2、登入微博

import re
import time
import base64
import rsa
import json
import requests
from binascii import b2a_hex
class WeiboLogin(object):
    def __init__(self, username, pwd):
        self.username = username
        self.pwd = pwd
        self.url = "https://login.sina.com.cn/sso/login.php?client=ssologin.js(v1.4.19)"
        self.headers = {
            'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
            'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
            'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
            'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
            'Connection': 'keep-alive',
            'Content-Length': '651',
            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
            'Host': 'login.sina.com.cn',
            'Origin': 'https://weibo.com',
            'Pragma': 'no-cache',
            'Referer': 'https://weibo.com/',
            'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'iframe',
            'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
            'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'cross-site',
            'Sec-Fetch-User': '?1',
            'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.135 Safari/537.36',
        }
        self.session = requests.Session()
    def get_prelogin(self, su):
        """获取登入前请求所得的响应，该响应中包含登入时所需要的参数"""
        url = 'https://login.sina.com.cn/sso/prelogin.php'
        # 获取当前毫秒时间戳
        ts = str(int(time.time()*1000))
        params = {
            'entry': 'weibo',
            'callback': 'sinaSSOController.preloginCallBack',
            'su': su,
            'rsakt': 'mod',
            'client': 'ssologin.js(v1.4.19)',
            '_': ts,
        }
        res = requests.get(url, params=params)
        # 返回的数据是普通文本类型，而非json类型，通过正则取出，并将其由str类型转为dict类型
        pattern = r'{.*?}'
        data = re.search(pattern, res.text).group()
        data_dict = json.loads(data)
        servertime = data_dict.get("servertime")
        nonce = data_dict.get("nonce")
        rsakv = data_dict.get("rsakv")
        pubkey = data_dict.get("pubkey")
        exectime = data_dict.get("exectime")
        # prelt是指预登入时所用时间，单位是毫秒
        prelt = int(time.time() * 1000) - int(ts) - exectime
        pcid = data_dict.get('pcid')
        return servertime, nonce, rsakv, pubkey, prelt, pcid
    def get_su(self, username):
        """生成通过base64编码后的用户名"""
        su = base64.b64encode(username.encode()).decode()
        return su
    def get_sp(self, servertime, nonce, pubkey):
        """生成通过rsa加密后的密码"""
        # 按照规则生成公钥
        rsa_pubkey = rsa.PublicKey(int(pubkey, 16), int('10001', 16))
        # rsa加密的是在pwd前拼接了servertime和nonce两个参数的字符，而不仅是pwd
        message = str(servertime) + '\t' + nonce + '\n' + self.pwd
        # 加密，得到的是字节类型数据
        res = rsa.encrypt(message.encode(), rsa_pubkey)
        # 返回其16进制的表现形式
        sp = b2a_hex(res).decode()
        return sp
    def get_post_data(self):
        """构造登入时需要提交的表单参数"""
        su = self.get_su(self.username)
        servertime, nonce, rsakv, pubkey, prelt, pcid = self.get_prelogin(su)
        sp = self.get_sp(servertime, nonce, pubkey)
        form_data = {
            'entry': 'weibo',
            'gateway': '1',
            'from': '',
            'savestate': '0',
            'qrcode_flag': 'false',
            'useticket': '1',
            'pagerefer': '',
            'vsnf': '1',
            'su': su,
            'service': 'miniblog',
            'servertime': servertime,
            'nonce': nonce,
            'pwencode': 'rsa2',
            'rsakv': rsakv,
            'sp': sp,
            'sr': '1536*864',
            'encoding': 'UTF-8',
            'prelt': prelt,
            'url': 'https://weibo.com/ajaxlogin.php?framelogin=1&callback=parent.sinaSSOController.feedBackUrlCallBack',
            'returntype': 'META',
        }
        return form_data
    def get_redirect_url(self, res):
        """使用re获取去响应中要跳转的url, url为空表示登入出现问题"""
        pattern = r"location.replace\([\"\'](.*?)[\"\']\)"
        url = re.search(pattern, res.text)
        if url:
            return url.group(1)
        return url
    def get_errno(self, url1, res):
        """获取去登入失败的状态码，以判断登入失败的原因"""
        errno_dict = {
            4038: "登录次数过于频繁",
            4049: "请填写验证码",
            4010: "帐号尚未激活",
            4090: "此帐号未激活，请登录原帐号",
            5024: "请填写正确的微盾动态码",
            5025: "动态码有误，请重新输入",
            5: "尚未注册微博",
            101: "用户名或密码错误",
            4098: "您的帐号还没有设置密码，为方便登录请",
            9999: "当前网络超时，请稍后再试",
            2071: "您已开启登录保护，请扫码登录"
        }
        pattern = r"{.*?}"
        data = re.search(pattern, res.text)
        if data:
            data = data.group()
            errno = json.loads(data).get('errno')
            errno_msg = errno_dict.get(int(errno))
            print(errno, errno_msg)
            return errno
        else:
            print('重定向时请求头headers1中的cookie已过期, 请在浏览器中访问下面的url，复制请求头中的cookie添加到headers1')
            print(url1)
    def get_login_res(self, form_data):
        """一共跳转3次到最后的登入后的微博首页"""
        res = self.session.post(self.url, headers=self.headers, data=form_data)
        url1 = self.get_redirect_url(res)
        res1 = self.session.get(url1)
        url2 = self.get_redirect_url(res1)
        if not url2:
            # url2为空，则表示登入时出现问题
            print('跳转失败')
            headers1 = {
                'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
                'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
                'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
                'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
                'Connection': 'keep-alive',
                'Host': 'weibo.com',
                'Pragma': 'no-cache',
                'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'document',
                'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
                'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'none',
                'Sec-Fetch-User': '?1',
                'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
                'Cookie': '',
                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.135 Safari/537.36',
            }
            res1 = self.session.get(url1, headers=headers1)
            errno = self.get_errno(url1, res1)
        else:
            # url2不为空则继续跳转
            print('跳转成功')
            res2 = self.session.get(url2)
            url3 = 'https://weibo.com'
            res3 = self.session.get(url3)
            if '我的首页 微博-随时随地发现新鲜事' in res3.text:
                print('登入成功')
            else:
                print('登入失败')
            with open('weibo.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                f.write(res3.text)
    def run(self):
        # 构造postdata表单数据
        form_data = self.get_post_data()
        # 发送登入请求,登入成功后请求登入才能访问的页面并返回
        self.get_login_res(form_data)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    username = ''
    pwd = ''
    weiboLogin = WeiboLogin(username, pwd)
    weiboLogin.run()