第一部分

passive [ˈpæsɪv]

adj. 被动的;消极的〈同 compliant〉
例 It has been suggested that people who watch television incessantly may become overly passive.
有证据显示,不断看电视的人会变得过于被动。
联 passivity n. 被动性

paste [peɪst]

v. 粘贴
例 It took me several hours to paste all the wallpaper onto the wall.
我花了好几个小时才把所有壁纸贴在墙上。

patch [pætʃ]

n. 片,块;补丁〈同 expanse〉
例 The gardener planted a patch of roses.
园艺师种了一小片玫瑰。

pattern [ˈpætən]

n. 式样,图案〈同 design〉
例 The bright pattern of the monarch butterfly distracts its predators.
黑脉金斑蝶身上闪亮的图案会分散捕食者的注意力。

peace [piːs]

n. 和平,和睦
例 We enjoy the peace of the country.
我们很享受乡村的宁静。
联 peaceful adj. 和平的,安宁的

peculiar [pɪˈkjuːlɪə(r)]

adj. ①(人、地点、时间等)特有的,专有的〈同 special〉
例 I was longing to get home—a desire peculiar to all people who travel for quite a long time.
我盼望着回家——这是所有在外漂泊已久的人特有的一种渴望。
② 奇怪的,异常的〈同 odd, unusual〉
例 This peculiar behavior puzzles everyone who knows him.
他奇怪的行为让所有认识他的人迷惑不解。
联 peculiarity n. 特性;怪癖

penetrate [ˈpenətreɪt]

vt. 穿透;渗透〈同 go through〉
例 The bullet penetrated the victim’s chest and lodged itself just to the right of his heart.
子弹穿透了受害者的胸部,正好停在他心脏的右边。
联 penetrating adj. 敏锐的,尖锐的;penetration n. 穿透,渗透

perceive [pəˈsiːv]

vt. 感知;察觉,发觉;理解,认识〈同 sense; detect; know〉
例 The eyes perceive color and the ears perceive sound.
眼睛可以识别颜色,耳朵可以感知声音。
联 perceivable adj. 可感知的

performance [pəˈfɔːməns]

n. 履行;表演,演奏〈同 enactment; show〉
例 They gave a superb performance of Arthur Miller’s play The Crucible.
他们精彩地演绎了亚瑟·米勒的戏剧《萨勒姆的女巫》。

periodically [ˌpɪərɪˈɒdɪkəli]

adv. 周期性地;定时性地〈同 intermittently; routinely〉
例 Some materials periodically demonstrate unusual behavior when frozen.
个别材料在冷冻时会周期性地呈现出异常反应。

第二部分

permanent [ˈpɜːmənənt]

adj. 长久的,永久的〈同 everlasting〉
例 After he moved to the United States, he decided it would be permanent and he would not return to his hometown.
他搬到美国之后,便决定永远住在那里,再也不回他的家乡了。
联 permanence n. 永久,持久

permit [ˈpɜːmɪt]

n. 通行证,许可证〈同 license〉
例 Mary’s permit allows her to fish in the river.
玛丽有许可证,她可以在河里钓鱼。

permit [pəˈmɪt]

v. 许可,准许
例 I will go on Monday, if the weather permits.
如果天气允许,我周一就去。
联 permissive adj. 忍让的,宽容的;permission n. 许可,允许

persist [pəˈsɪst]

vi. 坚持;持续〈同 continue〉
例 He persisted in denying that he was at the scene of the crime although a number of people saw him there. 虽然有许多人看到他在犯罪现场,但他坚持否认。
联 persistence n. 坚持;persistent adj. 持续的

personal [ˈpɜːsənəl]

adj. ① 私人的,个人的〈同 individual, private〉
例 I bought a computer for my own personal use.
我买了一台电脑给自己用。
② 亲自的〈同 by oneself〉
例 The actress made a personal visit to a seriously ill fan of hers.
那位女演员亲自拜访了她的一位患重病的粉丝。

perspective [pəˈspektɪv]

n.(判断事物的)角度,方法,观点〈同 viewpoint〉
例 Perhaps in the long-term perspective of history, some events that seem very important now will prove minor.
从长期的历史角度来看,某些现在看起来很重要的事可能会变得微不足道。

persuade [pəˈsweɪd]

v. 说服,劝说,(使)相信〈同 convince〉
例 I knew I should study, but he persuaded me to go to the movie.
我知道我应该学习,但他说服我去看电影。
联 persuasive adj. 有说服力的;persuasion n. 说服;说服力

pessimistic [ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk]

adj. 悲观的,厌世的
例 I was pessimistic about passing the test because I hadn’t studied.
我对通过考试持悲观态度,因为我根本没学习。

phase [feɪz]

n. 阶段,状态〈同 stage〉
例 The three phases of matter are solid, liquid and gas.
物质的三种状态分别是固态、液态和气态。

physical [ˈfɪzɪkəl]

adj. 身体的;物质的
例 There’s an element of danger in any sport in which there is a lot of physical contact.
任何有大量身体接触的运动项目都有危险。
联 physician n. 内科医生

pillar [ˈpɪlə(r)]

n. 柱,柱子〈同 column〉
例 Sometimes a pillar stands alone as a monument.
有时候,一根单独立着的柱子就是一座纪念碑

第三部分

pillow [ˈpɪləʊ]

n. 枕头
例 My neck hurts because I slept without a pillow last night.
我脖子痛,因为我昨晚睡觉没枕枕头。

pilot [ˈpaɪlət]

n. 飞行员;领航员
例 The pilot steered the plane through thick clouds.
飞行员操控着飞机,穿过厚厚的云层。
v. 引导〈同 guide〉
例 The manager piloted us through the big factory.
经理带领我们参观这个大工厂。

pinch [pɪntʃ]

vt. 掐,夹痛〈同 clutch〉
例 As she was getting out of the car, she accidentally pinched her finger in the door.
她在下车的时候,不小心被车门夹了手指。

pit [pɪt]

n. 坑,地坑;煤矿〈同 cavity; mine〉
例 My dog dug a shallow pit in the back yard.
我的狗在后院挖了一个很浅的坑。
vt. 使对抗,使相斗〈同 confront〉
例 The winners of the semifinals will be pitted against each other.
半决赛的获胜者将展开巅峰对决。

plate [pleɪt]

n. 盘子;版图,大片平面〈同 dish; covering〉
例 Our food is served on plates.
我们的食物是用盘子盛的。
联 platelike adj. 层状的

platform [ˈplætfɔːm]

n.(车站)月台;平台;讲坛〈同 stage〉
例 The guards prevented the fans from climbing onto the platform where the famous singer was performing.
保安人员阻止粉丝爬上那名著名歌手表演的舞台。

plot [plɒt]

n.(小说的)情节,结构〈同 scenario〉
例 The TV show’s plot was so silly that I refused to finish watching it.
这个电视节目的情节太傻了,我不愿意继续把它看完了。
v. ① 绘图〈同 chart〉
例 The pilot plotted the plane’s course.
飞行员绘制出飞机的航线。
② 密谋〈同 make plans〉
例 The rebels plotted against the government.
反叛者密谋与政府对抗。

plug [plʌɡ]

n. 塞子;插头;插销
例 I put the plug in the drain to keep the water from running out of the bathtub.
我用塞子堵上排水口,这样水就不会从浴缸里流走了。

plunge [plʌnʤ]

v.(使)跳进;(使)投入,(使)陷入〈同 dive〉
例 The swimmer plunged into the pool.
那个游泳的人跳入了水池。

policy [ˈpɒləsi]

n. ① 政策
例 I can’t issue a refund without a receipt. It’s the store’s policy.
没有收据,我无法安排退款。这是商店的规定。
② 保险单
例 My fire insurance policy states that I shall receive $40,000 if my house burns down.
我的火灾保险单上说,如果我的房子被烧毁了,我将获得40,000美元的补偿。

第四部分

polish [ˈpɒlɪʃ]

vt. 擦亮〈同 shine〉
例 Ellen always polished her boyfriend’s shoes in order to please him.
埃伦为了取悦她的男朋友,经常给他擦鞋。
n. 光泽;上光剂〈同 shine; glaze〉
例 The polish of the furniture reflected our faces like a mirror.
家具的光泽像镜子般照出了我们的面孔。
联 polished adj. 擦亮的

pool [puːl]

v. 联合经营;共享
例 The only one way for us to overcome the difficulty is to pool our resources. 我们克服困难的唯一途径就是资源共享。

portable [ˈpɔːtəbəl]

adj. 便携的,手提式的;轻便的〈同 mobile〉
例 With the growing popularity of back-packing and hiking, all kinds of portable camping equipment is being sold.
随着背包旅行和徒步旅行的日益流行,各种便携式露营设备开始上市。

portrait [ˈpɔːtrɪt; ˈpɔːtrət]

n. 肖像,画像;描写
例 The queen posed for a portrait painted by a famous artist.
女王摆出一个姿势,让一名著名艺术家为她绘制肖像。
联 portraitist n. 肖像画家;portraiture n. 肖像画法;肖像

positive [ˈpɒzətɪv]

adj. ①【电】阳极的
例 An electric current can consist of charges that are positive, negative, or both.
电流中可能包含正电荷、负电荷,或两种电荷同时存在。
② 肯定的;积极的 〈同 definite〉
例 Nodding one’s head is a positive response.
点头是表示肯定的回答。

possess [pəˈzes]

vt. 占有,拥有 〈同 have〉
例 That businessman possesses more than five companies.
那个商人拥有超过五家公司。
联 possession n. 拥有,占有;财产

postpone [pəˈspəʊn]

vt. 推迟,使延期〈同 put off, delay〉
例 The meeting was postponed till next week.
会议被推迟到下周。

potential [pəˈtenʃəl]

adj. 可能的;潜在的〈同 possible〉
例 Destroying nuclear weapons reduces a potential threat to human survival.
销毁核武器可以减少人类生存所面临的潜在威胁。
联 potentially adv. 潜在地;potentiality n. 潜能,潜力

pour [pɔː(r)]

v. 灌注,倾泻
例 I poured the milk out of the bottle.
我把牛奶从瓶子里倒出来。

poverty [ˈpɒvəti]

n. 贫困〈同 destitution〉
例 There were very few jobs in the town, and many families lived in poverty.
这个城市没有太多的工作机会,许多家庭生活贫困。