第一部分

stiff [stɪf]

adj. ① 硬的,僵直的〈同 rigid〉
例 The sturdy box was made of stiff cardboard.
那个结实的盒子是用硬纸板做的。
②(态度、举止)拘谨的,呆板的〈同 restrained〉
例 John is shy and seems stiff, but if you get to know him, he is a lot of fun.
约翰很腼腆,看起来有点呆板,但你跟他熟悉之后就会发现他非常有趣。
联 stiffen vt. 使硬,使僵硬

stimulate [ˈstɪmjʊleɪt]

vt. 刺激,激励,激发〈同 encourage, motivate〉
例 The government plans to cut taxes in order to stimulate the economy.
政府计划实施减税,以刺激经济。
联 stimulation n. 激励,鼓舞;刺激;stimuli n.(stimulus的复数)刺激

sting [stɪŋ]

v. 刺;刺痛〈同 puncture〉
例 She wore gloves when she was gardening to prevent the nettles from stinging her.
她种植花木的时候会戴着手套,以避免被荨麻刺伤。

stock [stɒk]

n. ① 库存〈同 storage〉
例 It is now halfway through winter and food stocks are already low.
冬天才过去一半,食物库存量就已经很少了。
② 股票,股份
例 She buys and sells stocks and shares.
她买卖股票和股份。
adj. 普通的〈同 usual〉
例“Nobody is perfect” is Janet’s husband’s stock expression for whenever he makes a mistake.
“人无完人”是珍妮特的丈夫每次犯错时都会说的话。

stoop [stuːp]

v. 弯腰,屈背〈同 bend down〉
例 Bob stooped so he wouldn’t bump his head on the low eaves.
鲍勃俯下身,这样才不会被低矮的屋檐撞到头。

strain [streɪn]

n. ① 紧张;压力〈同 tension〉
例 The strain of meeting a daily deadline made the columnist very anxious.
每天都会遇到最后期限的压力,这让专栏作家非常紧张。
② 血统;物种〈同 breed〉
例 Scientists have discovered a new strain of virus which may be responsible for the disease.
科学家们发现了一种新的病毒,它可能是造成这种病的罪魁祸首。
vt. 过滤〈同 filter〉
例 Janet strained the particles from the chemical solution.
珍妮特从化学溶液中滤除微粒。

strap [stræp]

n. 带,皮带〈同 belt〉
例 Could you help me fasten the strap around my suitcase?
你能帮我系上手提箱上的皮带吗?

strategy [ˈstrætəʤi]

n. 策略,战略〈同 policy〉
例 The company will spend $6 million on the development of new products and sales strategies.
公司将投入600万美元,用于开发新产品和制定销售策略。
联 strategic adj. 战略的,战略上的

strengthen [ˈstreŋθən]

vt. 加强,巩固〈同 reinforce〉
例 The new constitution will further strengthen the powers of the president.
新章程将进一步加强总裁的权力。

stress [stres]

n. 重压,压力〈同 tension〉
例 Many heavy trucks put a lot of stress on the old bridge.
许多辆重型卡车给这座古老的大桥带来了许多压力。
vt. 着重,强调;重读〈同 emphasize〉
例 She has repeatedly stressed that the laboratory’s safety standards are the best in the country.
她不断强调,实验室的安全标准在全国是最高的。

第二部分

stretch [stretʃ]

v. 伸展,伸长〈同 extend〉
例 Anne stretched her arms wide and yawned.
安妮伸了伸胳膊,然后打了个哈欠。

strike [straɪk]

n. 罢工〈同 walk off the job〉
例 The union settled the strike when the management offered a fair contract.
在管理层提出签订一份公平的契约后,工会才平息了罢工。
v. 撞击;作用于〈同 hit〉
例 The ball struck me in the back.
球打在了我的后背上。
联 striking adj. 显著的,惊人的

string[strɪŋ]

n. 细绳,带子
例 The parcel had been damaged in the mail and was held together with string.
包裹在邮寄的过程中已经损坏了,用绳子捆在了一起。
联 strings n. 弦乐器

strip [strɪp]

vt. 剥夺;剥掉〈同 deprive〉
例 The vice president was stripped of her authority when the president found out she was a spy.
副总裁被剥夺了职权,因为总裁发现她是一个间谍。
n. 条,带〈同 ribbon〉
例 I used a strip of tape to stick the note to the wall.
我用一条胶带把便条粘在了墙上。

stripe [straɪp]

n. 斑纹,条纹〈同 band〉
例 The city worker painted yellow stripes down the middle of the road.
市政工人在马路中间刷上黄色条纹。
联 striped adj. 呈斑纹的,条纹的

stroke [strəʊk]

n. 一击〈同 blow〉
例 With one stroke of his ax, the woodchopper cut the pine tree down.
伐木工人一斧头就把松树砍倒了。

stuff [stʌf]

n. 材料;东西〈同 things; belongings〉
例 We’ll have to carry all our camping stuff when we walk, so only pack essentials.
我们去散步的时候不必带着所有露营装备,所以只带一些必需品就行了。
联 foodstuff n. 食料,食品;stuffed toy bear 填充玩具熊

style [staɪl]

n. 风格;时尚;文体〈同 way〉
例 It’s difficult to distinguish between the two artists by style since their works are so similar.
从风格上很难区分这两位艺术家,因为他们的作品太相似了。
联 stylized adj. 风格化的;程式化的;stylish adj. 时髦的,流行的

subject [ˈsʌbʤekt]

n. ① 题目,主题〈同 topic〉
例 I tried to explain the situation, but he just changed the subject.
我试图解释一下情况,但他却转移了话题。
② 科目,学科〈同 discipline〉
例 My favorite subjects at school were history and geography.
我上学时最喜欢的科目是历史和地理。
adj. 受…影响的;以…为条件的(to)〈同 depending on〉
例 Moving all the books should not take long, subject to there being enough helpers.
搬走所有的书应该用不了多长时间,因为给我们帮忙的人足够多。
联 subjective adj. 主观的;个人的

submarine [ˌsʌbməˈriːn; ˈsʌbməriːn]

n. 潜水艇,潜艇
例 Submarines can fire missiles at targets on land.
潜艇可以向陆上目标发射导弹。
adj. 水下的,海底的〈同 underwater〉
例 There are lots of submarine telephone cables under the sea.
海洋中有许多海底电话电缆。

第三部分

submerge [səbˈmɜːʤ]

v.(使)沉没,淹没〈同 sink〉
例 The coastal city was submerged by the flood.
那个海滨城市被洪水淹没了。

submit [səbˈmɪt]

v. ① 服从〈同 defer〉
例 Employees who refuse to submit to the authority of the boss are usually dismissed.
拒绝服从上司管理的员工通常会被开除。
② 提交,递交〈同 hand in, present〉
例 Applicants for the job are asked to submit their resumes.
这个职位的申请者被要求提交简历。
联 submission n. 屈服;呈交;submissive adj. 顺从的

subsequent [ˈsʌbsɪkwənt]

adj. 随后的,后来的〈同 following〉
例 The story will be continued in subsequent issues of the magazine.
这则故事将在随后几期杂志中连载。
联 subsequently adv. 随后;subsequence n. 结果;随后

substance [ˈsʌbstəns]

n. 物质;实质〈同 matter; essence〉
例 Celery contains a valuable chemical substance that helps lower blood pressure.
芹菜中包含一种珍贵的化学物质,有助于降低血压。

substantial [səbˈstænʃəl]

adj. 相当的,可观的〈同 large, significant〉
例 The politician won the election by a substantial number of votes.
那位政治家以相当多的票数赢得选举。
联 substantially adv. 相当多地,大大地

substitute [ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt; (US)ˈsʌbstɪtuːt]

vt. 代替〈同 replace〉
例 You can substitute vinegar for lemon juice in this recipe, but it does not taste quite as good.
你可以用醋代替这份菜谱中的柠檬汁,但味道尝起来略差一些。
n. 代替者,代替品〈同 replacement〉
例 Vitamin should not be used as a substitute for a healthy diet.
维生素不应该成为健康饮食的代替品。
联 substitution n. 代替;取代作用

subtraction [səbˈtrækʃən]

n. 减少;减法〈同 reduction〉
例 The subtraction of a number from a smaller number yields a negative number.
用一个较小的数字减去一个较大的数字会得到负数。
联 subtractive adj. 减去的;负的

succession [səkˈseʃən]

n. 系列,连续
例 Manchester scored three goals in quick succession.
曼彻斯特队接连进了三个球。
联 successor n. 继承者;后续的事物;successive adj. 连续的,依次的

suck [sʌk]

v. 吸,吮,吸取〈同 absorb〉
例 She was sitting on the grass sucking lemonade through a straw.
她坐在草地上,用吸管喝着柠檬水。

sufficient [səˈfɪʃənt]

adj. 足够的,充足的〈同 adequate〉
例 The banks have built up sufficient reserves to cope with the crisis.
为了应对危机,银行已经积累了充足的准备金。
联 sufficiently adv. 十分地,充分地;insufficient adj. 不足的,不够的

第四部分

suitable [ˈsuːtəbəl; ˈsjuːtəbəl]

adj. 适当的;相配的〈同 appropriate〉
例 My mother doesn’t like me wearing short skirts to church because she doesn’t think they’re suitable.
我妈妈不喜欢我穿短裙去教堂,因为她认为短裙在这样的场合不合适。

summary [ˈsʌməri]

n. 摘要,概要〈同 abstract〉
例 The author submitted a summary along with the complete manuscript.
作者提交了完整的原稿以及一份摘要。
联 summarize v. 概述,总结

sunset [ˈsʌnset]

n. 日落〈同 sundown〉
例 The fishermen set out at sunset for a night’s fishing.
渔民们在日落时出发,进行夜间捕鱼。

superficial [ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃəl; ˌsjuːpəˈfɪʃəl]

adj. 肤浅的,表面(上)的〈同 shallow〉
例 His kindness was all superficial. Janet exposed him for what he really was.
他的仁慈都是表面现象。珍妮特揭露了他的真实面目。
联 superficially adv. 表面上地

superior [suːˈpɪərɪə(r); sjuːˈpɪərɪə(r)]

adj. 较高的,上级的;较好的;优秀的
例 We chose her for the job because she was the superior candidate.
我们选择她来从事这份工作,是因为她是候选人中最出色的一位。
联 superiority n. 优越

supplement [ˈsʌplɪmənt]

n./vt. 增补,补充〈同 add, complement〉
例 Mary took a second job to supplement her income.
为了增加收入,玛丽找了第二份工作。
联 supplementary adj. 补充的;supplementation n. 增补,补充;supplemental adj. 补足的,追加的

supreme [suːˈpriːm; sjuːˈpriːm]

adj.(权力、级别或地位)至高的;最重要的〈同 highest〉
例 The former emperor of China was the supreme ruler of the country.
中国从前的皇帝都是国家的最高统治者。
联 supremely adv. 无上地,崇高地;supremacy n. 至高无上的权力;supremacist n. 至上主义者;Supreme Court 最高法院

surface [ˈsɜːfɪs]

n. 表面,外表;水面
例 A thin film of oil was floating on the surface of the sea.
海面上漂着薄薄的一层油。

surgery [ˈsɜːʤəri]

n. 外科;手术
例 The patient underwent eight hours of surgery on his heart.
患者经历了八个小时的心脏手术。
联 surgeon n. 外科医生

surrender [səˈrendə(r)]

v. ① 投降〈同 yield〉
例 They would rather die than surrender.
他们宁死不降。
② 交出;放弃〈同 give up〉
例 The drunken driver surrendered his license.
那位酒驾司机被吊销了驾照。