一、谓语构成:have /has + done(过去分词)
has的主语必须为单三,剩下的都用have
含义
①过去发生的动作,对现在造成的影响和结果
②一个是过去发生的动作一直持续到现在
二、时间状语
:::success
already (早先,已经)
before( 以前,在….之前)
recently (最近的,进来)
lately(近来,不久前)
yet (还)
ever ( 永远;曾经;究竟)
never (曾经)
in / (during) the past /(last) few years (在过去的几年)
for + 时间段
since + 时间点
over there years.(近些年来) —-> over +时间段 现完
so far = 14.up to now =15.by now (到目前为止) ::: 只要在句子里看到这些时间状语,就可以使用现在完成时态
注意: 看到这些时间状语,我们选择have/has done的形式 ,如果选项中没有现在完成时,也可以选have/has being doing(现在完成进行时)
重点讲解before的区分
late 考点扩充:
次数的应用:
:::success
- This/it is + 第几次 + that ……have/has done ……..
- This/it was + 第几次 + that………
第一次 : the first time
第二次:the second time
第三次:the third time
:::
since的几种用法
:::success
for + 时间段 for 5 year. (过去分词 have/has done)
since + 时间点 since 5 years age.
- has/have done(一般过去式)_ since 2006(时间)
- _have/has done(现在完成时) sinece xxxxx(句子后为)did(一般过去时)
- Since did(过去时态)_,have/has done(现在完成时态) :::
【例题】 :::info 【2008-1】1.John and I have been_friends for 8 years.
A.am B.is C.are D.have been
分析 时间状语 (for)+ 一段时间 (8 years),时间状语
and 连词,前后形式保存一致 Jone 和 I 主语,主格形式。
:::
:::info 【2003-3】2. Shehas learned_ English since she was a child
A.learning B. had learned C. is learnig D.has learned
分析 考点:现在完成时 时间状语 since , **has/have done_ since + 一段时间** ,主语为第三人称单数 She,所以用has :::
:::info
【2001-3】3. It_has been30 years since I graduated from college.(2001-9)
A.was B. has been C. is D.had been
分析 时间状语since,用一般过去时态,谓语用现在完成时has\have done ,谓语前面主语为第三人称单数 it 用has :::
:::info
I am sure that I saw_her 4 years ago.
A.have seen B. saw C. had seen D.will see
分析 本句没有出现现在完成时态的任意时间状语,只出现单独出现的ago ,为一般过去式,用一般过去式 see 是原形,过去式是saw
如果ago变为 before 则用现在完成时
考点:都表示之前
① ago 单独出现,用一般过去式:did
② since + 时间段 ago:现在完成时 have/has done
③ before: 现在完成时 has/have done
:::
:::info
- Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but hehasn’t turned upby now.
A.hasn’t turned up B.doesn’t turn up C. won’t turn up D.hadn’t turned up
翻译:吉米说他将会去车站接我,但到现在我也没见到他
pick sb up. 接某人
pick up .+ 语言/ 技能
turn up. 出现 调高音量
turn down. 拒绝 调低音量
turn on. 打开电器
turn off. 关闭开关
分析 时间状语by now 到目前为止,典型的现在完成时态的时间状语,用现在完成时态谓语前主语为第三人称单数he,用has done且变为否定形式,hasn’t turned up :::
:::info
- Youhave met a lot of progress since I __you last time.
A.will make; have met B.have made ,met C. had made,met D.have made, meeting
翻译:自从上次,我遇到你,你已经取得很大的进步了。
make progress. 取得进步
分析 时间状语since. _have/has done sinece xxxxx(句子)__did **_ 前面用现在完成时,后面用过去式
谓语前面主语为第二人称You,用have done; 后面用过去式did meet过去式met**
:::
复数 makes 第三人称单数 makes 现在分词 making 过去式 made 过去分词 made
:::info
- So far his famliyhasn’t heard_from him for six months.
A.didn’t hear B.isn’t hearing C. hasn’t heard D.hadn’t heard
翻译:
分析 时间状语So far 到目前为止,for + 时间段 现在完成时,用现在时完成时态 ,第三人称单数his用has否定形式 hear过去式done heard
- Mr.Grant__in Hanagzhou since 2006. He loves this city. (2017-16)
A.has been living B.lived C. will be living D.will have been living.
翻译:自从上次,我遇到你,你已经取得很大的进步了。
分析 时间状语have\has done + since + 时间点 而没有但应为has livied,但是没有,所以要用如果选项中没有现在完成时,也可以选have/has being doing(现在完成进行时) :::
:::info
- Tom and I __friends since we __children.(2017-28 专英)
A. are/were B.were/have been C.have been/are D.have been / were
翻译:我们是孩童的时候,汤姆和我就是朋友了
分析 时间状语 since 在中间 则为 have/had done ……since…….did 型
主格I 为第一人称单数用have 后面用were
:::
:::info
We came to England in 1995 and have lived__here ever since.
A. had lived
B. have been lived
C.have lived
D. lived
翻译:我们1995年来到英国,从那以后一直住在这里。
分析 时间状语 since (看见since用现在完成时) :::
重要句型⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
It / This is one of +the (adj)最高级 +名词 +that +主语+have done (现在完成时态)
It / This is the only one of the 最高级 +名词复数 + that + has done(过去完成时态)
:::info 1.This is one of the longest bridges that _over the Changjing river.
A.is ever bulit B.are ever bulit C.have ever been bulit D.have ever bulit
bridges. 桥
built.建筑
分析This is one of +the 最高级 +名词复数 +that +have done (现在完成时态) C.have ever been bulit D.have ever bulit
C. have ever been bulit 多个 been 表被动
D.have ever bulit 没有been 表主动
桥和修建主句是被动关系,桥被修建及have been bulit :::
:::info 2.He is the only one of the most hard-working students_willing to finish the homework on time.
A. who have been B. that are C. that has been D. who is
hard-working. (diligent)努力的勤奋的
willing:
be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事.
be unwilling to do sth.(be rectant to do sth)不愿意做某事.
分析 It / This is the only one of the 最高级 +名词复数 + that + has done(现在完成时态) B. that are C. that has been
现在完成时态不能用are,所以为 C that has been
桥和修建主句是被动关系,桥被修建及have been bulit :::