第一部分

stark[stɑ:k]

adj. 光秃秃的;荒凉的〈同 bare, desolate〉
例 The walls look so stark and dreary, we decided to cover them with prints and posters.
那些墙壁看起来光秃秃的,死气沉沉,所以我们决定在上面挂上图片和海报。
联 spark n. 火花;lark v. 戏耍 n. 百灵鸟;bark n. 树皮 vi. 狗吠;stiff adj. 硬 的,僵直的;supple adj. 柔软的,柔韧的

stash[stæ∫]

vt. 藏;存放
例 Instead of putting money into new plants and machinery, the businessmen had stashed their earnings abroad.
商人们没有把钱投到新工厂和机械设备上,而是把他们的收入藏到海外。

stately[’steɪtli]

adj. 庄严的,堂皇的〈同 dignified, majestic〉
例 The president gave a stately welcome to the foreign prime minister.
总统隆重欢迎外国总理。stature[’stætʃə(r)]
n. 身高,身材;声望,地位〈同 height; status〉
例 A tall stature is usually a requisite to become a professional basketball player.
高个子通常是成为一名职业篮球运动员的必要条件。

steadfast[’stedfɑ:st]

adj. 坚定的,坚信的〈同 constant; resolute〉
例 To be steadfast is to be like a rock.
要做到坚定不移,就要像石头一样。
联 steady adj. 稳固的;staunch adj. 坚定的

stellar[’stelə(r)]

adj. 星的,星球的〈同 of the stars〉
例 The actress gave a stellar performance in the play and received many bouquets.
那名女演员在剧中做出了精彩的表演,获得了许多赞扬。
联 interstellar adj. 星际的

sterile[’steraɪl; (US)’sterəl]

adj. ①贫瘠的;不育的〈同 barren, infertile〉
例 The sterile couple decided to adopt a baby.
那对无法生育的夫妇决定收养一个孩子。
②消过毒的
例 The doctor only used sterile needles to avoid infecting people with unwanted diseases.
为了防止患者感染有害的疾病,医生只会使用无菌注射器。
联 sterilize vt. 消毒,使无菌;sterilizer n. 杀菌者,杀虫剂;stereo n. 立体声系统,立体声 adj. 立体的;fertile adj. 肥沃的;infertile adj. 贫瘠的,不毛的;barren adj. 不孕的;贫瘠的

stifle[’staɪfəl]

vt. ①使窒息〈同 suffocate, smother〉
例 They were stifled by the smoke.
他们被烟给呛死了。
②扼杀,抑制〈同 suppress, repress〉
例 The police were alerted about the criminal and stifled his plans.
警方察觉了罪犯的犯罪意图,于是扼杀了他的阴谋。
联 muffle v. 裹住 n. 围裹,蒙住;trifle n. 琐事 v. 虚度(光阴);smother v.(使)窒息,闷死

stipend[’staɪpend]

n. 薪水;奖学金;养老金〈同 allowance; pension〉
例 The university offered the best students a monthly stipend.
大学为最优秀的学生每月发放奖学金。
联 stipe n. 柄,叶柄;stipendiary n. 领薪金者

stipulate[’stɪpjʊleɪt]

vt. 约定,规定〈同 detail, specify〉
例 If the contract was framed by a good lawyer, it will stipulate exactly when, where, and how payment is to be made.
如果合同是由一名出色的律师草拟的,里面会明确规定付款的时间、地点和方式。
联 stipulation n. 规定,条款;stipulator n. 订契约的人;stipple n./v. 点画

第二部分

stocky[’stɒki]

adj.(人或动物)矮而结实的,粗壮的〈同 strong, stout〉
例 The stocky construction worker lifted the lumber with ease.
那名健壮的建筑工人轻松地搬起了那块木材。
联 stock n. 树干;库存;股票 v. 存货;stockyard n. 围栏;stodgy adj.(食物)油腻的;枯燥乏味的;stoke v. 添加燃料于炉火中;sticky adj. 黏的

stout[staʊt]

adj. 结实的,勇敢坚定的〈同 stocky, sturdy〉
例 The stout man liked to eat.
那个肥胖的人就喜欢吃。

strand[strænd]

n.(绳、线之)一股〈同 thread〉
例 The strands of thread were twisted together to make rope.
几股线被拧在一起做成一根绳子。

strata[’strɑ:tə]

n. 地层〈同 layer〉
例 The different strata of the Earth tell a history of their own.
地球的不同地层各自代表了一段历史。
联 stratum n. 地层(单数);阶层

strenuous[’strenjʊəs]

adj. 费力的;艰辛的〈同 arduous, laborious〉
例 After a strenuous day of work, Bill slept for 12 hours.
一天的紧张工作之后,比尔睡了12个小时。
联 tenuous adj. 纤细的;sinuous adj. 蜿蜒的,迂回的;strain n. 过度的疲劳,紧张 v. 拉紧;尽力;arduous adj. 费力的;vigorous adj. 精力旺盛的

stringent[’strɪnʤənt]

adj. 严厉的〈同 strict, rigorous〉
例 I think these regulations are too stringent.
我认为这些规定太严格了。
联 stringency n. 严格;紧迫;astringent adj. 收缩的;string n. 线,细绳;stringy adj. 有筋的,多纤维的;contingent adj. 意外的;视情况而定的;tangent n. 切线

stuffy[’stʌfi]

adj. 不通风的,闷气的〈同 suffocating〉
例 The elevator in the office building is always stuffy when people are crowded into it.
人们挤进办公大楼的电梯,使得电梯里总是闷热不堪。
联 stuff n. 物质;原料 v. 填满,填充;stuffing n. 填塞料;fluffy adj. 有绒毛的,蓬松的;huffy adj. 愤怒的;ventilated adj. 通风的

stunning[’stʌnɪŋ]

adj. 让人惊叹的,极好的〈同 brilliant, astonishing〉
例 When we reached the mountain peak, we saw a stunning view of the sunset.
我们到达山顶后,看到了美丽的落日景观。
联 stun vt. 使晕倒,打晕;使震惊

stunt[stʌnt]

n. 惊人表演,绝技;特技〈同 feat〉
例 The stunt is so reckless that someone will surely get hurt.
这种特技太鲁莽了,肯定会有人受伤的。
vt. 阻碍…发育,妨碍…生长〈同 hinder, bar〉
例 This tree is not as large as the others; something must have stunted its growth.
这棵树没有其他树长得那么高大;肯定有什么原因妨碍了它的成长。
联 stuntman n. 特技演员;stunning adj. 漂亮的;stint v. 限制,节制

subside[səb’saɪd]

vi. 平息,减退〈同 die down, appease〉
例 The waves subsided when the winds ceased to blow.
风停了之后,海浪也渐渐平息。
联 subsidence n. 下沉;subsidy n. 补助金,津贴

第三部分

subsist[səb’sɪst]

vi. 活下去;生存〈同 exist, live〉
例 The poor farmer’s family subsists on potatoes.
那个贫穷的农民家庭吃土豆果腹。
联 subsistence n. 生存,生活;subsidy n. 补助金,津贴;subsidize vt. 资助,发给…津贴;existence n. 存在;consistence n. 一致性

substantiate[səb’stæn∫ɪeɪt]

vt. 证实,加强〈同 authenticate, prove〉
例 The new evidence substantiated the defendant’s guilt.
新的证据证明被告有罪。
联 unsubstantiated adj. 未被证实的;substance n. 物质;substantial adj. 坚固的;实质的;substitute n. 代用品,替代品;substitutable adj. 可代替的,可取代的

substantive[’sʌbstəntɪv]

adj. 真实的,有实质的〈同 substantial〉
例 Although the delegates were aware of the importance of the problem, they just could not agree on the substantive issues.
虽然代表们意识到了问题的重要性,但他们就是无法就实质性问题达成一致。
联 substantiate vt. 证明,证实;substantial adj. 坚固的;实质的;可观的

subterranean[ˌsʌbtə’reɪnɪən]

adj. 地下的,地表下的〈同 underground, subsurface〉
例 Hitler committed suicide in his subterranean chamber when the Red Army stormed Berlin.
(苏联)红军攻克柏林的时候,希特勒在他的地下室里自杀了。
联 terrain n. 地形,地势;terrace n. 梯田;terrestrial n. 陆地;territorial adj. 领土的;subsurface adj. 表面下的,地下的

subversive[səb’vɜ:sɪv]

adj. 颠覆性的,破坏性的〈同 undermining, destructive〉
例 Although the general backed the president, he had the subversive intention of usurping his power.
虽然将军支持总统,但他怀着篡夺总统权力的破坏性意图。
联 avert vt. 避开;convert v.(使)转变;(使)改变信仰;divert v.(使)转向;invert v. 翻转;pervert vt. 使变坏;误用;submissive adj. 顺从的

succinct[sək’sɪŋkt]

adj. 简明的,简洁的〈同 concise, laconic〉
例 Her succinct letter was one page long and stayed on one topic.
她简洁的来信只有一张纸,一直在谈论一个话题。
联 succinctly adv. 简洁地,简便地;succulent adj. 多汁的

succumb[sə’kʌm]

vi. 屈服,屈从〈同 yield, surrender〉
例 Besieged by debts, the corporation finally had to succumb to bankruptcy.
那家债务缠身的公司最终不得不屈服,被迫破产。
联 recumbent adj. 斜躺的;incumbent n. 任职者;incumbency n. 任期;encumber vt. 阻碍

sumptuous[’sʌmptjʊəs]

adj. 奢侈的,华丽的〈同 luxurious, magnificent〉
例 The 10-course dinner that the master chef prepared last night was absolutely sumptuous.
昨天晚上,主厨准备的有十道菜的晚餐实在太奢侈了。
联 consumption n. 消费;consumptive adj. 消费的,消耗性的;sumptuary adj. 节省费用的;presumptuous adj. 专横的,傲慢的;sump n. 污水坑,水坑;bumptious adj. 自负的,傲慢的

sunlight[’sʌnlaɪt]

n. 日光,阳光
例 Plants need sunlight to live and grow.
植物需要阳光才能生存和生长。
联 sunlit adj. 被日光(阳光)照射了的;sunshine n. 阳光;sunflower n.【植】向日葵;sunrise n. 日出;sunset n. 日落,晚年;sunburn n. 晒斑,晒黑;sundial n.(通过太阳知道时间的)日规,日晷;sunglasses n. 太阳镜

superfluous[ˌsju:’pɜ:flʊəs]

adj. 多余的〈同 unnecessary, excess〉
例 After I was full, the extra food she offered was superfluous.
我吃饱了之后,她额外上的那些食物便多余了。
联 superfluity n. 多余,额外;supercilious adj. 自大的,傲慢的;mellifluous adj. 优美流畅的;affluent adj. 富裕的;confluent adj. 汇流的

第四部分

superintendent[ˌsju:pərɪn’tendənt]

n. 主管,负责人〈同 director, supervisor〉
例 The superintendent interviewed applicants for the teaching job.
那名负责人面试了申请教师岗位的求职者。
联 superintend v. 监督,管理;supervisor n. 主管人;supermarket n. 超级市场

supernatural[ˌsju:pə’nætʃərəl]

adj. 超自然的,神奇的
例 Many people believe supernatural things like ghosts exist solely in movies.
许多人认为,鬼魂等超自然的东西只存在于电影里。

supplant[sə’plɑ:nt]

vt. 排挤;取代〈同 replace, substitute〉
例 E-mail has supplanted mailing letters.
电子邮件已经取代了邮寄信件。
联 suppliant adj. 恳求的 n. 恳求者;supple adj. 柔软的 v.(使)变柔软;supplement n. 补充

supple[’sʌpl]

adj. 柔软的,灵活的;柔顺的〈同 limber; pliant〉
例 He cut down the supple tree to make a bow for hunting.
他砍倒那棵柔韧的树,来制作打猎用的弓。
联 supplement n./vt. 增补,补充;supply v. 供应;scruple n. 顾忌,顾虑;topple v.(使)倒塌;stipple v. 点画,点刻

surcharge[’sɜ:tʃɑ:ʤ]

n. 增付的费用,附加费
例 The restaurant added a 15% surcharge for groups of guests larger than ten.
酒店对超过十人的团体客人额外收取15%的附加费。

surmount[sə’maʊnt]

vt. 克服;登上;越过〈同 overcome; climb〉
例 The fact that Abraham Lincoln was able to surmount the handicap of limited education does not mean that everyone should quit school.
亚伯拉罕·林肯能够克服受教育不足的障碍,并不意味着所有人都应该辍学。
联 insurmountable adj. 难克服的;mount n. 山丘 v. 爬上;amount n. 总数 vt.(to)总计,等于;surmise n./v. 猜度;surpass vt. 超越,胜过;surplus n. 剩余,过剩

sustenance[’sʌstɪnəns]

n. 食物,生计〈同 food; livelihood〉
例 In the tropics, the natives find sustenance easy to obtain, due to all the fruit trees.
在热带地区,因为到处都是果树,当地人发现很容易便能获得食物。
联 sustain vt. 支撑,承受;sustention n. 支撑,维持

syllable[’sɪləbəl]

n. 音节
例 “Hello”is a two-syllable word.
Hello是一个双音节词。

symbiosis[ˌsɪmbaɪ’əʊsɪs; ˌsɪmbɪ-]

n. 共生(关系),共栖
例 Coral reefs owe their brilliant colors to algae that live in symbiosis with coral polyps.
珊瑚礁绚丽的色彩归因于与珊瑚共生的藻类。
联 symbiotic adj. 共栖的,共生的

symbolize[’sɪmbəlaɪz]

v. 象征〈同 represent; signify〉
例 The eagle symbolizes strength and freedom for Americans.
鹰代表着美国人的力量与自由。
联 symbol n. 符号,记号;象征