Backend是MNN对计算设备的抽象。MNN当前已经支持CPU、Vulkan、OpenCL、Metal等Backend,只在计算设备暂未支持时新增Backend,新增Op,请参阅新增Op文档

声明

所有新增Backend都需继承Backend类,并实现所有纯虚函数。

  1. class XPUBackend final : public Backend {
  2. XPUBackend(MNNForwardType type, MemoryMode mode);
  3. virtual ~XPUBackend();
  4. virtual Execution* onCreate(const std::vector<Tensor*>& inputs, const std::vector<Tensor*>& outputs, const MNN::Op* op) override;
  5. virtual void onExecuteBegin() const override;
  6. virtual void onExecuteEnd() const override;
  7. virtual bool onAcquireBuffer(const Tensor* tensor, StorageType storageType) override;
  8. virtual bool onReleaseBuffer(const Tensor* tensor, StorageType storageType) override;
  9. virtual bool onClearBuffer() override;
  10. virtual void onCopyBuffer(const Tensor* srcTensor, const Tensor* dstTensor) const override;
  11. }

构造与销毁

Backend构造时,可以额外指定内存环境,在内存受限环境中,应避免非必要的内存使用。可以在构造函数中,完成对计算设备访问的必要初始化,如GPU下预加载shader等。

  1. /** backend memory mode */
  2. enum MemoryMode {
  3. /** use memory without limit. */
  4. NORMAL = 0,
  5. /** use memory thriftily. */
  6. LIMIT = 1
  7. };
  8. /**
  9. * @brief initializer.
  10. * @param type forward type.
  11. * @param mode memory mode.
  12. */
  13. Backend(MNNForwardType type, MemoryMode mode = NORMAL);

Execution创建

Backend需要通过onCreate为op创建出exection实例:

  1. virtual Execution* onCreate(const std::vector<Tensor*>& inputs, const std::vector<Tensor*>& outputs, const MNN::Op* op) override;

可以在方法内根据op类型创建,但更建议提供注册接口:

  1. class XPUBackend final : public Backend {
  2. // ...
  3. class Creator {
  4. public:
  5. /**
  6. * @brief create execution for given input, op on metal backend.
  7. * @param inputs given input tensors.
  8. * @param op given op.
  9. * @param backend metal backend.
  10. * @return created execution if supported, NULL otherwise.
  11. */
  12. virtual Execution *onCreate(const std::vector<Tensor *> &inputs, const MNN::Op *op,
  13. Backend *backend) const = 0;
  14. };
  15. /**
  16. * @brief register creator for given op type.
  17. * @param type given op type.
  18. * @param creator registering creator.
  19. */
  20. static void addCreator(OpType type, Creator *creator);
  21. // ...
  22. };
  23. template <class T>
  24. class XPUCreatorRegister {
  25. public:
  26. /**
  27. * @brief initializer. register T creator for given op type.
  28. * @param type given op type.
  29. */
  30. XPUCreatorRegister(OpType type) {
  31. T *test = new T;
  32. XPUBackend::addCreator(type, test);
  33. }
  34. };

这样,Op Execution中,就可以通过注册追加Op类型:

  1. class XPUPoolingCreator : public XPUBackend::Creator {
  2. public:
  3. virtual Execution *onCreate(const std::vector<Tensor *> &inputs, const MNN::Op *op, Backend *backend) const {
  4. return new XPUPooling(backend, op->main_as_Pool());
  5. }
  6. };
  7. static XPUCreatorRegister<XPUPoolingCreator> __reg(OpType_Pooling);

内存管理

Backend通过onAcquireBuffer为tensor分配内存,通过onReleaseBuffer为tensor释放内存。内存有三种存储模式:STATIC内存不复用,一般用于op常量存储;DYNAMIC内存可复用,一般用于变量存储;DYNAMIC_SEPERATE内存在pipeline间可复用,一般用于pipeline常量存储。onAcquireBufferonReleaseBuffer中可以不实际分配/释放内存,只记录内存用量变更,在onAllocateBuffer调用时,再根据用量计算出优化方案,一次性完成分配/释放。

  1. /** backend buffer storage type */
  2. enum StorageType {
  3. /**
  4. use NOT reusable memory.
  5. - allocates memory when `onAcquireBuffer` is called.
  6. - releases memory when `onReleaseBuffer` is called or when the backend is deleted.
  7. - do NOTHING when `onClearBuffer` is called.
  8. */
  9. STATIC,
  10. /**
  11. use reusable memory.
  12. - allocates or reuses memory when `onAcquireBuffer` is called. prefers reusing.
  13. - collects memory for reuse when `onReleaseBuffer` is called
  14. - releases memory when `onClearBuffer` is called or when the backend is deleted.
  15. */
  16. DYNAMIC,
  17. /**
  18. use NOT reusable memory.
  19. - allocates memory when `onAcquireBuffer` is called.
  20. - do NOTHING when `onReleaseBuffer` is called.
  21. - releases memory when `onClearBuffer` is called or when the backend is deleted.
  22. */
  23. DYNAMIC_SEPERATE
  24. };
  25. /**
  26. * @brief allocate buffer of tensor for given storage type.
  27. * @param tensor buffer provider.
  28. * @param storageType buffer storage type.
  29. * @return success or not.
  30. */
  31. virtual bool onAcquireBuffer(const Tensor* tensor, StorageType storageType) = 0;
  32. /**
  33. * @brief release buffer of tensor for given storage type.
  34. * @param tensor buffer provider.
  35. * @param storageType buffer storage type.
  36. * @return success or not.
  37. */
  38. virtual bool onReleaseBuffer(const Tensor* tensor, StorageType storageType) = 0;

在所有内存都分配完成后,backend会收到onAllocateBuffer回调:

  1. /**
  2. * @brief callback after all buffers needed by backend ops were allocated.
  3. * @return success or not. (result not used currently)
  4. */
  5. virtual bool onAllocateBuffer() {
  6. return true;
  7. }

Backend在调用onClearBuffer时,需要释放所有DYNAMICDYNAMIC_SEPERATE存储模式的内存:

  1. /**
  2. * @brief clear all dynamic buffers.
  3. * @return success or not.
  4. */
  5. virtual bool onClearBuffer() = 0;

此外,backend还需要负责tensor数据的拷贝:

  1. /**
  2. * @brief copy buffer from tensor to tensor.
  3. * @param srcTensor source buffer provider.
  4. * @param dstTensor dest buffer provider.
  5. */
  6. virtual void onCopyBuffer(const Tensor* srcTensor, const Tensor* dstTensor) const = 0;

拷贝可能在backend内部,也可能在backend与CPU backend之间。
拷贝需要处理Tensor间的布局转换,相同布局时,可以直接拷贝数据;不同布局,如NHWCNC4HW4,则一般需要做特殊转换。

Pipeline回调

Backend在pipeline执行的各个周期都会收到回调,onResizeBeginonResizeEnd在调整内存分配前后调用(op的onResize会在此间调用);onExecuteBeginonExecuteEnd在op执行前后调用(op的onExecute会在此间调用);onWaitFinish相对特殊,由用户主动调用,异步执行的pipeline需要同步等待完成。

  1. /**
  2. * @brief callback before resize ops.
  3. */
  4. virtual void onResizeBegin();
  5. /**
  6. * @brief callback after resize ops.
  7. */
  8. virtual void onResizeEnd();
  9. /**
  10. * @brief callback before executing ops.
  11. */
  12. virtual void onExecuteBegin() const = 0;
  13. /**
  14. * @brief callback after executing ops.
  15. */
  16. virtual void onExecuteEnd() const = 0;
  17. /**
  18. * @brief wait for all async execution to be finished.
  19. * @return success or not.
  20. */
  21. virtual bool onWaitFinish();

注册Backend

最后,定义Backend Creator,注册方法中调用MNNInsertExtraBackendCreator就可以完成Backend的注册,这里的注册方法需要在BackendRegister.cpp中声明并调用:

  1. class XPUBackendCreator : public BackendCreator {
  2. virtual Backend *onCreate(const Backend::Info &info) const {
  3. return new MetalBackend;
  4. }
  5. };
  6. void registerCPUBackendCreator() {
  7. MNNInsertExtraBackendCreator(MNN_FORWARD_CPU, new CPUBackendCreator);
  8. };

使用cmake编译时,完成代码修改后,也需要相应修改CMakeLists.txt。