Velero 是一个提供 Kubernetes 集群和持久卷的备份、迁移以及灾难恢复等的开源工具。
安装
从 https://github.com/heptio/velero/releases 下载最新的稳定版。
以 Azure 为例,安装 Velero 需要以下步骤:
(1) 创建存储账户
AZURE_BACKUP_RESOURCE_GROUP=Velero_Backupsaz group create -n $AZURE_BACKUP_RESOURCE_GROUP --location WestUSAZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID="velero$(uuidgen | cut -d '-' -f5 | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]')"az storage account create \--name $AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID \--resource-group $AZURE_BACKUP_RESOURCE_GROUP \--sku Standard_GRS \--encryption-services blob \--https-only true \--kind BlobStorage \--access-tier HotBLOB_CONTAINER=veleroaz storage container create -n $BLOB_CONTAINER --public-access off --account-name $AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID
(2)创建 service principal
AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP=<NAME_OF_RESOURCE_GROUP>AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID=`az account list --query '[?isDefault].id' -o tsv`AZURE_TENANT_ID=`az account list --query '[?isDefault].tenantId' -o tsv`AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET=`az ad sp create-for-rbac --name "velero" --role "Contributor" --query 'password' -o tsv`AZURE_CLIENT_ID=`az ad sp list --display-name "velero" --query '[0].appId' -o tsv`cat << EOF > ./credentials-veleroAZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID=${AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID}AZURE_TENANT_ID=${AZURE_TENANT_ID}AZURE_CLIENT_ID=${AZURE_CLIENT_ID}AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET=${AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET}AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP=${AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP}EOF
(3)启动 Velero
velero install \--provider azure \--bucket $BLOB_CONTAINER \--secret-file ./credentials-velero \--backup-location-config resourceGroup=$AZURE_BACKUP_RESOURCE_GROUP,storageAccount=$AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID \--snapshot-location-config apiTimeout=<YOUR_TIMEOUT>
备份
创建定期备份:
velero schedule create <SCHEDULE NAME> --schedule "0 7 * * *"
灾难恢复
# Update your backup storage location to read-only modekubectl patch backupstoragelocation <STORAGE LOCATION NAME> \--namespace velero \--type merge \--patch '{"spec":{"accessMode":"ReadOnly"}}'# Create a restore with your most recent Velero Backupvelero restore create --from-backup <SCHEDULE NAME>-<TIMESTAMP># When ready, revert your backup storage location to read-write modekubectl patch backupstoragelocation <STORAGE LOCATION NAME> \--namespace velero \--type merge \--patch '{"spec":{"accessMode":"ReadWrite"}}'
迁移
首先,在集群 1 中创建备份(默认 TTL 是 30 天,你可以使用 —ttl 来修改):
velero backup create <BACKUP-NAME>
然后,为集群 2 配置 BackupStorageLocations 和 VolumeSnapshotLocations,指向与集群 1 相同的备份和快照路径,并确保 BackupStorageLocations 是只读的(使用 —access-mode=ReadOnly)。接下来,稍微等一会(默认的同步时间为 1 分钟),等待 Backup 对象创建成功。
# The default sync interval is 1 minute, so make sure to wait before checking.# You can configure this interval with the --backup-sync-period flag to the Velero server.velero backup describe <BACKUP-NAME>
最后,执行数据恢复:
velero restore create --from-backup <BACKUP-NAME>velero restore getvelero restore describe <RESTORE-NAME-FROM-GET-COMMAND>
