（一）不定式

1.不定式的各种表现形式

1. to do 一般式
2. to be done 被动式
3. to be doing 进行式（后面有将来的时间出现才能使用）
4. to have done 完成式 （后面有过去的时间出现的时候才能使用）
5. to have been done 完成被动式（后面有过去的时间出现的时候才能使用）

2.常考固定搭配

1. be done to do.

(1). be said to do 据说
(2). be reported to do. 据报道
(3). be estimated to do. 据估值
(4). be supposed to do. 应该

经典例题：

:::info Many of his novels are reported _into several foreign languages last year. (2006-44)

A.to be translated
B.to have translated
C.being translated
D.to have been translated

分析be reported. to do. 据报道. 完成式后面跟上过去的时间 last year. 而完成式的语法为 to have done完成式 和 to have been done（完成被动式）.
小说和翻译之间用被动关系 :::

2.used短语、

（1） used to do 过去常常
（2）be /get used to doing. 习惯于
（3）be used to do. 被用来做……

经典例题

:::info

1. I used to drive__on the left in England, but I soon got used to driving_on the right in China. (2010-28)

A.to driving, to drive
B. to drive, to driving
C.to drive, to drive
D. to driving, to driving

分析 used to do. 过去常常，get used to doing. 习惯于，不定式的固定搭配 :::

:::info 2.When I was a child. I used __to the river and bathe in the evening. (2014-37)

A.to going
B. to go
C. go
D. going

分析 used to go. 过去常常 :::

3. but do 和 but to do

规则: 前有 do 后无 to
前无 do 后有to

注意：do指的是do动词（do dis does），不是任何动词原形；

常考句型

1.have nothing to do but do. 因为在but 前面有了一个do了，所以后面to就没了省去；
2.have no choice but to do. 因为在but前面无do，所以在后面把 to加上

3.Can’t help but do. 只能做某事.
4.Can’t help doing. 情不自禁的做某事.

典型例题：

:::info 1.That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _the police. (2010-36)

A. called in
B. calling in
C. call in
D. to call in

so ……… that ……..;如此以至于；

分析 but前面没有do后面要加to（前无do后有to）,为but to do :::

:::info

1. The departure time of the plane has been postponed ,so we have nothing to do now but __.(2006-11)

A. wait
B. to be waiting
C. to wait
D. waiting

departure 出发
deoarture time. 飞机起飞时间
postponed. 退迟

分析 在but 前面有一个助动词do，可知后面不加to，为 but do, 为 but to do; :::

3.不定式作状语

1.目的状语：表达一个强烈的目的.

典型例题

:::info __a solution to the problem of water shortage, we have to put all our efforts together.

A. To work out
B. Working out
C. Work out
D. Being worked out

shortage. 短缺
solution. 解决方案
Working out 锻炼，规划

分析 work out. 解决出，句意: _解决缺水问题，我们必须把所有我们一起努力。
表示一种强烈的目的，用不定式做状语 To work out. :::

2.结果状语

（1）.放于句中
（2）.to do前加only
（3）.出乎意料的不好结果
（4）.主动：only to do
被动：only to be done.

典型例题

:::info He hurried to the hospital ,only _his father had just died .2010-13

A.to tell
B. to be told
C.telling
D. told

hurry 匆忙

分析 only 后跟不定式 他匆匆赶到医院，只是 _ 他父亲刚刚去世
出乎意料不好的结果，这个结果被告诉，被动，only to be done. :::

4.不定式作宾补（vt + 宾语 + to do…..）

1. advise sb to do .建议某人做某事
2. allow sb to do. 允许某人做某事
3. ask sb to do. 请求/要求某人做某事
4. encourage sb to do. 鼓励某人做某事
5. force sb to do. 强迫某人做某事

   5.不定式做宾语 (vt + to do……)

1. can’t afford to. 负担不起
2. decide to do. =be determined to do……=make up one’s mind to do. 决定做某事
3. fail to do. 做某事失败（后跟不定式）反：succeed in doing. 成功做某事
4. intend to do. 打算做某事 【intend—-> n. intention (by intention = on purpose. 故意地)】tend to do. 趋向于…….，往往……
5. plan to do. 计划做某事
6. mean to do. 打算做某事. mean doing. 意味着.
7. meanage to do. 想法设法做某事. meanager. 管理者，经理； general manager. 总经理
8. offer to do. 主动提出做某事.
9. pretend to do. 假装做某事
10. promise to do. 承诺做某事
11. refuse to do. 拒绝做某事
12. forget to do. 忘记做某事 【 forget doing. 已经做过但是忘记已经做过了 】

典型例题：

:::info

1. I couldn’t understand why he pretended not to see mein the garden. (2006-12)

A. not to see me
B. not see me
C. to see me not
D. to see not me

pretend. 假装

分析 pretend 后跟不定式 pretend to do. 假装做某事。 prent to see me
非谓语的否定都是在最前面加not，放在最前面。 prent not to see me :::

:::info 2.I forgetto take__got umbrella with me when I left home for work. (2001-6)

A.take
B.to take
C. taking
D. took

umbrella.雨伞

分析 forget to do. 忘记做某事，不定式做宾语，forget doing. 已经做过但是忘记了（必须有上下问告诉了） :::

（二）动名词

答案设置

1. doing. 一般式
2. being done. 被动式
3. not doing. 否定形式
4. 逻辑主语 + doing.

动名词的逻辑主语

1. 逻辑主语 + not + doing

固定搭配

（一）1. It is no use doing. 做……没用

1. It is + 客观类形容词(important、necessary、easy、hard、difficult、complicated、possible、impossible) + for sb to do………

2. It is 主观类形容词adj.(形容人的，kind,considerate,clever、smart、stupid、silly) + of + sb to do ……..

3. It is no good doing. 做…..行不通

4. There is no point doing.做某事没意义,

经典例题

:::info It is no use __with him since he has made up his mind . (2010-30)

A.to argue
B.arguing
C. to be argued
D. argued

argue with sb. 与……争论
argue about sth. 争论某事
since. 因为（引导的原因状语从句）

分析动名词 固定搭配 It is no use doing. 做…….没用. make up…… mind. 下定决心做某事 :::

:::info There is no __arguing about it ,just do as you are told. (2005-30)

A.reason
B. way
C.point
D. meaning

argue about sth. 争论某事

分析固定搭配，There is no point doing.做某事没意义, :::

(三) spend time (in) doing(必考)

:::info 1.I like English and I spent every minute I can __English . (2011-22)

A. to study
B. studying
C.studied
D. study

分析关键词spent + 时间 后加 （in）doing sth.
但是can为情态动词，后加+do

spent 时间（every minute) + I can (定语从句)
补充句子
every mintue + 【（关系代词 which）I can (spare,腾出时间、精力. vt 及物动词，后跟宾语，由前面的wich充当）定语从句 】；
在定语从句当中，关系代词如果做宾语的话，是可以省略的，连同动词原形一块省略了。 :::

:::info 2.Judie spent one month writing__her term paper on Chinese poems. (2009-1)

A. to write
B. and worte
C. written
D.writing

term. 术语
paper. 论文

翻译：朱迪花了一个月的时间写了一篇关于中国诗歌的学期论文。

分析pent + 时间（one month）+ （in) doing :::

(四) 困难句型

1.have difficulty(.n) (in) doing. 做某事有困难

2.have trouble(.n) (in) doing. 做某事有麻烦.

3.have problem(.n) (in) doing. 走没事有困难

注意：否定在have 后加no

典型例题

:::info Many teenagers have no difficulty __in learing__computer. (2014-10)

A. to learn
B. learn
C. in learing
D. learned

分析 have no difficulty (in) doing. 困难句型，做某事没有困难 :::

扩展：否定词的用法

:::success no：放于名词前
not：放于实义动词前
I have no books.
I don’t have books. :::

to为介词的短语

to分为两种情况
（1）to do. 作为不定式
（2）to(介词) doing.

1. look forward to. 期待/希望做某事
2. get used to = be accustomed to. =be used to doing. 习惯于做某事
3. be addicted to. 沉迷于…….
4. object to . 反对做….. objection to. 无论是动词还是名词形式只有介词 to，后面都要跟动词的ing形式
5. lead to. 导致
6. pay attention to. 关注，注意 pay more attention to. 更多的关注…..(2015, 老师应该更多关注学生的差异； Teachers should pay more attention to students’ differences.)
7. stick to. 坚持 （专升本三个坚持，insist on(观点) + doing, persist in（行为或动作） +doing, stick to+抽象名词（dream，promise，belief）)
8. attend to sb. ① attend a meeting. 参加一个会议。 ②照顾某人( attend to sb= look after sb=take care of sb.)
9. contribute

1. when it comes to. 当谈论到. 是个句型
2. be simiar to. 与……相似
3. be familar to. 为…..所熟悉

1. thanks to. 多亏了（某人的帮助）
2. devote ….. to…. devote (后面跟的宾语) time/life（反身代词 oneself） to……. 把某人的时间/生命奉献出来
3. attribute…..to….. 归因于…….（成功）, 归咎于……(后面是失败）;
4. see to it that. 确保…..
5. adapt to. 适应…..,生长环境

18.prefer…..to…..

1. adjust oneself to =adapt onself to……. 使某人适应某种气候/环境/生活方式
2. owing to =because of. 由于……
3. access to. 使用…….权力
4. According to. 根据
5. belong to . 属于.
6. agree to. 同意 + advice （建议）/ suggestion（建议） / proposal （提议） + that（引导的同位语从句） _should do_
7. confess to doing. 坦白做过某事