安装MySQL数据库

1. 企业场景安装方式一览表

2. 安装实战

1. 创建MySQL用户的账号

首先以root身份登录到Linux系统中，然后执行如下命令创建MySQL组及用户账号：
useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql -M
检查是否创建成功
id mysql
uid=503(mysql) gid=503(mysql) groups=503(mysql)

2. 解压MySQL安装包文件，并移动到/app/目录下

tar xf mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64 /app/mysql-5.5.49

3. 创建软连接

ln -s /app/mysql-5.5.49 /app/mysql

4. 对mysql目录授权

chown mysql.mysql /app/mysql-5.5.49 -R

5. 初始化数据库

cd /app/mysql/
./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/app/mysql/ --datadir=/app/mysql/data/ --user=mysql
在初始化完成后，只要看到下面的两个OK就是正确的。

6. 修改相关配置文件里面的相关路径为当前mysql的路径

sed -i 's@/usr/local/@/app/@g' /app/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
sed -i 's@/usr/local/@/app/@g' /app/mysql/support-files/mysql.server

7. 拷贝配置文件到/etc/目录下,拷贝启动文件到/etc/init.d/目录下。并给mysqld可执行权限

\cp /app/mysql/support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf
\cp /app/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

8. 启动MySQL

/etc/init.d/mysqld start

9. 检查启动结果,如果出现下面的提示就证明启动成功。

lsof -i :3306
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld 2576 mysql 10u IPv4 21064 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)

10. 设置开机自启动

chkconfig --add mysqld

11. 设置环境变量，通过.(点)来重新载入此配置信息使其马上生效

echo "PATH="/app/mysql/bin:$PATH"" >>/etc/profile
. /etc/profile

12. 登录测试

[root@web01 bin]# mysql <=输入mysql后回车
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.49 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
看到这就代表登录成功啦！
提示：本次安装采用的是MySQL二进制安装包进行安装的，下载地址：
https://www.linux.ac.cn/scripts/mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz