第一部分

pigment[’pɪgmənt]

n. 色素,颜料〈同 coloring, dye〉
例 She used a red pigment to dye her hair for the costume party.
为了参加化装舞会,她用一种红色染料染了头发。

pinpoint[’pɪnpɔɪnt]

vt. 准确地确定;用针标出…的精确位置〈同 locate, spot〉
例 Can you pinpoint the position of the enemy on this map?
你能在这张地图上精确地标出敌人的位置吗?

pioneer[ˌpaɪə’nɪə(r)]

n. 开拓者〈同 originator, explorer〉
例 Many American pioneers settled down and raised families in the western half of the country.
许多美国拓荒者在西部定居,并组建了家庭。
vt. 开辟,倡导〈同 lead, explore〉
例 Her chemistry research pioneered the way for the discovery of the new medicinal drug.
她的化学研究开创了新药物的发现方式。
联 pioneering adj. 开创性的;harbinger n. 先驱;预兆;forerunner n. 先驱(者);传令官;预兆;precursor n. 先驱

pique[pi:k]

vt. ①激起,引起(好奇等)〈同 arouse〉
例 The talk of money piqued the businessman’s interest.
关于钱的话题引起了那位商人的兴趣。
②激怒〈同 provoke〉
例 It piqued her that we had a secret she did not share.
我们竟然有个秘密没有与她分享,这让她非常不满。
联 piquant adj. 开胃的,辛辣的;clique n. 私党,小圈子,派系;oblique adj. 倾斜的;间接的,不坦率的

pirate[’paɪrət]

n. 海盗〈同 hijacker〉
例 The pirate raided the ship and stole the money and jewelry of the people on board.
海盗突袭了轮船,抢走了船上乘客的钱和珠宝。

pitch[pɪtʃ]

n.(音乐的)音调高低
例 The pitch in his voice was too high and he sounded like a girl.
他说话的音调太高了,这让他听起来像个女孩。
v. 投掷〈同 throw, hurl〉
例 He pitched a curve ball and the baseball player could not hit it.
他投出一记弧线球,那个棒球运动员没有击中。

pivot[’pɪvət]

n. 枢轴;中心点,重点〈同 axis; focus〉
例 He worked so long for the company that he became the pivot of its daily operations.
他为公司工作了那么长时间,已经成为那家公司运营的中心人物。
联 pivotal adj. 枢轴的,关键的

plagiarism[’pleɪʤɪərɪzəm]

n. 剽窃,抄袭〈同 copying, imitation〉
例 Plagiarism is the act of identically copying the written work of someone else and taking credit for it.
剽窃是照搬他人的书面作品,并将其据为己有的行为。
联 plagiarize v. 剽窃,抄袭

plain[pleɪn]

n. 平原,草原〈同 plateau, prairie〉
例 The American plains were once full of buffalo and wildlife.
美洲平原上曾经遍布野牛和野生动植物。
adj. 简单的,朴素的〈同 unadorned, simple〉
例 We lived in a comfortable but plain cottage.
我们住在一栋舒适但非常简朴的农舍里。
联 plainly adv. 平坦地;明白地;plainspoken adj. 直言不讳的;floodplain n. 泛滥平原,漫滩

plank[plæŋk]

n. 厚木板〈同 board, lumber〉
例 The pirates asked Pete to walk the plank. He took one look at their swords and then acquiesced.
海盗们让皮特走跳板。他看了一眼他们的剑,然后默默地顺从了海盗的命令。
联 chunk n. 大块;矮胖的人或物

第二部分

plantation[plɑ:n’teɪ∫ən]

n. 种植园,大农场〈同 farm〉
例 The plantation produced rice and wheat.
大农场生产大米和小麦。

platitude[’plætɪtju:d; (US)-tu:d]

n. 陈词滥调〈同 trite saying, cliche〉
例 “Believe in yourself”is a platitude many Chinese students are fond of quoting.
“相信自己”是许多中国学生喜欢引用的一句陈词滥调。
联 platitudinous adj. 平凡的,陈腐的;cliche n. 陈词滥调;triteness n. 平凡,陈腐;banality n. 陈腐的表达

playwright[’pleɪraɪt]

n. 剧作家〈同 dramatist〉
例 Shakespeare is one of the greatest playwrights ever.
莎士比亚是历史上最伟大的剧作家之一。

pleasing[’pli:zɪŋ]

adj. 令人高兴的;合意的〈同 comfortable〉
例 Because the meal was so pleasing, I left a large tip for the waiter.
因为饭菜太可口了,我给服务员留了一大笔小费。
联 pleasure n. 快乐

pliable[’plaɪəbəl]

adj. ①易弯的,柔软的〈同 malleable, lithe〉
例 The sheet of plastic becomes very pliable when it is warmed.
这块塑料加热后变得非常柔韧。
②易受影响的;柔顺的〈同 easily influenced; yielding〉
例 He is too pliable to be a good leader.
他太软弱了,很难成为一名优秀的领导者。
联 pliant adj. 易弯的;顺从的;liable adj. 有责任的;易于…的;friable adj. 易碎的,脆的;flexible adj. 柔韧的;灵活的

plight[plaɪt]

n.(恶劣的)情势,困境〈同 misfortune, difficulty〉
例 I cried when I heard of the refugees’ plight.
听说了难民们的困境,我哭了。
联 blight n. 枯萎病;不良影响,打击;predicament n. 困境;impasse n. 僵局;dilemma n. 进退两难的局面

plow[plaʊ]

n. 犁
例 He bought a small plow so he could break up the soil in his garden before planting the seeds.
他买了一个小型犁,这样他在播种之前可以先把花园里的泥土打散。
vt. 耕作〈同 cultivate, farm〉
例 Farmer Jones plowed his field last week.
农夫琼斯上周犁了田。

plumage[’plu:mɪʤ]

n. 鸟类羽毛〈同 feathers〉
例 The male peacock has gorgeous plumage.
雄性孔雀有华丽的羽毛。
联 plume n. 羽毛

plumb[plʌm]

adj. 垂直的〈同 perpendicular, vertical〉
例 The monument consists of two plumb pillars supporting a horizontal slab.
纪念碑是两个垂直立柱支撑着一块水平石板。
联 plumber n. 水管工人;plump adj. 圆胖的,丰满的;plum n. 李子

plump[plʌmp]

adj. 胖嘟嘟的,丰满的〈同 chubby, fat〉
例 Overeating has made him quite plump.
暴饮暴食让他变得很胖。
联 pump n. 泵,抽水机;lump n. 块,肿块;土块 v.(使)成块;slump n./v. 暴跌,跌落

第三部分

pneumonia[nju:’məʊnjə]

n. 肺炎
例 Pneumonia is a disease that attacks the lungs.
肺炎是侵害肺部的疾病。

pocketbook[’pɒkɪtbʊk]

n. 钱袋,皮夹〈同 purse, wallet〉
例 She put her pocketbook onto the table.
她把钱包放在了桌子上。

politics[’pɒlətɪks]

n. 政治;政见;政治学
例 Her political science teacher encouraged her to seek a career in politics.
她的政治学老师鼓励她进入政界。
联 political adj. 政治的,行政上的;politician n. 政治家,政客

pollinate[’pɒləneɪt]

vt. 对…授粉〈同 fertilize〉
例 The tree produces fruit once its flowers are pollinated.
树的花朵被授粉之后便会结出果实。
联 pollination n. 授粉;pollinator n. 传粉媒介,传粉昆虫;pollen n. 花粉

pollute[pə’lu:t]

vt. 污染;玷污〈同 contaminate; defile〉
例 Many lakes and rivers have been polluted by industrial waste.
许多河流湖泊都被工业废水污染了。
联 pollution n. 污染,玷污;pollutant n. 污染物质

polygon[’pɒlɪgən; (US)-gɒn]

n. 多边形
例 A square, a triangle, and a hexagon are all polygons.
正方形、三角形和六边形都是多边形。
联 polygonal adj. 多角形的,多边形的

ponderous[’pɒndərəs]

adj. 沉重的,笨重的〈同 heavy, weighty〉
例 The ponderous elephant could not fit in the elevator.
笨重的大象没法进入升降梯。

populous[’pɒpjʊləs]

adj. 人口稠密的,人口多的〈同 crowded, populated〉
例 The nuclear bomb threatens equally the populous areas and the sparsely settled hinterland.
核弹对人口稠密地区和人口稀少的偏僻地区都有威胁。
联 population n. 人口

porcelain[’pɔ:səlɪn]

n. 瓷器,瓷〈同 china〉
例 Many people like to collect porcelain dishes.
许多人喜欢收藏瓷盘。

portend[pɔ:’tend]

vt. 预兆,预示〈同 herald, foreshadow〉
例 The black clouds portend a storm.
乌云预示着一场暴风雨即将来临。
联 intend v. 打算;distend v.(使)扩张;contend v. 竞争;bode v. 预示;augur v. 占卜,预言;portentous adj. 预示性的;porter n. 行李搬运工

第四部分

posthumous[’pɒstjʊməs; (US)’pɒstʃəməs]

adj. 死后的,身后的
例 Charles’ reputation as a humanitarian suffered a posthumous blow when his widow revealed that he had beaten her every day of their marriage.
查尔斯作为人道主义者所积累的声誉,在其死后却遭到抨击,因为他的遗孀揭露,自从他们结婚之后,他每天都打她。
联 postwar adj. 战后的;postpone v. 推迟,(使)延期;posterior adj. 后面的,较晚的;posterity n. 子孙,后裔; postscript n. 附言,后记

pot[pɒt]

n. 罐,壶,锅
例 His mother served him soup from the pot.
他妈妈从罐里给他盛汤。
联 pottery n. 陶器;陶器场;potter n. 陶工,制陶工人;potted adj. 盆栽的;瓶或罐装的;coffeepot n. 咖啡壶;teapot n. 茶壶

potent[’pəʊtənt]

adj. 强有力的;有效的〈同 powerful; effective〉
例 The senator is a potent force in her political party.
在她所在的政党中,这位议员有很强的势力。
联 potential adj. 潜在的,可能的

poultry[’pəʊltri]

n. 家禽
例 She went to the grocery store to buy poultry, like chicken and turkey.
她去食品杂货店买一些禽肉,比如鸡肉和火鸡肉。

pound[paʊnd]

n. 磅;英镑
例 He bought 10 pounds of steak for the barbeque.
他为烤肉野餐买了10磅牛排。
v. 强烈打击〈同 hit, strike〉
例 She pounded on the door till someone finally heard.
她用力敲门,直到终于有人听到敲门声。

prairie[’preəri]

n. 大草原〈同 grassland, plain〉
例 The horse is galloping on the prairie.
骏马在大草原上驰骋。
联 pasture n. 牧场;grassland n. 牧草地,草原

precarious[prɪ’keərɪəs]

adj. 不稳定的;危险的〈同 unstable; dangerous〉
例 I think this stock is a precarious investment and I advise against its purchase.
我认为这支股票是不稳定的投资,我建议不要买。
联 precautious adj. 有防备的

precursor[pri:’kɜ:sə(r)]

n. 先驱,先行者;先兆〈同 forerunner; harbinger〉
例 Thunder is often the precursor of a rainstorm.
打雷往往是暴风雨的前兆。
联 precursory adj. 先驱的;predecessor n. 前辈,前任

predatory[’predətəri; (US)’predətɔ:ri]

adj. 掠夺的,食肉的〈同 carnivorous〉
例 The hawk is a predatory bird. 鹰是肉食性鸟类。
联 predator n. 食肉动物

predominantly[prɪ’dɒmɪnəntli]

adj. 占主导地位的
例 The students at the state school were predominantly state residents.
公立学校的学生们大部分都是本州居民。
联 predominate vi. 占主导地位,占优势