英语语法9：虚拟语气1 if

虚拟语气的分类

（一）一个表格

虚拟语气的特定，谓语相对固定性，谓语是通过分析的出来的，像时态语态一样。

一般带有if的句子为从句，不带有if的为主句。if有时候也可以省略（有一定的规则）。

典型例题

:::info 1.If I__you,I_worry.

A.were , wouldn’t B.was, wouldn’t C.been,would have D.be,would

翻译：如果我是你，我就不会担心了。

分析 if后面从句用were，主句用情态动词would+do。 :::

:::info 2.If I were you,I would take an umbrella with me.

A. If I Had been you B.I were you C.If I were you D.I had been you

翻译： 如果我是你 , 我会带把伞。

分析 be(如果有be动词一律使用were)__ would + do，If不能直接省略 :::

:::info

1. If wehad arrived_here ten minutes ago ,we would have caught__the bus.

A.arrived / would catch
B.arrived / would have caught
C.had arrived / had caught
D.had arrived / would have caught

翻译： 如果我们十分钟前到达这里，我们就会赶上公共汽车。

分析 时间状语ago，发生在过去，if从句使用的是had done, 后面的主句使用的是 情态动词 + have done :::

:::info

1. We would have lostour lives if it had not been for the policeman.

A.would have lost B.should lose C.might lose D.could lose

翻译： 如果不是因为警察，我们会失去生命的。

分析 if后面从句had been（be的过去式done）,说明是过去的虚拟 ，主语用情态动词 + have done

“be的过去式是was或were,过去分词是been”

:::

:::info

1. If I had known her name,_I would have invited her to lunch_

A.I should invite her to lunch
B.I would invite her to lunch
C.I had invited here to lunch
D.I would have invited her to lunch.

翻译： 如果我知道她的名字 ，_ 我会邀请她吃午饭 _

分析 if后面从句had done, 主语用情态动词+have done
:::

:::info

1. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If shehad come,she would have met my brother.

A.had come B.did come C.came D.had come

翻译： 我没有在会议上看到你妹妹。如果她来，她就会遇见我哥哥。

分析didn’t, did not,过去式，主语为 would have done，从句用had done.
:::

:::info 7.You would have got scholarship_, If you had had higher score in the examination. (2016-37)

A. must have got scholarship.
B.would have got scholarship
C.shuold get scholarship
D.had got scholarship

scholarship.奖学金

翻译： 如果你在考试中有更高的分数，你就得到了奖学金.

分析 If 从句为had done，前面的主语用 情态动词 + have done :::

:::info 8.If he had been in better health, he could have writtenmore books.(2007-13)

A.can write
B.could have written
C.could write
D.have written

翻译： 我没有在会议上看到你妹妹。如果她来，她就会遇见我哥哥。

分析 If 从句为 had been （had done），主语应为：情态动词 + have done :::

:::info 9._If Mike had been able to finish his homework, he would have come to class. (2002-28)

A.If Mike is able to finish his homework
B.would Mike be able to finish his homework
C.If Mike could finish his homework
D.If Mike had been able to finish his homework

翻译：麦克能够完成他的作业，他就会来上课。

分析 If 从句为 had been （had done），主语应为：情态动词 + have done :::

（二）省略if

1. 省略的条件：

（1）从句当中
（2）有had / were / should 任何一个

2.省略的方法：

（1）可以把if去掉
（2）把 had / were / should 提到句首前

3.注意

如果从句中有否定词，否定词的位置不变。

注意：下面例题中所谓的情态动词为（would、could、should、might）仅限这四个

:::info 1.should they come to us_,I would ask them some questions

A.should they come to us
B.If they come to us
C. Were they come to us
D. Had they come to us

翻译:如果他们来找我们，我会问他们一些问题

分析主语 would do.为 情态动词 + do.

B.If they come to us, 从句使用的原形 do，表示主将（will do；would do过去将来）从先，不符合。

三个选项中If 省略的进行补全成为省略前的形式。

A.If they should come to us. 从句 should do（表将来虚拟）【表将来的虚拟从句有三种：①过去式were ②should do ③were to do】，主语用情态动词 + do.
C.If they were come to us. 从句 was/were (少了to) do
D.If they had come to us. 从句had done， 主句应为 would(情态动词)+ have done. 时间不对应
come 第三人称单数 comes现在分词 coming过去式 came过去分词 come :::

:::info 2.Were I to do it,I would do__it some other away.

A.will do
B. would do
C.would have done
D. were to do

翻译:

分析从句里面用的（If）I were to do. 从句中were/should/had 在句首前面可省略if. 补全省略为： If I were to do. 从句用的 were to do .主语用 情态动词 +do . :::

:::info 3.Albert Einstein often stressed to interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never_lived.(2017-2)

A.he had never
B.never had he
C.never he had
D.had he never

stress to sb……向某人强调
interviewer. 采访者
accomplishments n. 造诣

翻译: 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦经常向面试官强调，如果他从未来个这个世界，他的成就肯定会被其他人取得

分析主语使用虚拟语气 would have done. 对过去的虚拟，从句使用had done(lived).

从句补全为最完整的形式：
If he had（助动词）never(否定词) lived. 当if的从句里面含有had，这时if可以省略，把助动词had提前，否定词（never）位置不变。 :::

:::info 4.You didn’t take his advice.had you taken_his advice, you wouldn’t have made_such a mistake.(2013-26)

A.had you taken, wouldn’t have made
B. if you had taken ,would take
C. were you to take, shouldn’t have made
D. have you taken ,won’t have made

翻译 : 你没有接受他的建议。 如果你接受了 _ 他的建议，你不会犯 _ 这样的错误

分析 did 该动作发生在过去，从句使用had done的形式，而后面的主句 would/should /might/could + have done. :::

:::info 5.were she to leaveat once,she would get there on Sunday.(2011-6)

A.would she leave
B.if she leave
C.were she to leave
D.if she had left

翻译: 如果她马上离开，她会在星期天到达那里

分析主语 would + do, 现在 / 将来——> on Sunday. 将来时，从句should + do / 过去式 were / were to do. 再根据选项为 were to do

补全为： if she were to do. 选C

D. 从句 had done. 主语为would\should\could\might + have done

A.虚拟语气 would 无法提前，能提前的有 were/had/should :::

:::info 6.Had it not been_for your help,we wouldn’t have succeeded. (2011-37)

A. Hadn’t it been
B.Had it not been
C.If it had been
D.If it were

翻译: 如果不是你的帮助，我们就不会成功。

分析 虚拟语句，主句 would have done,从句用一般现在时的虚拟语气 had done. 去D, AB否定，C肯定翻译后知应为否定。
A,B 省略if
补充：if it had not been . 当复合省略if条件时，如果从句中有否定词，则否定词位置不变。A去掉 ， had it not been :::