第一部分

overload[ˌəʊvə’ləʊd]

vt. 使超载,使超过负荷
例 The text book was overloaded with useless information.
教科书里满是无用的信息。

oversee[ˌəuvə’si:]

vt. 监督,管理〈同 supervise, manage〉
例 The general manager is responsible for overseeing all the factory’s operations.
总经理负责监督工厂的所有运营情况。

oversight[’əʊvəsaɪt]

n. 勘漏,失察,疏忽〈同 omission, error〉
例 Due to an oversight by my bank, there was less money in my account than there should have been.
由于我的银行的疏忽,我账户中的钱比实际少了许多。

overturn[ˌəuvə’tɜ:n]

n./vt. 推翻;翻倒;倾覆〈同 reverse, overthrow〉
例 The judge overturned his decision with the introduction of new evidence.
由于出现了新证据,法官推翻了他的判决。
联 overawe vt. 威慑;overact v.(将…进行)夸张表演;overbearing adj. 傲慢的,专横的;overbid v. 出价(比…)高

oxygen[’ɒksɪʤən]

n. 氧气
例 Oxygen and nitrogen constitute the main part of the air.
氧气和氮气是空气的主要组成部分。

pacific[pə’sɪfɪk]

adj. 爱好和平的;安静的,平静的〈同 peaceful; calm〉
例 It was safe and easy to swim in the pacific water of the lake.
在平静的湖水里游泳,安全又惬意。
联 pacify vt. 使平静;安慰,抚慰

painstaking[’peɪnzteɪkɪŋ]

adj. 辛苦的,辛勤的〈同 arduous, diligent〉
例 This TOEFL book is the result of our painstaking research staff.
这本托福书是我们的研究人员潜心研究的成果。

painting[’peɪntɪŋ]

n. 绘画,油画〈同 drawing〉
例 The famous painting called the Mona Lisa is closely guarded in the museum.
这幅名为《蒙娜丽莎》的名画被博物馆严密保护着。

palatable[’pælətəbəl]

adj. 美味的〈同 edible〉
例 Food in the college cafeteria is palatable, but not fancy.
大学餐厅的食物很可口,但不够别致。
联 unpalatable adj. 味道差的,不好吃的;palate n. 上腭;味觉;palatial adj. 宏伟的,壮丽的

paramount[’pærəmaʊnt]

adj. 最重要的;至高无上的〈同 most important, predominant〉
例 Television plays a paramount role in molding public opinion.
电视在左右公众舆论方面具有决定性作用。

第二部分

paraphrase[’pærəfreɪz]

vt. 将…释义,改写〈同 restate, reword〉
例 This article is much too long; please paraphrase it in 250 words or less.
这篇文章太长了;请用不超过250字改写一下。
n. 释义,意译〈同 explanation, interpretation〉
例 The newspaper’s paraphrase of the senator’s speech was misleading.
这份报纸中关于议员演讲的解读具有误导性。
联 phrase n. 短语;惯用语;metaphrase n./vt. 直译

parasite[’pærəsaɪt]

n. 寄生虫
例 The tapeworm is an example of the kind of parasite that may infest the human body.
绦虫是寄生在人体内的寄生虫中的一种。
联 parasitic adj. 寄生的

pastel[’pæstəl; (US)pæ’stel]

adj. 柔和的〈同 bland, soft〉
例 The pastel colors of the painting were very relaxing to look at.
这幅画柔和的颜色看起来令人非常放松。

patriarch[’peɪtrɪɑ:k; (US)’pæt-]

n. 家长,族长〈同 master, chief〉
例 In many primitive tribes, the leaders and lawmakers were the patriarchs.
在许多远古部落中,首领和立法者都是德高望重的族长。
联 patriarchal adj. 家长的,族长的;patrician n. 贵族 adj. 贵族的;patriotic adj. 爱国的

patron[’peɪtrən]

n. ①(对艺术等的)赞助人,资助人〈同 benefactor, helper〉
例 The munificent patron gave the museum a large donation.
那位慷慨的赞助人给博物馆提供了一大笔捐款。
②顾客〈同 customer, client〉
例 The restaurant’s patrons enjoyed the food and atmosphere so much that they recommended it to their friends.
这家餐厅的顾客非常喜欢这里的食物和氛围,因此他们把它推荐给了朋友。
联 patronage n. 赞助;惠顾;patronize vt. 资助;patronizing adj. 摆出恩赐态度的,要人领情的

paucity[’pɔ:səti]

n. 小量,缺乏〈同 insufficiency, scarcity〉
例 They closed the restaurant because the paucity of customers made it financially unfeasible to operate.
他们关闭了那家餐厅,因为缺少顾客使其在财务上无法继续运营。

pauper[’pɔ:pə(r)]

n. 贫民,乞丐〈同 beggar〉
例 The richest man is a pauper if he has no friends.
如果没有朋友,最富有的人也是乞丐。
联 pauperize vt. 使贫穷;beggar n. 乞丐

pebble[’pebəl]

n. 小鹅卵石;石子,细砾
例 Steve used the hammer to smash the stone into pebbles.
史蒂夫用锤子把石头砸成石子。

peck[pek]

v. 啄,啄食〈同 pick〉
例 Woodpeckers pecked wood looking for the pest.
啄木鸟啄木头来寻找害虫。

peculiarity[pɪˌkju:lɪ’ærəti]

n. 特性,怪癖〈同 eccentricity, oddness〉
例 She could not handle his peculiarity of touching his nose in public.
她解决不了他在公众面前摸鼻子的怪癖。

第三部分

pedagogy[’pedəgɒʤi]

n. 教育学,教学法〈同 education, teaching〉
例 The university evaluated the quality of its pedagogy and curriculum every year.
这所大学每年都会评估其教学法和课程安排的质量。
联 pedagogic adj. 教育学的;pedagogical adj. 教育学的,教学法的

peep[pi:p]

n./vi. 窥视,偷看〈同 peek〉
例 She peeped behind the curtain to get a glimpse of the famous singer.
为了一睹那名著名歌星的风采,她从窗帘后面偷偷窥视。
n.(小鸟、小鸡等的)唧唧叫〈同 chirp〉
例 The baby chickens gave a peep when their mother returned with feed.
当鸡妈妈带着食物回来时,小鸡崽们会唧唧叫。
联 peephole n. 窥视孔;peel v. 剥,剥落;peek vi. 偷看;peer n. 同等的人;seep vi. 渗出,渗漏

penchant[’pɑ:n∫ɑ:n; (US)’pentʃənt]

n. 爱好,嗜好〈同 liking, inclination〉
例 I have a penchant for old science fiction movies.
我对老科幻电影有所偏好。
联 bent n. 倾向;爱好;inclination n. 倾向;爱好;predilection n. 爱好;偏袒

pendant[’pendənt]

n. 垂饰;下垂物〈同 hanging〉
例 The heart-shaped pendant he gave her for her birthday had a picture of them inside.
在他当生日礼物送给她的心形吊坠里,有一张两人的照片。

penetrating[’penətreɪtɪŋ]

adj. ①思想敏锐的,有洞察力的
例 His question was so penetrating that the teacher did not know how to answer it.
他的问题太尖锐了,老师不知道该如何回答。
②(指声音)响亮的,尖锐的〈同 sharp; pungent〉
例 The piccolo possesses a penetrating sound that enables it to be easily heard above the other instruments in the orchestra.
短笛有一种穿透性的声音,在交响乐队的其他乐器当中,很容易便能听出它的声音。
联 penetration n. 渗透;penetrative adj. 有穿透力的;敏锐的;penetrable adj. 可穿透的;perspicuous adj. 聪颖的,敏锐的

pensive[’pensɪv]

adj. 沉思的〈同 meditative, contemplative〉
例 Mary sat quietly in the corner of the room with a pensive look on her face.
玛丽安静地坐在房间的角落里,脸上一副若有所思的样子。
联 pension n. 养老金,退休金;expensive adj. 昂贵的

percussion[pə’kʌ∫ən]

n. 打击乐器
例 The drum is a percussion instrument.
鼓是一种打击乐器。

perennial[pə’renɪəl]

adj. 四季不断的,终年的;(植物)多年生的〈同 continuous, perpetual〉
例 The gardener preferred to plant perennial flowers rather than annuals.
那名园艺师喜欢种多年生花卉,不喜欢种一年生花卉。
联 perennially adv. 永久地,终年地

perimeter[pə’rɪmɪtə(r)]

n. 边缘,周边地带〈同 edge, periphery〉
例 The perimeter of the castle is protected by a moat.
城堡周围有一条护城河保护。

periphery[pə’rɪfəfi]

n. 外围〈同 circumference, boundary〉
例 Jack never got involved in any of our activities; he was always at the periphery.
杰克从来不参加我们的任何活动;他总是游离在外。
联 peripheral adj. 周边的,外围的;peripatetic adj. 漫游的;(因工作而)流动的;periscope n. 潜望镜

第四部分

perpendicular[ˌpɜ:pən’dɪkjʊlə(r)]

adj. 垂直的,直立的〈同 vertical, upright〉
例 The road that runs north to south is perpendicular to the road that runs east to west.
从南向北的那条路与从东向西的那条路垂直。
联 pendant n. 垂饰;pending adj. 未决的;待定的;pendulum n. 钟摆;append vt. 附加,增补;appendage n. 附加物

perpetuate[pə’petjʊeɪt]

vt. 使…延续,使永存〈同 eternalize〉
例 Every kind of plant has its own way to perpetuate itself.
每一种植物都有自我繁衍的方式。
联 perpetual adj. 永久的;perpetrate vt. 犯(罪),做(坏事);perplex vt. 使困惑

persecute[’pɜ:sɪkju:t]

vt. 迫害〈同 oppress, victimize〉
例 It is wrong to persecute someone because of his or her religious beliefs.
因为他人的宗教信仰而迫害他人是错误的。
联 persecution n. 迫害;prosecute v. 控告;afflict vt. 使痛苦,折磨;harm vt. 伤害

persevere[ˌpɜ:sɪ’vɪə(r)]

vi. 坚持不懈,不屈不挠〈同 endure, persist〉
例 In spite of all the difficulties getting into medical school, I intend to persevere in my plans to become a doctor.
虽然进入医学院要面临重重困难,我仍打算坚持成为一名医生的计划。
联 persevering adj. 坚忍的,不屈不挠的;perseverance n. 坚定不移;perverse adj. 倔强的

personnel[ˌpɜ:sə’nel]

n. 人员,职员〈同 staff, employees〉
例 The office personnel worked overtime during the busy season.
在旺季,办公人员要加班工作。

perspiration[ˌpɜ:spə’reɪ∫ən]

n. 汗水,出汗〈同 sweat〉
例 After working in the hot sun for an hour, the laborers were covered with perspiration.
在炎热的太阳下工作一个小时之后,工人们身上满是汗水。
联 perspire v. 出汗,流汗;perspiratory adj. 汗(水)的,引起出汗的;perspicuous adj. 明白的,明确的

philology[fɪ’lɒləʤi]

n. 语言学,文献学〈同 linguistics, literature〉
例 My final essay in the philology course was on the origin of the Romance languages.
我语言学课的期末论文是关于罗曼语的起源的。
联 pathology n. 病理学;philosophy n. 哲学;原理,人生观

phonetics[fə’netɪks]

n. 语音学;语音体系
例 Chinese and English have different phonetics.
汉语和英语有不同的语音体系。

physician[fɪ’zɪ∫ən]

n. 内科医生〈同 doctor〉
例 It is a good idea to see a physician regularly to check your health.
定期去找医生检查身体,是个好主意。
联 physics n. 物理学;physicist n. 物理学家

picturesque[ˌpɪktʃə’resk]

adj. 似画的,美丽的〈同 scenic, beautiful〉
例 I grew up in a picturesque village like the ones you see in postcards.
我在一个风景秀丽的村庄里长大,那里的风光就像你在明信片上见到的那样。
联 pictorialadj. 图示的;arabesque n. 阿拉伯式图饰,蔓藤花纹;grotesque adj. 奇形怪状的