一、前言
- 实例要求:使用 IDEA 创建 Netty 项目
- Netty 服务器在 6668 端口监听,浏览器发出请求 http://localhost:6668/
- 服务器可以回复消息给客户端”Hello!我是服务器5”,并对特定请求资源进行过滤。
- 目的:Netty 可以做 Http 服务开发,并且理解 Handler 实例和客户端及其请求的关系。
- 看老师代码演示
二、示例代码
HttpServer
```java package com.supkingx.netty.http;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
/**
- @description:
- @Author: wangchao
@Date: 2021/12/9 */ public class HttpServer { public static void main(String[] args) {
NioEventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
NioEventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ServerInitializer());
ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8899).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
} }
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#### HttpServerCodec
�HttpServerCodec 是 netty 提供的处理 http 的编码解码器<br />通过下图可以看到它继承了 decoder 和 encoder<br />![image.png](https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2021/png/1460038/1639058400713-2b9491d2-b064-4d03-b4b8-9d000ac460c0.png#clientId=uc1af5dfa-b417-4&crop=0&crop=0&crop=1&crop=1&from=paste&height=258&id=u9d5887a0&margin=%5Bobject%20Object%5D&name=image.png&originHeight=516&originWidth=2032&originalType=binary&ratio=1&rotation=0&showTitle=false&size=448884&status=done&style=none&taskId=u4b8598b7-b17c-4575-a31a-1f4adaa576c&title=&width=1016)
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## ServerInitializer
```java
package com.supkingx.netty.http;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
/**
* @description:
* @Author: wangchao
* @Date: 2021/12/9
*/
public class ServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
// 向管道加入处理器
// 得到管道
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
// 加入一个 netty 提供的 httpServerCodec codec =》【coder - decoder】
// HttpServerCodec 说明
// 1、HttpServerCodec 是 netty 提供的处理 http 的编码解码器
pipeline.addLast("MyHttpServerCodec", new HttpServerCodec());
// 2、增加一个自定义的handler
pipeline.addLast("MyTestHttpServerHandler", new HttpServerHandler());
}
}
HttpServerHandler
package com.supkingx.netty.http;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpRequest;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaderNames;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObject;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequest;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
/**
* @description: * SimpleChannelInboundHandler 继承了 ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter
* * HttpObject 客户端和服务端相互通讯的数据被封装成 HttpObject
* @Author: wangchao
* @Date: 2021/12/9
*/
public class HttpServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<HttpObject> {
/**
* 读取数据
*
* @param ctx 上下文对象,含有 管道pipeline,通道channel,地址
* @param msg 就是客户端发送的数据 默认Object
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpObject msg) throws Exception {
// 判断 msg 是不是 HttpRequest 请求
if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) {
System.out.println("msg 类型=" + msg.getClass());
System.out.println("客户端地址" + ctx.channel().remoteAddress());
// 回复信息给浏览器 【http协议】
ByteBuf content = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("hello,我是服务器", CharsetUtil.UTF_8);
// 构建一个 http 响应,即 httpResponse
FullHttpResponse httpResponse = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK, content);
httpResponse.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain");
httpResponse.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH, content.readableBytes());
// 将构建好的 response 返回
ctx.writeAndFlush(httpResponse);
}
}
}
演示
启动浏览器并输出 localhost:8899,可以看到浏览器返回值
疑问
同时发现一个问题,通过服务端日志可以发现浏览器请求了两次,这是为什么?
通过浏览器开发工具可知,如下,第一次请求服务器,第二次请求网站图标
选择性接受浏览器请求
通过 获取 uri 过滤特定资源
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpObject msg) throws Exception {
// 判断 msg 是不是 HttpRequest 请求
if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) {
System.out.println("msg 类型=" + msg.getClass());
System.out.println("客户端地址" + ctx.channel().remoteAddress());
// 获取
HttpRequest httpRequest = (HttpRequest) msg;
URI uri = new URI(httpRequest.uri());
if ("/favicon.ico".equals(uri.getPath())) {
System.out.println("请求了 favicon.ico,不做响应");
return;
}
// 回复信息给浏览器 【http协议】
ByteBuf content = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("hello,我是服务器", CharsetUtil.UTF_8);
// 构建一个 http 响应,即 httpResponse
FullHttpResponse httpResponse = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK, content);
httpResponse.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain");
httpResponse.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH, content.readableBytes());
// 将构建好的 response 返回
ctx.writeAndFlush(httpResponse);
}
}
三、杂记
验证浏览器的每一个HTTP链接都会对应一个新 pipeline 和 handler
验证方法:开启多个浏览器窗口实验
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpObject msg) throws Exception {
// 判断 msg 是不是 HttpRequest 请求
if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) {
// 验证浏览器的每一个新窗口都会对应一个新 pipeline 和 handler
// 如果是在原窗口不停的请求,都是同一个 pipeline 和 handler
System.out.println("pipeline hashcode" + ctx.pipeline().hashCode() + "; HttpServerHandler hashcode=" + this.hashCode());
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。