[阅读材料]The influence of company size and industry | 公司规模和行业的影响

Have you always dreamed of working with a close-knit group at a startup? Or landing a job at your favorite company? Depending on where you end up working, your job as a UX designer could be quite different! In this reading, you’ll explore how UX design roles can vary depending on the company’s size and industry.

你是否一直梦想着在创业公司里和一个关系紧密的团队一起工作？或者在你最喜欢的公司找到一份工作？根据你最终工作的地方，你作为用户体验设计师的工作可能会有很大的不同！在本文中，您将探索用户体验设计角色如何根据公司的规模和行业而变化。

Startups and small businesses

初创企业和小型企业

Startups are new businesses that want to develop a unique product or service and bring it to market. Small businesses are privately owned businesses with few employees. A lot of UX designers are excited to start work at startups or small businesses because they can see the impact of their work more quickly and develop a broader range of skills.

创业公司是希望开发独特产品或服务并将其推向市场的新企业。小企业是雇员很少的私营企业。很多用户体验设计师都很兴奋地开始在创业公司或者小型企业工作，因为他们能够更快地看到他们工作的影响，并且发展出更广泛的技能。

• Team size: 团队规模:Close-knit team and able to work directly with upper management. 团队精神紧密，能够直接与上级管理层合作
• Growth: 增长: Opportunity for growth due to taking on many responsibilities (visual design, interaction design, user research, and more). 由于承担了许多责任 (视觉设计、交互设计、用户研究等等) 而有机会成长
• Creativity: 创造力: Usually more creative freedom with fewer guidelines and processes. 通常更多的创造性自由，更少的指导方针和过程
• Impact: 影响: Lots of impact on final products, with few people working on a project. 对最终产品有很大的影响，很少有人从事一个项目

• Mentorship: 导师:Fewer mentors to choose from within a smaller company. 在一家规模较小的公司中，可供选择的导师较少
• Responsibility: 职责: Most of the responsibility for a UX project falls solely on you, which can be stressful if you have little UX experience. 用户体验项目的大部分责任都落在你一个人身上，如果你没有用户体验的经验，这可能会让你倍感压力
• Speed: 速度:Have to be comfortable working quickly and launching work that isn’t perfect, with little oversight. 必须适应快速工作和开展不完美的工作，几乎没有监督

Big companies

大公司

At a big company, like Google, you’re likely to work in teams on a specific project. Lots of UX designers want to work at big companies with the people who developed some of the most well-known products in the world. UX teams at larger companies tend to be more compartmentalized by specialization, making it easier for you to become an expert in one particular area of UX.

在像谷歌这样的大公司，你很可能会在一个特定的项目上以团队的形式工作。许多用户体验设计师希望在大公司与开发世界上最知名产品的人一起工作。大公司的用户体验团队更倾向于被专业化划分，使你更容易成为用户体验某个特定领域的专家。

• Mentorship 导师制: A variety of experienced designers and other UXers to learn from. : 各种经验丰富的设计师和其他 uxer 学习
• Growth 增长: Lots of opportunity for growth because there are many levels of designers and management. 当前位置由于设计师和管理层级众多，因此有很多发展机会
• Guidelines 指引: Clearer guidelines to keep products uniform and on brand. * 更明确的指导方针，以保持产品的统一和品牌
• Team size 团队规模: More people working on one project, which means you’re better able to focus on your specific responsibilities. 当前位置更多的人在一个项目上工作，这意味着你能更好地专注于自己的具体职责
• Specialization 专业化: Opportunity to focus on one particular area of design. 专注于某一特定设计领域的机会

• Team size: 团队规模: May feel less impactful or important as a contributor with lots of other designers on the project. 作为一个贡献者，你可能会觉得自己没那么有影响力或者重要，因为有很多其他的设计师在这个项目上
• Impact: 影响:May feel small at a company with so many features and products. 在一家拥有如此多功能和产品的公司里，可能会觉得自己很渺小
• Guidelines: 指引: Defined guidelines can be restrictive to creativity. 明确的指导方针可能会限制创造力

Design agencies

设计机构

A design agency is a one-stop-shop for visual brands, products, and services. Working at a design agency can be similar in some ways to working at a small business or startup, except you have multiple companies as your clients. Many agencies tend to work on a broad range of products, so you can explore many kinds of styles and approaches to UX design.

设计机构是视觉品牌、产品和服务的一站式商店。在设计公司工作在某些方面可能与在小企业或创业公司工作类似，只不过你有多家公司作为你的客户。许多代理机构倾向于开发范围广泛的产品，所以你可以探索用户体验设计的多种风格和方法。

• Impact: 影响:Lots of impact on projects, if you’re the only UX designer on the team. 如果你是团队中唯一的用户体验设计师，这对项目会有很大的影响
• Networking: 网络: Opportunity to work with senior stakeholders, different teams, and diverse clients. 有机会与高级利益相关者，不同的团队和不同的客户一起工作
• Exposure: 曝光: Exposure to lots of companies and industries with different clients. 接触许多有不同客户的公司和行业
• Resume: 简历: Potential to work with large brands and display that work in your portfolio. 与大品牌合作的潜力，并在你的作品集中展示出来

• Mentorship: 导师: Lack of mentorship if you are the only UX designer on a project. 如果你是一个项目中唯一的用户体验设计师，那么缺乏导师指导
• Monotony: 单调: Depending on the agency, you could work only on the same type of projects. 根据机构的不同，你只能在同一类型的项目上工作
• Ownership: 所有权: Might not be able to work on a project from start to finish. 可能无法从头到尾完成一个项目
• Finished product: 制成品: Products you work on might not launch, depending on client priorities. 根据客户优先级的不同，您正在开发的产品可能无法启动

Advertising agencies

广告公司

A lot of UX designers work at advertising agencies, which are teams of creatives hired by clients to build marketing campaigns. Sometimes called “creative technologists,” these designers work to create ads for brands using UX principles. This is a great option if you’re open to learning some interesting skills outside of a core UX design role.

许多用户体验设计师在广告公司工作，这些广告公司是客户雇佣的创意团队，负责开展市场营销活动。这些设计师有时被称为 “创意技术专家”，他们利用用户体验原则为品牌创建广告。如果你愿意在核心用户体验设计角色之外学习一些有趣的技能，这是一个很好的选择。

• Autonomy: 自主权: Little to no middle management means more autonomy over your work. 几乎没有中层管理人员意味着对你的工作有更多的自主权
• Learning: 学习: Opportunity to learn about other disciplines, like branding, marketing, and graphic design. 学习其他学科的机会，如品牌，市场营销和平面设计
• Variety: 品种: Every project is different based on the client. 每个项目都因客户的不同而不同
• Networking: 网络: Work with a bunch of different brands, clients, and teams. 与不同的品牌、客户和团队一起工作

• Specialization: 专业化: Wide variation in projects, so you might not be able to hone in on specific skills easily. 项目的差异很大，所以你可能不能很容易地磨练具体的技能
• Relevance: 相关性: Work may often involve branding and marketing, and might not focus on UX design. 工作可能经常涉及品牌和市场营销，也可能不关注用户体验设计

Freelancers

自由职业者

Freelancers are self-employed UX designers who are hired by clients for their independent services. Being a freelancer gives you a lot of freedom, and it’s a great way for new UX designers to gain experience in the field and add work to their portfolio.

自由职业者是客户雇佣的独立用户体验设计师。作为一个自由职业者给你很多自由，这是一个新的用户体验设计师在这个领域获得经验和增加工作到他们的投资组合的一个伟大的方式。

• Schedule: 计划: Set your own hours since you’re self-employed. 既然你是自由职业者，就自己安排工作时间
• Flexibility: 灵活性: Can freelance while working another job or balancing competing priorities. 可以在做其他工作的同时做自由职业者，或者平衡竞争的优先事项
• Autonomy: 自主权: Choose the work that you want to do. 选择你想做的工作
• Experience: 经验: Build your portfolio, especially if you don’t have a full-time UX job. 建立你的投资组合，特别是如果你没有一个全职的 UX 工作

• Structure: 计划: No one to report to, which means you have to be responsible for getting work done on time. 没有人报告，这意味着你必须负责按时完成工作
• Stability: 稳定性: Less stable than working for a company or agency, since work is not always guaranteed. 不如在公司或机构工作稳定，因为工作并不总是有保障的
• Business: 商业: Manage the logistics of your own business, such as filing taxes, billing clients, and more. 管理你自己企业的后勤工作，比如报税，给客户开账单等等
• Mentorship: 师友: Lack of readily available mentors since you’re working by yourself. 因为你是一个人工作，所以缺少现成的导师

Deciding where to work

Everyone’s goals as a UX designer are different, so think about what’s most important to you when choosing a place to work. Consider questions like:
作为一个用户体验设计师，每个人的目标都是不同的，所以在选择工作地点的时候，想想什么对你最重要。考虑以下问题:

• Do you enjoy a lot of structure and processes, or do you like to define your own work and schedule?
• Do you value working on a big team, or are you more comfortable working alone?

• Do you want to focus mainly on UX design, or are you interested in broadening your skill set?

  你喜欢很多的结构和过程，还是你喜欢定义你自己的工作和时间表？
  你喜欢在一个大团队里工作，还是喜欢一个人工作？
  你是想专注于用户体验设计，还是想拓展你的技能？
  Considering your career goals and how you work best will help you start to figure out the kind of company that might be the best fit for you. Good luck!
  考虑一下你的职业目标和你如何才能工作得最好，这将帮助你开始找出最适合你的公司。祝你好运！