第一部分

sort [sɔːt]

n. 种类,类别〈同 type〉
例 I like this sort of candy best.
我最喜欢这种糖果。
vt. 分类;挑选〈同 assort〉
例 The clerk sorted the invoices by their dates.
记账员按日期对发票进行分类。

sound [saʊnd]

n. 声音
例 Sound travels through air in waves about 1,115 feet(340 meters)per second.
声音以声波形式在空气中传播,速度约为每秒1,115英尺(340米)。
adj. 健全的,健康的;牢固的〈同 in good condition〉
例 His body is very sound considering his age.
就他的年龄而言,他的身体非常健康。

source [sɔːs]

n. 源头,来源〈同 beginning〉
例 The newspaper gets news from many sources.
报纸从许多来源获得新闻。

sow [saʊ]

v. 播种〈同 plant〉
例 The farmer sowed the field with wheat.
农民在田里播种小麦。

span [spæn]

n. 跨度;一段时间〈同 distance; duration〉
例 The span of the bridge is three miles.
这座桥的跨度有三英里。
vt. 跨越〈同 step over〉
例 The old man’s life spanned 90 years.
这个老人活了90岁。
联 wingspan n.【空】翼展

spare [spɛə(r)]

adj. 多余的,备用的〈同 extra〉
例 Have you got a spare pen? I’ve left all mine at home.
你有没有多余的钢笔?我把我的全都落在家里了。
v. 节约,节省〈同 save〉
例 The company appears to have spared no expense in designing and building the new shoe store.
公司为了设计和建造新鞋店似乎不惜成本。
联 sparing adj. 节俭的;保守的

spark [spɑːk]

n. 火花,火星〈同 flash〉
例 The burning wood threw off sparks.
燃烧的木头溅出火星。
v. 发动,激起〈同 bring about〉
例 The murder sparked off panic among the residents.
这件凶杀案在居民当中引起了恐慌。

specialize [ˈspeʃəlaɪz]

v. 专攻;使适应特殊情况;专门从事
例 She’s hired a lawyer who specializes in divorce cases.
她雇用了一位擅长离婚案的律师。
联 specialist n. 专家

specific [spəˈsɪfɪk]

adj. 具体的,特指的〈同 particular〉
例 Feathers are a feature specific to birds.
羽毛是鸟类专有的特征。
联 specifically adv. 特定地,明确地

specimen [ˈspesɪmən]

n. 标本,样品〈同 model, sample〉
例 As a geologist, she collects specimens of all kinds of rocks and minerals.
作为一名地质学家,她收集各种岩石和矿物的样本。

第二部分

sphere [sfɪə(r)]

n. 球体;范围;环境〈同 ball〉
例 We usually represent the earth as a sphere in pictures.
我们在图画里经常把地球描绘成球形。
联 spherical adj. 球的,球状的;hemisphere n. 半球;magnetosphere n. 磁气圈;lithosphere n.【地】岩石圈;photosphere n. 光球;hydrosphere n. 水圈;ionosphere n. 电离层;biosphere n. 生命层,生物圈

spill [spɪl]

v.(使)溢出,(使)溅出〈同 pour〉
例 The waitress spilled coffee on the customer.
女服务生把咖啡洒在了顾客身上。

spin [spɪn]

v. 旋转〈同 rotate〉
例 The top spins round.
陀螺旋转。

spiritual [ˈspɪrɪtʃʊəl]

adj. 精神上的
例 After years of living abroad, I feel that China is my true spiritual home.
经过多年的海外生活,我发现中国才是我真正的精神家园。

splendid [ˈsplendɪd]

adj. 壮丽的;辉煌的;极好的〈同 brilliant〉
例 The coronation of a new king or queen is a splendid affair, with much elaborate and brilliant ceremony.
新国王或女王的加冕仪式是一件非常精彩的盛事,有许多精心准备的华丽仪式。
联 splendor n. 壮丽;辉煌

split [splɪt]

v. 劈开,(使)裂开;分开〈同 cut; divide〉
例 The teacher split the children into three groups.
老师把孩子们分成了三个组。

spoil [spɔɪl]

v. ① 损坏;腐烂〈同 go bad〉
例 When milk spoils, it smells very bad.
牛奶一旦变质,会非常难闻。
② 宠坏,溺爱〈同 pamper〉
例 Mary spoiled her children with expensive toys.
玛丽用昂贵的玩具把孩子宠坏了。
联 spoilage n.(食物等)变质;损坏;unspoiled adj. 未损坏的

sponsor [ˈspɒnsə(r)]

n. 赞助者
例 All the major theatres now have sponsors, especially for high-cost productions.
现在所有大型剧院都有赞助商,尤其是高成本的作品。
vt. 赞助;资助〈同 support〉
例 The team is sponsored by JVC, so the players wear the letters “JVC” on their shirts.
这个团队得到了JVC公司的赞助,所以演员们都穿着印有JVC字母的衬衫。

spot [spɒt]

n. 地点,场所〈同 site〉
例 This looks like a nice spot for a picnic.
这里看起来是个不错的野餐地点。
v. 发觉,发现〈同 detect〉
例 The policeman spotted that I hadn’t got my seat belt on and signaled me to stop.
警察发现我没有系安全带,用动作示意我停车。
联 spotless adj. 没有污点的

spray [spreɪ]

n. 喷雾,飞沫
例 Can you feel the spray from the waterfall?
你能感觉到瀑布的水雾吗?
vt. 向…喷射,喷〈同 sprinkle〉
例 John sprayed insect poison on the plants.
约翰往植物上喷洒杀虫剂。

第三部分

spring [sprɪŋ]
n. 泉;弹簧
例 This bottled water comes from a spring in Wisconsin.
这瓶纯净水是来自威斯康星州的泉水。
vi. 跳,跃起〈同 jump〉
例 The waiting tiger sprang at its prey.
等待时机的老虎猛地扑向猎物。
联 springwater n. 泉水

spur [spɜː(r)]

n. 踢马刺
例 Dave drove his spurs into the sides of his horse to make it go faster.
戴夫用踢马刺刺马的两侧,让它跑得更快点。
vt. 刺激,鞭策〈同 stimulate〉
例 James is content with his success, but his wife keeps spurring him onto something “higher” or “better”.
詹姆斯满足于自己的成功,而他的妻子却不断激励他要追求“更高”或“更好”。

squeeze [skwiːz]

vt. 榨;挤进,塞进〈同 extract〉
例 Anne squeezed the orange to make orange juice.
安妮用力挤橘子,来制作橘子汁。

stable [ˈsteɪbəl]

adj. 稳定的;相对固定的〈同 fixed〉
例 Don’t lean on my desk! It’s not stable.
别靠在我的桌子上!这个桌子不稳。
联 unstable adj. 不牢固的,不稳定的;stability n. 稳定性;stabilize v. 使稳固;使稳定

stack [stæk]

vt. 堆积〈同 pile〉
例 She stacked the dishes in the sink because she did not have time to wash them.
她把盘子都堆在水槽里,因为她没时间洗。
n. 堆例 He buried himself in a stack of materials, searching for the data needed in support of his arguments.
他埋头在一堆资料里,寻找能支持他的论据的数据资料。

staff [stɑːf]

n. 全体职员;工作人员〈同 personnel〉
例 An airport’s staff are all the people who work at the airport.
机场的工作人员是指所有在机场工作的人。

stage [steɪʤ]

n. ① 舞台
例 The opera singer will return to the London stage this summer.
这位歌剧演唱家将在今年夏天重返伦敦舞台。
② 阶段,时期〈同 period〉
例 Tadpoles are frogs in an early stage of development.
蝌蚪是处于成长初期的青蛙。

stain [steɪn]

n. 污点,瑕疵〈同 blemish〉
例 Her one grade C was a stain on her good school report.
她有一门课得了C,这成了她良好学习成绩单上的一个污点。
联 stained adj. 污染的,玷污的;stainless adj. 纯洁的,无瑕疵的

stake [steɪk]

n. 赌注
例 He loved gambling and each time he lost he would double his stakes.
他沉迷于赌博,每次输钱后,都会再下双倍的赌注。

stale [steɪl]

adj. ① 不新鲜的;走了味的
例 Restaurants with few customers invariably serve stale food since they seldom replenish their stock.
顾客寥寥无几的餐厅总是提供一些不新鲜的食物,因为他们很少补充库存。
② 无趣味的,乏味的
例 They have been working together for over five years and they have both become a little stale.
他们在一起合作超过五年了,两人都感觉有些乏味了。

第四部分

standard [ˈstændəd]

n./adj. 标准(的)〈同 criteria; normal〉
例 The employees who didn’t meet the company standards were fired.
没达到公司标准的员工被解雇了。
联 standardized adj. 标准化的

starve [stɑːv]

vi. 挨饿〈同 hunger〉
例 A lot of people starved to death during the famine.
许多人在饥荒时期饿死了。
联 starvation n. 饥饿;饿死

statue [ˈstætjuː]

n. 雕像〈同 effigy〉
例 There’s a statue of the company’s founder in the main lobby.
在大厅里有一座公司创始人的雕像。

status [ˈsteɪtəs]

n. 状况;身份,地位〈同 identity〉
例 The success of her book has given her unexpected celebrity status.
她的书大获成功,这使她突然成了名人。

steady [ˈstedi]

adj. ① 稳的,牢固的〈同 stable〉
例 His parents were relieved when he got a steady job.
他找到一份稳定的工作后,他的父母如释重负。
② 持续的〈同 consistent〉
例 Senior executives said they needed to show steady improvements of the company’s financial condition to reassure the public.
高管人员称,他们需要证明公司财务状况有持续的改善,以打消公众的疑虑。

steak [steɪk]

n.(供煎、烤等的)肉;牛排
例 I ate a steak at the restaurant.
我在餐厅吃了块牛排。

steep [stiːp]

adj. 险峻的,陡峭的〈同 sharp〉
例 It’s a steep climb to the top of the mountain, but the view is worth it.
虽然登上山顶的路很陡,但迷人的风景绝对值得上去一看。

steer [stɪə(r)]

v. 驾驶,掌舵〈同 drive〉
例 Our garage door isn’t very wide and it’s quite difficult to steer the car through it.
我们车库的门不宽,要把汽车开进这道门相当困难。
联 steering n. 操纵,掌舵

stem [stem]

n.(植物的)茎〈同 stalk〉
例 I grabbed the weeds by their stems and pulled them from the ground.
我抓着野草的茎部,把它们从地里拔了出来。
vi. 来源于;由…造成(from)〈同 arise from〉
例 Hate sometimes stems from envy. 仇恨有时是由嫉妒造成的。

stick [stɪk]

n. 棍,棒;手杖〈同 rod〉
例 The children collected sticks and twigs for the fire.
孩子们收集木棍和细枝来生火。
v. ① 粘住,粘贴〈同 cement〉
例 These labels do not stick very well.
这些标签粘得不牢。
② 坚持(to)〈同 cling to〉
例 We have decided to stick to our previous plan.
我们决定坚持之前的计划。
联 sticky adj. 黏的,黏性的