Atlantic Charter August 14, 1941

German success in SU

German domination in Europe

War going poorly for the Allied side

US & UK common principles

  • democracy, free election,

charter information:

  1. no seeking of aggrandizement
  2. no territorial changes without consents for people’s wishes
  3. self-elected government, self-determination
  4. free trade
  5. collaboration and economic, social security
  6. freedom for people living on their free will
  7. free access to the sea
    1. UK royal army can no longer control the sea

      Long Telegram 22 February 1946

      George Kennan - Mr. X

SU weaknesses:

  • SU insecurity rooted from its geography and lack of kind neighbors
    • SU leaders insecure - neurotic
      • geography - steppe / tundra
        • easy to invade
      • original Russians are Slavs
        • e.g. Slovak, Czech, Ukrainian, etc.
      • “archaic in form, fragile and artificial in its psychological foundation”
        • use external fear to rule Russia in a medieval way
    • Eurasian blood
      • Slavs + Mongolian
  • SU leaders want to isolate foreign ideas
    • military / ideological penetration
      • take Poland for buffer zone
      • dislike Western views infiltrating the system
  • no real and objective picture of the outer world
    • even the leaders
  • SU challenge:
    • control faraway lands failed under tsarism
    • test of successive transfer of power
    • less fervor for communist ideology but about the central gov.
  • internal security dictates external policies
    • depict rival to ally morale
  • directed by force
    • thus easily threatened by strong force
  • SU unable to counter whole Western World

combination of Russian old rule with Marxism

  • traditional Russian despotism
    • expansionist
    • imperialistic
    • needs an enemy
    • external policies dictated by internal policies
  • Marxism
    • international revolution
    • imperialism in a cooperative way
    • inspirational
    • under Lenin
      • waves of inspirational movements, e.g. Marxist Feminism and the increasing feminine freedom
    • under Stalin
      • Marxist freedom reduced, less inspirational
        • but can sell the inspirations to other countries e.g. Korea & Vietnam
  • Marx - 1848 - Communist manifesto
    • Marx: this is specific for Germany!
  • “conspiracy within a conspiracy”
    • 1st conspiracy - Bolsheviks and communism
      • not allowed
      • underground
    • 2nd conspiracy - to take the 1st conspiracy and make it all over the world
      • secret police
    • expert at secretly trying to overthrow the gov.
  • Stalin
    • opportunism <-> SU attitude = opportunistic
    • no strategies but opportunities to goal
    • opportunistic to rise to power
    • died with his guards fearing to enter

SU propaganda

  • internal
    • cult of personality
    • Glory (Slava)
    • portrays US & Westerners as the ultimate enemy
  • external

SU less of a threat & able to handle without military open fire

  • containment - SU only respecting force
    • calling for Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

US steps to do

  1. understand the nature of SU and what US is dealing with
    1. not be emotionally provoked
    2. don’t induce fear in the public
  2. provide reality of situations
    1. show US courage to face the challenge
    2. nothing to lose
  3. health and vigor of society
    1. internal prosperity = diplomatic victory
    2. keep high morale
    3. keep the American principles true, don’t become like the SU and be repressive
  4. envisage a world better and safer than what came under the US
    1. appeal to Europeans looking for security, not freedom
  5. courage and self-confidence

1949 - television allowed

  • radios and televisions
    • ~ American non-profit radio channels for propaganda

Marshall Plan

  • people in the people less pursuing freedom but security

Comment on the results of the decisions made by Yalta Conference

by Frank Januszewski (Polish)

  • diaspora
    • Jews diaspora by Egyptians

blaming US for allowing SU aggressions

  • a test case for SU more aggressions
    • seeing that US not really countering it
  • for allowing US poral, juridical, poitical,s trategical, and economical domination
  • or else destruction of Western culture and takeover by barbarism
    • blaming ‘containment’ for allowing spread of communism

Yalta

  • settlements on Polish border

tone: accusatory

Secretary of state James Byrnes’ speech on Germany’s future September 6, 1946

Morganthan Plan

  • deindustrialization of Germany into a permanent agrarian country

J. Edgar Hoover

first director of FBI

Former vice-president Henry A. Wallace

Soviet-friendly politician

mutual trust in the two states

  • not Moscow control of everything
  • peace requires giving up of something and accepting something

what SU simply want

  • safety and spheres of influence

Truman Doctrine

to protect Greece and Turkey and any countries threatened by control of external force

  • nuclear missiles in Turkey
  • Turkey blocks SU access to warm water ports