第一部分

abbreviate[ə’bri:vɪeɪt]

vt. ①缩短〈同 shorten, abridge〉
例 The President was asked to abbreviate his speech since the students crammed in the room without air-conditioning were running out of patience.
校长被要求缩短演讲时间,因为在没有空调的房间里,挤在一起的学生们正在失去耐心。
②缩写
例 “Mister”is usually abbreviated as“Mr.”.
Mister通常被缩写成Mr.。
联 abbreviated adj. 简短的;abbreviation n. 缩写,缩写词

ablaze[ə’bleɪz]

adj. 着火的,燃烧的;闪耀的〈同 burning; bright〉
例 After the firewood was ablaze, he felt warm.
柴火点着之后,他才感到暖和。
联 blaze n. 火焰 v. 燃烧;发怒;blazing adj. 炽烧的,闪耀的;laze v. 偷懒,混日子;glaze n. 釉;plaza n. 广场;购物中心

abort[ə’bɔ:t]

n.中止计划(或任务)〈同 failure, stop〉
例 The minister ordered a general abort in stamp production when he learned there was a mistake on the newly issued stamp.
在得知新发行的邮票上有错误后,部长命令全面中止邮票的生产。
联 abortive adj. 流产的;失败的;abortion n. 流产;失败

abrasion[ə’breɪʒən]

n.磨(擦)破;表面磨损〈同 scratch; friction〉
例 She fell and suffered an abrasion on her left hand.
她摔倒了,擦伤了左手。
联 abrasive adj. 研磨的

absenteeism[ˌæbsən’ti:ɪzm]

n. 旷课;旷工〈同 absence〉
例 The rate of absenteeism at this school is so high that punishments were introduced for nonattendance.
这所学校的缺勤率太高了,因此学校针对缺勤者采取了惩罚措施。
联 absentee n. 缺席者;absent adj. 不在的,缺席的;absence n. 缺席

absolute[’æbsəlu:t]

adj. ①完全的〈同 total, complete〉
例 After he quit his old job a feeling of absolute freedom befell him.
辞去之前的工作之后,他有一种完全自由的感觉。
②绝对的〈同 definite, certain〉
例 The captain of a ship has the absolute right to jettison cargo when necessary.
船长有绝对的权力在必要时抛弃货物。
联 absolution n. 赦免,赦罪;solute n. 溶解物,溶质;salute v. 敬礼;resolute adj. 坚决的

abut[ə’bʌt]

v. 邻接,毗邻〈同 be next to, border on〉
例 The library abuts the old museum.
图书馆毗邻老博物馆。
联 abet vt. 教唆;debut v. 初进社交界;首次演出

accidental[ˌæksɪ’dentəl]

adj. 意外的,偶然的〈同 unexpected, unforeseen〉
例 The accidental encounter with an old friend, whom he hadn’t seen for two years, made him very excited.
偶然遇到一位两年未见的老朋友,这让他非常兴奋。
联 accidentally adv. 偶然地,意外地;accident n. 意外事件,事故

acclaim[ə’kleɪm]

n. 赞誉,赞许〈同 recognition, praise〉
例 The best-selling author’s new book was greeted with great acclaim.
那位畅销书作家的新书受到了广泛称赞。
vt. 喝彩,欢呼;称赞〈同 hail; praise〉
例 Spectators acclaimed the winner of the competition.
观众们为比赛获胜者欢呼。
联 acclaimed adj. 受赞誉的;acclamation n. 欢呼,喝彩;claim n./v. 主张,要求;declaim v. 演说;exclaim v. 呼喊,大声说;proclaim vt. 宣布,声明;reclaim v. 要求归还

accredit[ə’kredɪt]

vt. 授权〈同 authorize, commission〉
例 Diplomatic negotiations generally take place in embassies where ambassadors are accredited.
外交谈判通常在其大使被授权的大使馆进行。

第二部分

acronym[’ækrənɪm]

n. 用大写字母表示的缩写词〈同 abbreviation〉
例 AIDS is an acronym for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
AIDS是“获得性免疫缺陷综合征”的缩写。

actual[’æktʃʊəl]

adj. 实际的,现行的〈同 real, true〉
例 Our actual expenses for food and clothes last year were much lower than we thought.
去年,我们在吃穿上的实际开支远远低于预期。
联 actually adv. 实际上,事实上;actuate vt. 开动;促使;activate vt. 刺激,使活动;actively adv. 活跃地,积极地

addict[ə’dɪkt]

vt. 使沉溺,使上瘾(be addicted to)〈同 indulge in, be devoted to〉
例 Realizing that she was addicted to cigarettes, Janet decided to quit.
珍妮特意识到自己吸烟上瘾了,因此决定戒烟。

addict[’ædɪkt]

n. 上瘾者
例 The drug addict was required to get medical help.
那个瘾君子被要求接受药物治疗。
联 addictive adj.(使人)上瘾的;addiction n. 沉溺,上瘾;addicted adj. 沉溺的,上瘾的;abdicate v. 放弃,退位;predict v. 预言;dictate v. 口授,听写

additive[’ædətɪv]

n. 添加剂〈同 addition, supplement〉
例 The scientists had to use certain additives to make the drug more powerful.
为了增强药物的药效,科学家们不得不使用特定的添加剂。
联 additional adj. 另外的,附加的,额外的;in addition to 除…之外

adept[ə’dept]

adj. 熟练的,擅长的〈同 competent, skilled〉
例 Mr. Bao is known to be an adept writer. 鲍先生是一位出色的作家。

adjunct[’æʤʌŋkt]

n. 附件,附属〈同 addition, accessory〉
例 I hoped that I would find the computer course a useful adjunct to my other studies.
我希望计算机课对我学习其他课程有辅助作用。

adobe[ə’dəʊbi; ə’dəʊb]

n. 泥砖,土坯〈同 clay, brick〉
例 Adobe is a type of brick made of clay baked in the sun.
泥砖是一种用黏土制成的、在太阳下烤晒而成形的砖。

adorn[ə’dɔ:n]

vt. 装饰〈同 decorate, embellish〉
例 She adorned her hair with flowers.
她把花戴在头发上当装饰。
联 adornment n. 装饰;装饰品;unadorned adj. 未装饰的,朴实的

advisable[əd’vaɪzəbəl]

adj. 适当的;明智的;可取的〈同 suitable; sensible〉
例 It is not advisable for you to go to school while you are still sick.
你还在生病,不应该去学校。
联 advisor n. 顾问;advisory adj. 劝告的;visible adj. 可见的

affinity[ə’fɪnəti]

n. ①紧密关系〈同 connection, relationship〉
例 She felt an affinity with all who suffered; their pains were her pains.
她能与所有遭受痛苦的人产生情感共鸣;他们的痛苦就是她的痛苦。
②吸引;喜爱〈同 attraction; liking〉
例 Many girls have a strong affinity for chocolate candy.
许多女孩特别喜欢巧克力糖。

第三部分

aggregate[’ægrɪgət]

n. ①总数〈同 total, sum〉
例 The aggregate of all the gifts was over $700.
所有礼物的累计价值超过了700美元。
②聚集体〈同 combination〉
例 Society is an aggregate of individuals.
社会是个人的集合体。
联 aggregation n. 集合,群体;gregarious adj. 爱社交的;aggravate v. 加重,使恶化;congregate v. 集合,聚集;segregate v. 隔离

agile[’æʤaɪl]

adj. 敏捷的,活泼轻快的〈同 nimble, quick〉
例 The agile kid climbed up the tree in no time.
那个敏捷的孩子很快就爬到了树上。
联 agility n. 敏捷,活泼;agitate v. 搅动;煽动;agitated adj. 焦虑的,激动的;fragile adj. 易碎的

ailment[’eɪlmənt]

n. 疾病(尤指轻病、小病)〈同 illness, affliction〉
例 A feeble body is always prone to minor ailments.
虚弱的身体往往容易患一些小病。
联 disease n. 疾病;unsoundness n. 不健全

ajar[ə’ʤɑ:(r)]

adj.(门、窗等)微开的〈同 half-open〉
例 She left the door ajar so that she could hear what they were saying.
她把门半开着,这样就能够听到他们在说什么。

akin[ə’kɪn]

adj. 同族的;类似的〈同 related; similar〉
例 His taste in music seems akin to mine.
他在音乐上的品位似乎与我类似。

alignment[ə’laɪnmənt]

n. 排列成行;联合,结盟〈同 arrangement; association〉
例 All four wheels must be in perfect alignment.
四个轮子都必须完全对齐。
联 align v. 结盟;alight vi. 落下

allegory[’ælɪgəri; (US)’ælɪgɔ:ri]

n. 寓言〈同 parable, fable〉
例 Orwell’s Animal Farm is an allegory which uses a farm to illustrate philosophical ideas.
奥威尔的《动物庄园》是一个寓言故事,它用一座农场来说明哲学理念。

alliteration[əˌlɪtə’reɪ∫ən]

n. 头韵
例 “Sally sells sea shells by the seashore”is an alliteration.
“Sally sells sea shells by the seashore”这句话压头韵。

allowance[ə’laʊəns]

n. 津贴;补助〈同 stipend, subsidy〉
例 She was given an allowance of five dollars per week.
她每周获得五美元的补贴。

allude[ə’lu:d]

vi. 暗指,影射,间接提到〈同 imply, hint〉
例 He’s sensitive about his size, so let’s not allude to it.
他对自己的体重非常敏感,所以我们还是别提起它。

第四部分

aloft[ə’lɒft]

adv. 在高处;在空中
例 The spacecraft stayed aloft for two weeks.
太空飞船在空中停留了两周。

aloof[ə’lu:f]

adj. 远离的;冷淡的,漠不关心的〈同 distant, remote; indifferent〉
例 After he dropped out of school, the relationship between him and his friend became aloof.
他辍学之后,与朋友的关系变得日益疏远。

altitude[’æltɪtju:d]

n.(海拔)高度〈同 elevation, height〉
例 The pilot announced that our altitude was 30,000 feet.
飞行员宣布,我们处于30,000英尺的高空中。
联 altimeter n. 高度计;altruism n. 利他主义;altruistic adj. 利他的,无私心的;latitude n. 纬度;platitude n. 陈词滥调

ambience[’æmbɪəns]

n. 周围环境,气氛〈同 atmosphere, environment〉
例 The small park possesses a pleasant ambience that appeals to young people.
这个小公园环境优雅怡人,吸引着年轻人。
联 ambient adj. 周围的;ambition n. 雄心;ambitious adj. 雄心勃勃的;ambiguous adj. 模棱两可的

ambivalent[æm’bɪvələnt]

adj. 有矛盾情绪的,举棋不定的〈同 mixed, contradictory〉
例 He was ambivalent because he wanted to eat a lot of cake, but was determined to lose weight.
他非常矛盾,因为他想吃许多蛋糕,但已经下决定心要减肥了。
联 ambivalence n. 矛盾心理

amble[’æmbəl]

vi. 漫步,缓行〈同 ramble, roam〉
例 The old man ambled through the park.
那位老人缓步穿过公园。
联 scramble
vt. 搅乱,使混杂

amenable[ə’mi:nəbəl]

adj. 顺从的;应服从的〈同 submissive, tractable〉
例 He was amenable to any suggestions which came from those he looked up to.
对于他尊敬的人给出的建议,他都会接受。

amenity[ə’mi:nəti]

n. ①[常作复数]生活福利设施,便利设施
例 There are a lot of amenities in the city such as libraries, cinemas, and hospitals.
城市里有许多便利设施,如图书馆、电影院和医院等。
②(地方、气候等)舒适,宜人〈同 comfort〉
例 We went to Hawaii to enjoy the amenity of a warm climate.
我们去夏威夷享受那里温暖宜人的气候。
联 amity n. 和睦;enmity n. 敌意

amid[ə’mɪd]

prep. 在…中〈同 among〉
例 On the floor, amid many books, were two small envelopes.
地板上的一堆书中间有两个小信封。
联 pyramid n. 金字塔;金字塔现象,越到上面越狭窄的现象

amnesia[æm’ni:zjə; (US)æm’ni:ʒə]

n. 健忘症;记忆缺失
例 After the car accident, he could not identify any of his friends because of amnesia.
车祸发生后,他因为失忆,根本认不出他的任何朋友。
联 amnesty n. 大赦;anemia n. 贫血症;aphasia n. 失语症;malaria n. 疟疾;insomnia n. 失眠,失眠症