形式主语和形式宾语 it

1.形式主语的句型

:::warning It is likely that 可能…….. 如【It is likely that the storm will arrived in the city in the 24 hours. 暴雨可能在将来的24个小时将会到达这个城市】

It is no wonder that…… 难怪……不足为奇……

It is said/reported that……= As is done. 据说/据报道…….
:::

在不定式里面也会出现形式主语：

It is + adj for sb to do…….对某人来说做某事是………

2.形式宾语的句型

:::warning think + it（形式宾语，为这句话的宾语） + adj （宾补，形式宾语）+ that（宾语，真正的宾语） 从句 = consider + it （形式宾语）+ adj + that 从句 :::

典型例题

:::info 1.It is repoted ___the great changes have been made with the application of the new policy.

A. which
B. that
C. while
D. what

application 应用，申请
changes n. 变化
policy 政策

分析 It is repoted that = As is repoted that (As 引导的非限制定语从句), :::

:::info 2.We conseder it necessary that the machine should be adjusted each time it is used.

A. that it necessary
B. necessary it that
C.It that necessary
D. it necessary that

adjust. 调整，调试
adjust oneself to ……. = adapt oneself to……. 使某人适应某种环境、气候、天气
each time = every time . 每次 （可引导时间状语从句）

翻译: 我们认为有必要在每次使用时对机器进行调整。

分析考的是形式宾语，consisder it necessary that——> consider + it（形式宾语） + adj + that（that引导的名词性从句）

necessary + that 后面跟 should（虚拟语气） + do :::

疑问词 + ever 与 no matter + 疑问词

如：以下

意思上它们都是一样的，但是在引导的从句上面有些不同。

疑问词 + ever: :::warning 既可以引导**名词性从句**(不需要加任何标点符） :::

典型例题 :::info _has finished** the work ahead of time will be rewarded though we don’t know who it will be .
① ② ③ ④**

A. Those who
B. Anyone
C. Whoever
D. No matter who

ahead time. 提前
in advance. 提前

分析在句子当中没有逗号，D No matter who 引导的让步状语从句（加逗号）

本句有四个谓语动词，分析：有四个谓语动词则要有两个连词，连词1 为空格处，连词2 为 though（让步状语从句的一个连词） 第3给连词为 who（引导的宾语从句）

分析知，空格处为连词，B排除（为代词）
A B 都有连词 A Those who(和Those是一样的指代的那些人) 既然指代那些人则不能用has 主谓不一致 has前用单三 A不符合主谓不一致
则为 whoever引导的名词性从句 :::

同位语从句的先行词

:::warning 1.fact 事实 2. news 新闻 3.information 消息，消息 4.idea 观点 5. evidence 证据
6.suggestion 建议 7.advice 建议 8.promise 承诺 9.belief 信仰 10 .conclusion 结论 11.doubt 怀疑

doubt分为两种
①如果它所在的句子为肯定句：whether
②如果它所在的句子为否定句：that……. (that 引导的同位语从句)

其他的都直接用that

发现上面的先行词都是抽象名词泛泛而谈 要把 抽象——>具体 需要一个同位语从句把它变为具体的 :::

:::info 1.There is a lot of evidentthat_too much stress is party responsible for the disease.

hA. what
B. which
C. as
D. that

party 部分
be responsible for. 为……承担责任

翻译：有很多明显的证据表明，过多的压力是导致这种疾病的原因。

分析先行词为evident，直接选that :::
:::info

1. The news that_our football team had won the match excited all of us.

A. what
B. which
C. that
D. as

翻译：我们足球队赢得比赛的消息让我们所有人都很兴奋。

分析抽象名词，泛泛而谈，The news 消息 ，直接可以选that；
实际上含义为：The news 这个消息； 这个消息没有表现出来，而that引导的同位语同句，为这个消息做补充说明， :::

在名词性从句里面常考的句型；

1. The reson why……
2. The reason is that…….
3. The reason why ……is that …..的原因,是…..
4. That is why……..

汉译英 :::info 这位老师受欢迎的原因是他有很好的幽默感。

The reason why (…..的原因） this teacher is so populer is that he has a good sense of humor. :::

典型例题：

:::info 1.The reason is _he is unable to operate the machine.

A.because
B.why
C.that
D.whether

be unable to sth….. 不能够做某事

分析The reason is that 原因是…… :::
:::info 2.We must get there before 7’oclock. That’s _we have to start so early.

A. The reason that
B. the reason for why
C. Why that
D. why

分析That’s that =That is that 就这样 :::