about UX design. Let’s take a look at Ally. As a UX designer, what she does can vary dramatically from project to project. However, there is a typical procedure, as well as some general functions that Ally is expected to perform in almost every project. Why don’t we check them out?

第一步：用户研究

每个设计过程都从研究开始。但是在 UX 设计领域，研究从哪里开始？这一切都始于用户。
通常，Ally 会收到产品负责人的简报，要求她对新产品功能进行初步研究。然后，Ally 从竞争对手的研究开始（竞品分析），看看别人是怎么做的，有没有可以参考的案例，然后继续采访实际的潜在用户。Ally 还调查和采访现有用户以及产品利益相关者，以确定他们的需求、难点和改进机会。
研究对于使 Ally 在直接进入设计之前确定用户需要的核心功能至关重要。
User Research
Every design process begins with research. But where does research begin in the world of UX design? You guessed it! It all starts with the user.
Usually, Ally will receive a brief from the head of product asking her to conduct initial research for a new product feature. Ally then starts with competitor research to see what’s out there before moving on to interviews with actual prospective users. Ally also surveys and interviews any existing users, as well as product stakeholders, to identify their needs, pain points, and opportunities for improvement.
Research is essential in enabling Ally to pinpoint the core features her users need before jumping straight into the design.

  • 用户画像

    制作用户画像是 Ally 最喜欢的任务之一。用户角色是一组基于目标、需求和行为的目标用户的虚构但现实的表示 (所有这些都是在研究阶段发现的!)。
    用户画像是 UX 设计过程中的一个有价值的工具，因为它提醒设计师和其他利益相关者他们正在为真实的人设计。ally没有为用户群 A 和用户群 B 设计，而是为简设计，简是两个孩子的母亲，住在伦敦，史蒂夫是最近搬到罗马的退休人员。通过使目标用户群人性化，帮助设计师与用户建立共鸣，并根据真实用户数据确定关键功能和设计决策的优先级。
    一旦角色被充实，就可以关注于每个角色想要执行的特定任务 (例如，使用日历应用程序预约)。从那里，Ally 将创建一个用户使用流程，描绘简这样的用户为了实现这一目标需要走的路。
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    User Persona
    Crafting a user persona is one of Ally’s favorite tasks. A user persona is a fictional but realistic representation of a set of target users based on their goals, needs, and behaviors (all discovered during the research phase!).
    A user persona is a valuable tool in the UX design process because it reminds designers and other stakeholders that they’re designing for real people. Rather than designing for user group A and user group B, Ally designs for Jane, a mother of two living in London, and Steve, a recent retiree currently relocating to Rome. By humanizing the target user groups, personas help the designer build empathy with the user and prioritize key features and design decisions based on real user data.
    Once the personas have been fleshed out, it’s then possible to look at specific tasks each persona will want to perform (e.g. making an appointment using a calendar app). From there, Ally will create a user flow depicting the path a user like Jane needs to undertake in order to achieve that goal.

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    第二步：开始设计！

    一旦制定了步骤，Ally 就可以开始定义如何组织每个页面上的内容,以及这些页面如何以用户可以直观感受的方式组合在一起，并帮助他们实现最终目标。Ally 使用线框和原型来做到这一点，这两者都包括为同事和利益相关者绘制她的设计草图。原型中的细节水平基于反馈和测试而发展，从快速的铅笔草图到非常类似于最终设计的精细细节模型。（从低保真原型图到高保证设计稿）
    Once the steps have been laid out, Ally can then begin to define how the content on each page should be organized, as well as how these pages can fit together in a way that’s intuitive to users and allows them to reach their goals. Ally does so using wireframer and prototypes, both of which involve making sketches of her designs for colleagues and stakeholders. The level of detail in the prototypes evolves based on feedback and testing, all the way from quick pencil sketches to finely detailed mockups that closely resemble the final design.
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第三步：测试

测试是 UX 设计者工作的基本部分，也是整个 UX 设计过程的核心部分。Ally 与真实用户一起测试她的原型，以此获得关于如何从实际使用产品的人那里改进设计的真实反馈。使用原型可以帮助她在开发开始前发现任何设计缺陷和不足，这为公司节省了时间和金钱。
UX 设计人员最常见的测试类型是可用性测试，这是一种用于评估特定设计的直观和有用程度的技术。测试完成后，Ally 将使用结果来改进设计，调整原型，并在开发迭代的过程中再次进行测试。
Testing is a fundamental part of the UX designer’s job and a core part of the overall UX design process. Ally tests her prototypes with real users as a way of receiving authentic feedback on how to improve the design from those who’ll actually be using the product. Doing so with prototypes helps her catch any design flaws before the development starts — which saves time and money for the company.
The most common type of testing for UX designers is usability testing, which is a technique used to evaluate how intuitive and useful a particular design is. When testing is complete, Ally will use the results to improve the design, adjust the prototypes, and test again in a process called iteration.

第四步：开发完善

经过几次原型制作和测试，Ally 的设计已经准备好进行视觉改造。这就是设计的外观和感觉发挥作用的地方。这些方面通常是与 UI (用户界面) 设计师合作完成的，他们确保用户在屏幕上呈现的内容使用户能够完成任务。就像 Ally 一样，UI 设计师对用户的需求和目标有着坚实的理解，但他们的专长在于用户的视觉体验。
无论项目的范围如何，Ally 总是与开发人员密切合作以达到最终目标，因此她非常清楚她需要与开发团队保持良好的关系。虽然建立融洽关系需要时间，但 Ally 对编辑整个 UX 设计过程和产品的视觉设计定位进行深度思考，以确保一切都能按照设计进行开发。
After several iterations of prototyping and testing, Ally’s design is ready for a visual makeover. This is where the look and feel of the design come into play. These aspects are usually done in collaboration with a UI (user interface) designer, who ensures that what the user is presented with on the screen enables them to complete their tasks. Just like Ally, the UI designer has a solid understanding of the user’s needs and goals, but their specialty lies in the user’s visual experience. We’ll talk more about UI design in an upcoming lesson.
Regardless of the scope of a project, Ally’s always worked closely with developers to reach the end goal, so she’s very cognizant of the good relationship she needs to maintain with the development team. While rapport can take time to establish, Ally is thoughtful about documenting the entire UX design process and the product’s visual design assets to ensure everything can be developed exactly as designed.
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在企业中，通常采用的是敏捷开发，这就要求ux设计师按照这样的经典设计流程，一步一步随着项目的深入和要求的提高，进行一步一步的迭代。
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感谢您的阅读
翻译和整理 by 嘉艺
2020.03.21

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