概要
英文全称:list
功能:列出目录中的所有文件
[root@kedacom dev]# ls --help用法:ls [选项]... [文件]...List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.-a, --all 不隐藏任何以. 开始的项目-A, --almost-all 列出除. 及.. 以外的任何项目--author 与-l 同时使用时列出每个文件的作者-b, --escape 以八进制溢出序列表示不可打印的字符--block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,'--block-size=M' prints sizes in units of1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below-B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of lastmodification of file status information);with -l: show ctime and sort by name;otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first-C list entries by columns--color[=WHEN] colorize the output; WHEN can be 'never', 'auto',or 'always' (the default); more info below-d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents-D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries--file-type likewise, except do not append '*'--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso-g 类似-l,但不列出所有者--group-directories-firstgroup directories before files;can be augmented with a --sort option, but anyuse of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping-G, --no-group 以一个长列表的形式,不输出组名-h, --human-readable 与-l 一起,以易于阅读的格式输出文件大小(例如 1K 234M 2G)--si 同上面类似,但是使用1000 为基底而非1024-H, --dereference-command-linefollow symbolic links listed on the command line--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dirfollow each command line symbolic linkthat points to a directory--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN(overridden by -a or -A)--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:none (default), slash (-p),file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)-i, --inode print the index number of each file-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN-k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage-l 使用较长格式列出信息-L, --dereference 当显示符号链接的文件信息时,显示符号链接所指示的对象而并非符号链接本身的信息-m 所有项目以逗号分隔,并填满整行行宽-n, --numeric-uid-gid 类似 -l,但列出UID 及GID 号-N, --literal 输出未经处理的项目名称 (如不特别处理控制字符)-o 类似 -l,但不列出有关组的信息-p, --indicator-style=slash 对目录加上表示符号"/"-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters--show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape-r, --reverse 逆序排列-R, --recursive 递归显示子目录-s, --size 以块数形式显示每个文件分配的尺寸-S sort by file size--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of defaultmodification time: atime or access or use (-u)ctime or status (-c); also use specified timeas sort key if --sort=time--time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT;FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'; if FORMATis FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 appliesto non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix-', STYLEtakes effect only outside the POSIX locale-t sort by modification time, newest first-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8-u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time;with -l: show access time and sort by name;otherwise: sort by access time-U do not sort; list entries in directory order-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text-w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value-x list entries by lines instead of by columns-X sort alphabetically by entry extension-1 list one file per lineSELinux options:--lcontext Display security context. Enable -l. Lineswill probably be too wide for most displays.-Z, --context Display security context so it fits on mostdisplays. Displays only mode, user, group,security context and file name.--scontext Display only security context and file name.--help 显示此帮助信息并退出--version 显示版本信息并退出SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Unitsare K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).使用色彩来区分文件类型的功能已被禁用,默认设置和 --color=never 同时禁用了它。使用 --color=auto 选项,ls 只在标准输出被连至终端时才生成颜色代码。LS_COLORS 环境变量可改变此设置,可使用 dircolors 命令来设置。退出状态:0 正常1 一般问题 (例如:无法访问子文件夹)2 严重问题 (例如:无法使用命令行参数)GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>请向<http://translationproject.org/team/zh_CN.html> 报告ls 的翻译错误要获取完整文档,请运行:info coreutils 'ls invocation'
带通配符
[root@kedacom dev]# ls fd*0 1 2 3[root@kedacom dev]# ls std*stderr stdin stdout
列出指定目录
[root@kedacom dev]# ls /home/es kedacom lisi wang zhang
-l 长格式显示
[root@kedacom dev]# ls -l /home/总用量 0drwx------ 3 es es 76 3月 25 2021 esdrwx------ 4 kedacom root 277 1月 31 21:58 kedacomdrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 2月 1 14:19 lisidrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 2月 1 14:19 wangdrwxr-xr-x 5 root root 33 2月 1 14:19 zhang
-a 全部文件和目录
[root@kedacom ~]# ls -l /home/kedacom/
总用量 650348
-rw-r--r-- 1 kedacom root 6053 1月 31 21:58 all
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19555 12月 31 13:32 choujian1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1204176 12月 31 11:13 choujian_per.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 kedacom root 745 1月 31 21:54 error
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43254688 10月 18 17:31 iau
-rw-r--r-- 1 kedacom root 5308 1月 31 21:54 out
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 131447710 12月 23 12:21 slave_exe_install.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 431057610 12月 23 12:21 spot_check_system.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 tcpdump tcpdump 58942461 4月 16 2021 tsu.pcap
#-a显示所有文件,包含隐藏文件,例如:.bash_history .bash_logout等
[root@kedacom ~]# ls -l -a /home/kedacom/
总用量 650364
drwx------ 4 kedacom root 277 1月 31 21:58 .
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 68 2月 1 14:19 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 kedacom root 6053 1月 31 21:58 all
-rw------- 1 kedacom root 1506 1月 31 23:16 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 kedacom root 18 1月 7 2019 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 kedacom root 193 1月 7 2019 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 kedacom root 231 1月 7 2019 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x 3 kedacom root 18 4月 15 2021 .cache
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19555 12月 31 13:32 choujian1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1204176 12月 31 11:13 choujian_per.log
drwxr-xr-x 3 kedacom root 18 4月 15 2021 .config
-rw-r--r-- 1 kedacom root 745 1月 31 21:54 error
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43254688 10月 18 17:31 iau
-rw-r--r-- 1 kedacom root 5308 1月 31 21:54 out
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 131447710 12月 23 12:21 slave_exe_install.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 431057610 12月 23 12:21 spot_check_system.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 tcpdump tcpdump 58942461 4月 16 2021 tsu.pcap
-R 递归显示
[root@kedacom ~]# ls -R /home/
/home/:
es kedacom lisi wang zhang
/home/es:
/home/kedacom:
/home/lisi:
/home/wang:
/home/zhang:
a b c
/home/zhang/a:
/home/zhang/b:
/home/zhang/c:
-d 显示目录本身属性
[root@kedacom ~]# ls -dl /dev
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 3480 1月 25 16:26 /dev
-r 逆序排序
#未带-r参数
[root@kedacom ~]# ls -l /home/
总用量 0
drwx------ 3 es es 76 3月 25 2021 es
drwx------ 4 kedacom root 112 2月 1 15:34 kedacom
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 2月 1 14:19 lisi
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 2月 1 14:19 wang
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 33 2月 1 14:19 zhang
#带-r参数
[root@kedacom ~]# ls -lr /home/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 33 2月 1 14:19 zhang
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 2月 1 14:19 wang
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 2月 1 14:19 lisi
drwx------ 4 kedacom root 112 2月 1 15:34 kedacom
drwx------ 3 es es 76 3月 25 2021 es
