LB

lvs/nginx [http/upstream stream/uptstream]
LVS
http://linuxvirtualserver.org/
Nginx
http://nginx.org/
HAporxy
https://www.haproxy.com/

四层(tcp)实现负载均衡的软件:
lvs———>重量级
nginx———>轻量级,带缓存功能,正则表达式较灵活
haproxy———>模拟四层转发,较灵活LB
七层(http)实现反向代理的软件:
haproxy———>天生技能,全面支持七层代理,会话保持,标记,路径转移
nginx———>只在http协议和mail协议上功能比较好,性能与haproxy差不多
apache———>功能较差

lvs做4层负载;nginx做7层负载;haproxy比较灵活,4层和7层负载均衡
https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5892169.html

HA

keepalive
https://www.keepalived.org/

HPC[ high performance computing]

TCP/IP
HTTPS