[阅读材料]The role of a beginner UX designer | 初学者用户体验设计师的角色

As you start out on your path to becoming a UX designer, you’re probably curious about the actual work your new career might involve. In this reading, you can explore the different responsibilities that entry-level UX designers commonly take on during a project. You’ll also review the differences between generalist, specialist, and T-shaped UX designers.

当你开始走上成为一名用户体验设计师的道路时，你可能会对你的新职业可能涉及的实际工作感到好奇。在本文中，您可以探索入门级用户体验设计师在项目期间通常承担的不同职责。您还将了解通才型、专家型和 t 型用户体验设计师之间的区别。

But first, a quick call out: You’ll probably notice a lot of new vocabulary and unfamiliar terms in this reading. Don’t worry! You’ll learn about each of these concepts in more depth throughout the certificate program. We’ll also provide a glossary of important terms and their definitions at the end of each week of content.

但是首先，你可能会注意到在这本书中有很多新的词汇和不熟悉的术语。别担心！在整个证书课程中，您将更深入地了解这些概念中的每一个。我们还将在每周内容结束时提供一个重要术语及其定义的词汇表。

Responsibilities of an entry-level UX designer

初级用户体验设计师的职责

As an entry-level UX designer, you’ll have a lot of exciting opportunities to gain experience. When you first start out, you’ll probably take on a lot of different roles and responsibilities.

作为一个初级的用户体验设计师，你会有很多令人兴奋的机会去获得经验。当你刚开始的时候，你可能会承担很多不同的角色和责任。

User research: User research is about understanding the people who use your product. Through research, you’ll learn about users’ backgrounds, demographics, motivations, pain points, emotions, and goals. Your research methods might include surveys, observations, and interviews. We’ll explore user research in much more detail in an upcoming course.

用户研究: 用户研究是关于了解使用你的产品的人。通过研究，你将了解用户的背景、人口统计学、动机、痛点、情绪和目标。你的研究方法可能包括调查、观察和访谈。我们将在接下来的课程中更详细地探讨用户研究。

Information architecture: Information architecture, or IA for short, involves deciding how your product is organized and structured. Think of IA as a skeleton that outlines how users interact with your product. Everything in your product should be organized in ways that make sense to the user and meets their expectations.

信息架构: 信息架构，简称 IA，包括决定产品的组织和结构。可以把信息架构想成一个框架，描述用户如何与你的产品互动。产品中的所有东西都应该以对用户有意义并满足他们期望的方式进行组织。

Wireframing: A wireframe is a basic outline or sketch of a product or a screen, like an app or website. As the name suggests, wireframes look like they were created with wires. They’re mostly lines and shapes, with some text. Wireframes can be drawn by hand or created digitally using software. Wireframing helps you bring your design ideas to life, so other people on your team can provide input and feedback.

线框图: 线框图是一个产品或屏幕的基本大纲或草图，就像一个应用程序或网站。顾名思义，线框图看起来像是用线创建的。它们大部分是线条和形状，还有一些文字。线框图可以手工绘制，也可以用软件进行数字化创建。线框图可以帮助你把你的设计想法变成现实，这样团队中的其他人就可以提供输入和反馈。

Prototyping: A prototype is an early model of a product that demonstrates its functionality. Prototypes can be in physical or digital formats and can vary in complexity. Sometimes a prototype is made to demonstrate one specific feature of a product, like the transition between screens or the way the product physically looks and feels. You’ll make multiple prototypes for any given product throughout the design process.

原型: 原型是一个产品的早期模型，用来展示它的功能。原型可以是物理或数字格式，并且复杂程度各不相同。有时候制作原型是为了展示产品的一个特定功能，比如屏幕之间的转换或者产品外观和感觉的方式。在整个设计过程中，您将为任何给定的产品制作多个原型。

Visual design: Visual design focuses on how the product or technology looks. As a UX designer, you need to understand the foundations of visual design in order to communicate the connection between a product’s functionality and its appearance to users. You’ll learn some of the most important principles of visual design throughout this certificate program.

视觉设计: 视觉设计的重点是产品或技术的外观。作为一个用户体验设计师，你需要理解视觉设计的基础，以便向用户传达产品功能和外观之间的联系。在本证书课程中，您将学习一些最重要的视觉设计原则。

Effective communication: Effective communication as a UX designer means connecting with your colleagues through emails, meetings, presentations, and design software. UX design is a very collaborative field, so being able to communicate both digitally and face-to-face with teammates is important. You need to be a good listener, be receptive to feedback, and share your ideas in a clear way.

有效沟通: 作为一个用户体验设计师，有效沟通意味着通过电子邮件、会议、演示和设计软件与同事联系。用户体验设计是一个非常具有协作性的领域，因此能够与队友进行数字化和面对面的交流非常重要。你需要成为一个好的倾听者，接受反馈，以清晰的方式分享你的想法。

Specialist and generalist designers

专家和通才设计师

As you get further along in your career, you can choose to specialize in a certain area of UX design or keep your skill set more broad. What exactly are the differences between specialist and generalist UX designers? Read on to learn more!

随着你职业生涯的进一步发展，你可以选择专注于用户体验设计的某个特定领域，或者保持你的技能集更加广泛。专业用户体验设计师和通才用户体验设计师到底有什么不同？请继续阅读以获得更多信息！

Specialist: A specialist dives deep into one type of UX design, like interaction, visual, or motion design, and becomes an expert. Specialist UX designers are more common at large companies that have a lot of designers, like here at Google. Some of the benefits of becoming a specialist include:

专家: 专家深入研究一种类型的用户体验设计，比如交互、视觉或运动设计，然后成为专家。专业用户体验设计师在拥有大量设计师的大公司更为常见，比如谷歌。成为专家的一些好处包括:

• Focusing on one type of design that you enjoy more than others. 专注于一种你比其他人更喜欢的设计
• Gaining deep knowledge of one type of design. 深入了解一种类型的设计
• Becoming well-known in the industry for your expertise in a particular type of design. 因为你在某一特定类型的设计方面的专业知识而在行业中广为人知

Generalist: A generalist has a broad number of responsibilities. A majority of UX design jobs are generalist positions, especially at companies with fewer UX designers. Typically, entry-level UX designers work in generalist roles, and some people choose to stay in generalist design roles for their entire careers. There are a lot of benefits to being a generalist UX designer, like:

通才: 通才具有广泛的职责。大多数用户体验设计工作都是通才职位，尤其是在用户体验设计师较少的公司。通常，入门级的 UX 设计师以通才的角色工作，有些人选择在他们的整个职业生涯中保持通才的设计角色。成为一个全面的用户体验设计师有很多好处，比如:

• Expanding your skills in many different types of UX work. 扩展你在许多不同类型的用户体验工作中的技能
• Trying a variety of responsibilities and finding an area of UX that you’re especially passionate about. 尝试各种各样的职责，找到一个你特别热衷的用户体验领域
• Keeping your job feeling fresh and new, while doing a variety of tasks. 在完成各种任务的同时，让你的工作保持新鲜感

T-shaped: A T-shaped designer is a specialist who also has a lot of capabilities in other areas. T-shaped designers get their name because the stem (or vertical line) of a T represents their expertise in one area, while the top (or horizontal line) symbolizes their related skills in a broad number of areas. T-shaped designers are great to have on your team, since they come with the benefits of both specialists and generalists. The image below highlights some of the skills a T-shaped UX designer might have. In this example, the person is a visual design specialist but also has knowledge in other areas, like coding and prototyping.

T 型: t 型设计师是一个在其他领域也有很多能力的专家。T 型设计师之所以得名，是因为 t 型设计师的主干 (或垂直线) 代表了他们在一个领域的专长，而顶部 (或水平线) 代表了他们在许多领域的相关技能。T 型设计师是伟大的有在你的团队，因为他们来与专家和通才的利益。下面的图片突出了 t 型用户体验设计师可能拥有的一些技能。在这个例子中，这个人是一个视觉设计专家，但是也有其他领域的知识，比如编码和原型设计。

Each designer tends to naturally have a little T-shape in their abilities, even at the beginning of their career. As you start to work on projects, you’ll probably notice where your strengths and interests lie. As you get better at one area of design, you’ll likely find yourself working on that part of design projects more often, which helps you continue to improve in one area.

每个设计师都倾向于在他们的能力自然有一个小 t 形，甚至在他们的职业生涯的开始。当你开始做项目的时候，你可能会注意到你的长处和兴趣所在。当你在一个设计领域做得越来越好时，你可能会发现自己更经常地在设计项目的这个部分工作，这有助于你在一个领域继续提高。

You can also decide to direct your T-shape by developing specific skills that will open up future job opportunities. For example, you might work extra hard on your prototyping skills, in addition to your general UX design skills, which can lead to new experiences and professional growth.

你也可以决定通过发展特定的技能来指导你的 t 型身材，这将为你未来的工作机会打开方便之门。例如，除了你的一般用户体验设计技能之外，你可能会在你的原型技能上付出额外的努力，这会带来新的体验和专业成长。

Your future as a UX designer

你作为一个用户体验设计师的未来

There are so many different paths you can take within the field of UX design. After you land your first entry-level job and start working in the field, you’ll get a better idea of whether you want to be a UX design generalist or specialize in one specific type of design. There are plenty of benefits to being a generalist, specialist, or T-shaped designer, so it’s all about finding what works best for you!

在用户体验设计领域，你可以选择许多不同的道路。在你获得第一份入门级工作并开始在这个领域工作之后，你就会更好地了解你是想成为一个用户体验设计的通才还是专攻一种特定类型的设计。作为一个多面手、专家或 t 型设计师有很多好处，所以这一切都是为了找到最适合你的工作！
https://www.coursera.org/learn/foundations-user-experience-design/supplement/5O2hO/the-role-of-a-beginner-ux-designer