语法格式

alias cmdalias=’command [option] [argument]’

  1. alias是个内部命令
  2. [root@kedacom test]# type alias
  3. alias 是 shell 内嵌

查看定义的别名

  1. [root@kedacom test]# alias
  2. alias cp='cp -i'
  3. alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
  4. alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
  5. alias grep='grep --color=auto'
  6. alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto'
  7. alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'
  8. alias ls='ls --color=auto'
  9. alias mv='mv -i'
  10. alias rm='rm -i'
  11. alias which='alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'

定义别名

查看eth0网卡的信息，使用ifconfig eth0

  1. [root@kedacom test]# ifconfig eth0
  2. eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
  3.         inet 172.16.248.63  netmask 255.255.248.0  broadcast 172.16.255.255
  4.         ether 00:14:10:29:9a:4b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
  5.         RX packets 15329477  bytes 1974923289 (1.8 GiB)
  6.         RX errors 0  dropped 205695  overruns 0  frame 0
  7.         TX packets 12939800  bytes 1904590364 (1.7 GiB)
  8.         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
  9.         device memory 0x9d400000-9d41ffff

定义别名代替ifconfig eth0

  1. #定义别名if1
  2. [root@kedacom test]# alias if1='ifconfig eth0'
  3. #使用if1命令
  4. [root@kedacom test]# if1
  5. eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
  6.         inet 172.16.248.63  netmask 255.255.248.0  broadcast 172.16.255.255
  7.         ether 00:14:10:29:9a:4b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
  8.         RX packets 15342286  bytes 1976226430 (1.8 GiB)
  9.         RX errors 0  dropped 205913  overruns 0  frame 0
  10.         TX packets 12949890  bytes 1905725209 (1.7 GiB)
  11.         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
  12.         device memory 0x9d400000-9d41ffff  
  13. #查看当前别名
  14. [root@kedacom test]# alias
  15. alias cp='cp -i'
  16. alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
  17. alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
  18. alias grep='grep --color=auto'
  19. alias if1='ifconfig eth0'
  20. alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto'
  21. alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'
  22. alias ls='ls --color=auto'
  23. alias mv='mv -i'
  24. alias rm='rm -i'
  25. alias which='alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'

定义别名与原命令同名

  1. [root@kedacom test]# alias ifconfig='ifconfig eth0'
  2. [root@kedacom test]# ifconfig
  3. eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
  4.         inet 172.16.248.63  netmask 255.255.248.0  broadcast 172.16.255.255
  5.         ether 00:14:10:29:9a:4b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
  6.         RX packets 15347703  bytes 1976770705 (1.8 GiB)
  7.         RX errors 0  dropped 206003  overruns 0  frame 0
  8.         TX packets 12954140  bytes 1906202629 (1.7 GiB)
  9.         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
  10.         device memory 0x9d400000-9d41ffff

此时，若需使原命令生效，使用\ifconfig

  1. [root@kedacom test]# \ifconfig
  2. eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
  3.         inet 172.16.248.63  netmask 255.255.248.0  broadcast 172.16.255.255
  4.         ether 00:14:10:29:9a:4b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
  5.         RX packets 15349358  bytes 1976933725 (1.8 GiB)
  6.         RX errors 0  dropped 206031  overruns 0  frame 0
  7.         TX packets 12955456  bytes 1906350723 (1.7 GiB)
  8.         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
  9.         device memory 0x9d400000-9d41ffff  
  11. lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
  12.         inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
  13.         loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
  14.         RX packets 7905880  bytes 773861846 (738.0 MiB)
  15.         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
  16.         TX packets 7905880  bytes 773861846 (738.0 MiB)
  17.         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

别名生效时期

临时生效

通过alias命令生成的别名，只在当前shell中生效，新shell或关闭当前shell后重新连接则无法使用定义的别名

永久生效

通过更改当前用户主目录的隐藏文件.bashrc 可使别名永久生效

  1. [root@kedacom test]# pwd
  2. /opt/test
  3. #切换至当前用户的主目录
  4. [root@kedacom test]# cd
  5. [root@kedacom ~]# pwd
  6. /root
  7. [root@kedacom ~]# ls
  8. conf  logs
  9. #前面带.的是隐藏文件，通过ls -a可查看
  10. [root@kedacom ~]# ls -a 
  11. .   .bash_history  .bash_profile  .cache  .config  .java  .mysql_history     .rediscli_history  .tcshrc
  12. ..  .bash_logout   .bashrc        conf    .cshrc   logs   .oracle_jre_usage  .rnd

查看.bashrc 文件内容，包含别名的配置

  1. [root@kedacom ~]# cat .bashrc 
  2. # .bashrc
  4. # User specific aliases and functions
  6. alias rm='rm -i'
  7. alias cp='cp -i'
  8. alias mv='mv -i'
  10. # Source global definitions
  11. if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
  12.     . /etc/bashrc
  13. fi

将命令添加到用户环境配置文件.bashrc，使用vi .bashrc编辑，输入i进入编辑模式，添加alias ifconfig=’ifconfig eth0’后，输入esc键，输入:wq

若需要使别名所有用户都生效，则编辑/etc/bashrc配置文件。

删除别名

unalias 别名名称

  1. [root@kedacom kedacom]# alias
  2. alias cp='cp -i'
  3. alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
  4. alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
  5. alias grep='grep --color=auto'
  6. alias if1='ifconfig eth0'
  7. alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto'
  8. alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'
  9. alias ls='ls --color=auto'
  10. alias mv='mv -i'
  11. alias rm='rm -i'
  12. alias which='alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'
  13. #删除别名if1
  14. [root@kedacom kedacom]# unalias if1
  15. [root@kedacom kedacom]# alias
  16. alias cp='cp -i'
  17. alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
  18. alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
  19. alias grep='grep --color=auto'
  20. alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto'
  21. alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'
  22. alias ls='ls --color=auto'
  23. alias mv='mv -i'
  24. alias rm='rm -i'
  25. alias which='alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'