实例要求
- Http 协议是无状态的,浏览器和服务器间的请求响应一次,下一次会重新创建连接。
- 要求:实现基于 WebSocket 的长连接的全双工的交互
- 改变 Http 协议多次请求的约束,实现长连接了,服务器可以发送消息给浏览器
- 客户端浏览器和服务器端会相互感知,比如服务器关闭了,浏览器会感知,同样浏览器关闭了,服务器会感知
代码演示
MyServer服务端
```java import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler; import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel; import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler; import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
public class MyServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//创建两个线程组EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); //8个NioEventLooptry {ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup);serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);serverBootstrap.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO));serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {@Overrideprotected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();//因为基于http协议,使用http的编码和解码器pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());//是以块方式写,添加ChunkedWriteHandler处理器pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());/*说明1. http数据在传输过程中是分段, HttpObjectAggregator ,就是可以将多个段聚合2. 这就就是为什么,当浏览器发送大量数据时,就会发出多次http请求*/pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(8192));/*说明1. 对应websocket ,它的数据是以 帧(frame) 形式传递2. 可以看到WebSocketFrame 下面有六个子类3. 浏览器请求时 ws://localhost:7000/hello 表示请求的uri4. WebSocketServerProtocolHandler 核心功能是将 http协议升级为 ws协议 , 保持长连接5. 是通过一个 状态码 101*/pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/hello2"));//自定义的handler ,处理业务逻辑pipeline.addLast(new MyTextWebSocketFrameHandler());}});//启动服务器ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(7000).sync();channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();} finally {bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();}}
}
<a name="OmlZe"></a>### MyTextWebSocketFrameHandler 处理器```javaimport io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;import java.time.LocalDateTime;//这里 TextWebSocketFrame 类型,表示一个文本帧(frame)public class MyTextWebSocketFrameHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {@Overrideprotected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {System.out.println("服务器收到消息 " + msg.text());//回复消息ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("服务器时间" + LocalDateTime.now() + " " + msg.text()));}//当web客户端连接后, 触发方法@Overridepublic void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {//id 表示唯一的值,LongText 是唯一的 ShortText 不是唯一System.out.println("handlerAdded 被调用" + ctx.channel().id().asLongText());System.out.println("handlerAdded 被调用" + ctx.channel().id().asShortText());}@Overridepublic void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {System.out.println("handlerRemoved 被调用" + ctx.channel().id().asLongText());}@Overridepublic void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {System.out.println("异常发生 " + cause.getMessage());ctx.close(); //关闭连接}}
hello HTML页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
var socket;
//判断当前浏览器是否支持websocket
if(window.WebSocket) {
//go on
socket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:7000/hello2");
//相当于channelReado, ev 收到服务器端回送的消息
socket.onmessage = function (ev) {
var rt = document.getElementById("responseText");
rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + ev.data;
}
//相当于连接开启(感知到连接开启)
socket.onopen = function (ev) {
var rt = document.getElementById("responseText");
rt.value = "连接开启了.."
}
//相当于连接关闭(感知到连接关闭)
socket.onclose = function (ev) {
var rt = document.getElementById("responseText");
rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + "连接关闭了.."
}
} else {
alert("当前浏览器不支持websocket")
}
//发送消息到服务器
function send(message) {
if(!window.socket) { //先判断socket是否创建好
return;
}
if(socket.readyState == WebSocket.OPEN) {
//通过socket 发送消息
socket.send(message)
} else {
alert("连接没有开启");
}
}
</script>
<form onsubmit="return false">
<textarea name="message" style="height: 300px; width: 300px"></textarea>
<input type="button" value="发生消息" onclick="send(this.form.message.value)">
<textarea id="responseText" style="height: 300px; width: 300px"></textarea>
<input type="button" value="清空内容" onclick="document.getElementById('responseText').value=''">
</form>
</body>
</html>
运行页面

