书写格式
命令
用法：
常用参数：
示例：

目录管理命令：mkdir、rmdir

mkdir

用法：创建目录
常用参数：
-p 递归创建目录
-m 设置文件权限 类似 chmod
-v 显示创建过程

  1. -m, --mode=MODE
  2.               set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask
  4.  -p, --parents
  5.               no error if existing, make parent directories as needed
  7. -v, --verbose
  8.               print a message for each created directory

示例：
1:创建一个目录MySQL

  1. [root@riyimei tmp]# mkdir mysql
  2. [root@riyimei tmp]# 
  3. [root@riyimei tmp]# 
  4. [root@riyimei tmp]# mkdir -v mysql1
  5. mkdir: created directory ‘mysql1’
  6. [root@riyimei tmp]#

2:在MySQL底下再创建一个子目录rpm

  1. [root@riyimei tmp]# mkdir -pv /tmp/mysql/rpm
  2. mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/mysql/rpm’
  3. [root@riyimei tmp]# ls -l /tmp/mysql
  4. total 0
  5. drwxr-x--- 2 root root 279 Jul 25 19:19 rpm
  6. [root@riyimei tmp]#

3:创建一个目录权限为644的目录config

  1. [root@riyimei tmp]# mkdir -pv -m 644 /tmp/mysql/config
  2. mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/mysql/config’
  3. [root@riyimei tmp]# ls -l /tmp/mysql/config/
  4. total 0
  5. drw-r--r-- 2 root root   6 Jul 25 19:26 config
  6. drwxr-x--- 2 root root 279 Jul 25 19:19 rpm
  7. [root@riyimei tmp]#

rmdir

用法：只能删除空目录
常用参数：
-p 递归删除
-v 显示删除过程
示例：
1：删除一个空目录

  1. [root@riyimei tmp]# rmdir test/
  2. rmdir: failed to remove ‘test/’: Directory not empty
  3. [root@riyimei tmp]# 
  4. [root@riyimei tmp]# 
  5. [root@riyimei tmp]# rm -rf /tmp/test/liweiming 
  6. [root@riyimei tmp]# 
  7. [root@riyimei tmp]# rmdir  -v test
  8. rmdir: removing directory, ‘test’
  9. [root@riyimei tmp]#

文件管理命令：cp、mv、rm

cp

用法：复制文件或者目录

当目的地为目录里时，将文件复制到目录里面 当目的地为文件时： 1、文件不能为目录 2、只能复制单个文件 文件复制到文件的时候，即是覆盖文件（内容不变）

常用参数：
-p 复制链接文件时 不复制链接文件的源文件
-a 用于归档文件
-L 复制链接文件时，直接复制其源文件，名称为链接名称
-r,R 递归复制
-i 交互式复制
-f
-n

  1.        -a, --archive
  2.               same as -dR --preserve=all
  4.        --attributes-only
  5.               don't copy the file data, just the attributes
  7.        --backup[=CONTROL]
  8.               make a backup of each existing destination file
  10.        -b     like --backup but does not accept an argument
  12.        --copy-contents
  13.               copy contents of special files when recursive
  15.        -d     same as --no-dereference --preserve=links
  17.        -f, --force
  18.               if  an existing destination file cannot be opened, remove it and try again (this option is ignored when the -n option
  19.               is also used)
  21.        -i, --interactive
  22.               prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n option)
  24.        -H     follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE
  26.        -l, --link
  27.               hard link files instead of copying
  29.        -L, --dereference
  30.               always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
  32.        -n, --no-clobber
  33.               do not overwrite an existing file (overrides a previous -i option)
  35.        -P, --no-dereference
  36.               never follow symbolic links in SOURCE
  38.        -p     same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
  40.        --preserve[=ATTR_LIST]
  41.               preserve the specified attributes (default: mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible additional  attributes:  context,
  42.               links, xattr, all
  44.        -c     deprecated, same as --preserve=context
  46.        --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST
  47.               don't preserve the specified attributes
  49.        --parents
  50.               use full source file name under DIRECTORY
  52.        -R, -r, --recursive
  53.               copy directories recursively
  55.        --reflink[=WHEN]
  56.               control clone/CoW copies. See below
  58.        --remove-destination
  59.               remove each existing destination file before attempting to open it (contrast with --force)
  61.        --sparse=WHEN
  62.               control creation of sparse files. See below
  64.        --strip-trailing-slashes
  65.               remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument
  67.        -s, --symbolic-link
  68.               make symbolic links instead of copying
  70.        -S, --suffix=SUFFIX
  71.               override the usual backup suffix
  73.        -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY
  74.               copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
  76.        -T, --no-target-directory
  77.               treat DEST as a normal file
  79.        -u, --update
  80.               copy only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing
  82.        -v, --verbose
  83.               explain what is being done
  85.        -x, --one-file-system
  86.               stay on this file system
  88.        -Z     set SELinux security context of destination file to default type
  90.        --context[=CTX]
  91.               like -Z, or if CTX is specified then set the SELinux or SMACK security context to CTX
  93.        --help display this help and exit
  95.        --version
  96.               output version information and exit

示例：

mv

用法：
常用参数：
示例：

文件查看命令：cat、tac、head、tail、more、less

cat

用法：
常用参数：
示例：

tac

用法：
常用参数：
示例：

head

用法：
常用参数：
示例：

tail
用法：
常用参数：
示例：

move

用法：
常用参数：
示例：

less

用法：
常用参数：
示例：

文件查找：find

find

用法：在目录层级中查找文件
find命令机制是遍历查询(逐个查找)的方法，在各个层级遍历，最终找到目标文件
find命令的优点：查找精确、实时查找
find命令的缺点：消耗资源、查询需要时间很长
常用参数：
格式
find [patch 路径 ] [optins 参数 ] [tests 条件 ] [actions 执行动作]
patch：查找路径 默认为当前路径
options：选择参数
tests：匹配文件条件
actions：查找之后find对查询的结果之后执行的动作

options
-maxdepth levels 查找路径的最大层级深度
-mindepth levels 查找路径的最小层级深度

  • example：

查看/tmp目录下的一级子文件

  1. [root@riyimei ~]# find  /tmp/ -maxdepth 1 
  2. /tmp/
  3. /tmp/.XIM-unix
  4. /tmp/.ICE-unix
  5. /tmp/.Test-unix
  6. /tmp/.X11-unix
  7. /tmp/.font-unix
  8. /tmp/mysql
  9. /tmp/mysql1
  10. [root@riyimei ~]#

显示最大级

  1. [root@riyimei ~]# find  /tmp/ -maxdepth 4
  2. /tmp/
  3. /tmp/.XIM-unix
  4. /tmp/.ICE-unix
  5. /tmp/.Test-unix
  6. /tmp/.X11-unix
  7. /tmp/.font-unix
  8. /tmp/mysql
  9. /tmp/mysql/rpm
  10. /tmp/mysql/rpm/mysql-community-client-8.0.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  11. /tmp/mysql/rpm/mysql-community-common-8.0.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  12. /tmp/mysql/rpm/mysql-community-libs-8.0.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  13. /tmp/mysql/rpm/mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  14. /tmp/mysql/rpm/mysql-community-server-8.0.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  15. /tmp/mysql/config
  16. /tmp/mysql1
  17. [root@riyimei ~]#

tests
文件名

  • -iname pattern 忽略大小写
  • -name pattern 根据文件名查找

example：
查看/tmp目录下以mysql开头的文件 忽略大小写 

  1. [root@riyimei ~]# find  /tmp/ -iname mysql*
  2. /tmp/mysql
  3. /tmp/mysql/rpm/mysql-community-client-8.0.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  4. /tmp/mysql/rpm/mysql-community-common-8.0.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  5. /tmp/mysql/rpm/mysql-community-libs-8.0.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  6. /tmp/mysql/rpm/mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  7. /tmp/mysql/rpm/mysql-community-server-8.0.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  8. /tmp/mysql1
  9. /tmp/MYSQL
  10. [root@riyimei ~]#

正则表达式

  1. [root@riyimei ~]# find  /etc -regex  .*ts
  2. /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/cacerts
  3. /etc/pki/java/cacerts
  4. /etc/pki/tls/certs
  5. /etc/pki/CA/certs
  6. /etc/pki/CA/newcerts
  7. /etc/openldap/certs
  8. /etc/exports

示例：