第一部分

unscrupulous［ʌn’skru:pjʊləs］

adj. 肆无忌惮的；无道德原则的〈同　unprincipled, immoral〉
例　The unscrupulous student cheated on the test.
那名肆无忌惮的学生竟然在考试中作弊。
联　scrupulous adj. 小心谨慎的；scruple n./v. 顾忌，迟疑；unscrewed adj. 未扭紧的；scrutiny n. 详细审查

unsophisticated［ˌʌnsə’fɪstɪkeɪtɪd］

adj. 不懂世故的，单纯的〈同　naive, innocent〉
例　A child’s view of the world is usually unsophisticated.
孩子的世界观通常非常单纯。

unwieldy［ʌn’wi:ldi］

adj. 笨拙的；（因太大、太重、形状奇特等而）不易被移动的，笨重的〈同　awkward; heavy〉
例　The unwieldy package was expensive to mail overseas.
向海外邮寄这个笨重的包裹，价格非常昂贵。
联　wield vt. 使用；awkward adj. 笨拙的；clumsy adj. 笨拙的；ungainly adj. 难看的；笨手笨脚的；cumbersome adj. 笨重的；unmanageable adj. 无法控制的

upheaval［ʌp’hi:vəl］

n. 剧变，动乱〈同　disturbance, explosion〉
例　The recent layoffs have caused a great upheaval within the corporation.
最近的裁员在公司内造成了动荡。

upright［’ʌpraɪt］

adj. ①垂直的；直立的〈同　vertical; erect〉
例　He was sitting upright in his hospital bed, propped up by pillows.
他用枕头支撑着身体，直直地坐在医院的病床上。
②正直的；诚实的〈同　honest〉
例　The upright politician refused to accept the bribe.
那名正直的政治家拒绝接受贿赂。

uproar［’ʌprɔ:(r)］

n. 喧嚣，骚动〈同　commotion, turmoil〉
例　The car crash caused an uproar throughout the neighborhood.
车祸在整个社区造成了骚动。

uproot［ˌʌp’ru:t］

v. ①连根拔起，拔除〈同　pull up, displace〉
例　It is easier to destroy weeds with a chemical than to uproot them by hand.
用化学药品除去杂草，比用手拔草要容易得多。
②根除，灭绝；赶出家园，被迫移开〈同　abolish, eradicate〉
例　After a year of unsuccessful business, the manager uprooted the company and moved the offices to another city.
经过一年不成功的经营，公司负责人对公司进行了彻底重建，并将办公室搬到了另外一个城市。

upside-down［ˌʌpsaɪd’daʊn］

adj. 颠倒的〈同　inverted〉
例　Bats like to sleep upside-down.
蝙蝠喜欢倒挂着睡觉。

utilitarian［ˌjʊtɪlɪ’teərɪən］

adj. 功利的；实利的〈同　practical, useful〉
例　She was not a utilitarian shopper and always wasted money on things that were unnecessary or worthless.
她并不是实用主义的购物者，经常把钱浪费在不需要或没有价值的东西上。
联　utilize vt. 利用

utmost［’ʌtməʊst］

adj. 极度的；最大程度的；最远的〈同　extreme, greatest〉
例　Jack’s employer gave his utmost recommendation for Jack’s application.
杰克的雇主对他的申请进行了极力推荐。

第二部分

vanity［’vænɪti］

n. 虚荣，自负〈同　conceit, arrogance〉
例　The vanity of the rich friends was evident in their conversation about who had the most money.
这些富有的朋友们在谈论谁最有钱时，他们的虚荣心表现得一览无余。

varnish［’vɑ:nɪ∫］

vt. 涂上清漆，粉饰〈同　lacquer, glaze〉
例　The wooden porch was varnished to protect it from bad weather.
木制门廊被涂了漆，以保护其免受恶劣天气的侵蚀。
n. 清漆
例　The carpenter used a whole bottle of varnish for the wooden boat he built.
木匠在他建造的木船上涂了一整瓶清漆。

venom［’venəm］

n. ①（蛇的）毒液〈同　poison〉
例　He tied a rope around the snake bite so the venom wouldn’t reach his heart.
他在被蛇咬的伤口周围绑上了一根绳子，这样毒液就不会进入他的心脏了。
②恶意，怨恨〈同　spite, malice〉
例　They spoke of their enemies with venom.
他们用恶毒的话谈论敌人。
联　venomed adj. 恶毒的，含有恶意的；venomous adj. 有毒的；venous adj. 静脉的

vertebrate［’vɜ:tɪbreɪt; -brət］

n./adj. 脊椎动物（的）
例　Vertebrates are animals that have a spinal column.
脊椎动物是长有脊柱的动物。
联　invertebrate n./adj. 无脊椎动物（的）

vestige［’vestɪʤ］

n. 痕迹，遗迹，残余〈同　remnant, remains〉
例　We discovered vestiges of early Indian life in the cave.
我们在山洞里发现了早期印第安人生活的痕迹。
联　investigation n. 调查；investigate v. 调查；investigative adj. 研究的；vest n. 背心

viable［’vaɪəbəl］

adj. ①可行的，切实可行的〈同　feasible, practicable〉
例　After high expenses and no profit for a year, the company’s only viable solution was to file for bankruptcy.
经过一年的高开支和零利润，这家公司唯一可行的解决方案就是申请破产。
②能活下去的〈同　alive, growing〉
例　The infant, though born prematurely, is viable and has a good chance to survive.
那个婴儿虽然是早产，但依然能够存活，生存下来的机会很大。
联　viability n. 生存能力；发育能力

vibrant［’vaɪbrənt］

adj. 活泼的；生气勃勃的〈同　lively, energetic〉
例　His mother advised he get enough sleep so he can be vibrant in the morning for his interview.
他妈妈建议他保持充足的睡眠，这样在参加上午面试的时候他才能精神饱满。

vie［vaɪ］

v. 竞争〈同　compete, rival〉
例　Light vies with darkness. 光明与黑暗针锋相对。
联　via prep. 通过，经由；vice n. 恶习，恶行

vigilance［’vɪʤɪləns］

n. 警戒，警惕〈同　watchfulness, caution〉
例　Constant vigilance is necessary in order to avoid car accidents.
为了避免车祸，始终保持警觉是很有必要的。

viscosity［vɪs’kɒsəti］

n. 黏度，黏性〈同　viscidity, stickiness〉
例　The mechanic’s hands were always dirty, mostly because of the viscosity of oil.
那名技工的双手总是很脏，这很大程度上是由于油的黏性。
联　viscous adj. 黏滞的，黏性的

第三部分

virtue［’vɜ:tju:］

n. 美德〈同　merit, goodness〉
例　Mr. Bao is the incarnation of virtue; he has never done anything wrong since he was born.
鲍先生就是美德的化身；他自从出生以来，从未做过任何错事。
联　virtually adv. 事实上，实质上；virtuosity n. 艺术鉴别力

vista［’vɪstə］

n. 景色〈同　outlook, view〉
例　The vista from the top of the mountain is majestic.
从山顶看到的景色非常雄伟壮丽。

volatile［’vɒlətaɪl; (US)-təl］

adj. ①挥发性的〈同　evaporable〉
例　Alcohol is an example of a volatile liquid.
酒精是一种典型的挥发性液体。
②可变的，不稳定的〈同　unstable, changeable〉
例　The boss was very volatile in the morning and all his employees would avoid him then.
老板在早上的时候情绪非常不稳定，所以所有员工在那个时间都避开他。

voracious［və’reɪ∫əs］

adj. 狼吞虎咽的，贪婪的〈同　greedy, insatiable〉
例　The wolf is a voracious animal; its hunger is never satisfied.
狼是一种贪婪的动物；它的饥饿永远得不到满足。
联　vociferous adj. 大声的，嘈杂的

walkout［’wɔ:kaʊt］

n. 罢工〈同　strike〉
例　After the walkout, the workers and the company officials held negotiations to resolve the situation.
罢工结束后，工人们和公司领导进行了谈判，以解决当前的问题。

wane［weɪn］

vi. 减少；衰落〈同　decline, dwindle〉
例　The fame of celebrities often starts to wane.
名人的名气经常会开始减弱。
联　wade v. 跋涉，涉水；cane n. 手杖，藤条；lane n. 小巷；pane n. 窗格玻璃；sane adj. 健全的；bane n. 毒药；祸害

warrior［’wɒrɪə(r); (US)’wɔ:rɪər］

n. 战士，勇士〈同　fighter, combatant〉
例　The warrior fought bravely on the battleground.
那位战士在战场上英勇奋战。
联　warship n. 军舰，战船；wartime n. 战时；warworn adj. 疲于战争的

wary［’weəri］

adj. 小心翼翼的，机警小心的〈同　cautious, discreet〉
例　Marilyn’s mother told her to be wary of strangers.
玛丽莲的妈妈告诉她要提防陌生人。
联　warily adv. 留心地，小心地，警惕地

weird［wɪəd］

adj. 怪诞的，奇异的〈同　queer, strange〉
例　She looked weird with that horrible makeup on her face.
她脸上糟糕的妆容让她看起来非常奇怪。
联　wield vt. 挥舞；weld v. 焊接；uncanny adj. 离奇的；eerie adj. 怪诞的，可怕的

well-being［’welbi:ɪŋ］

n. 安宁；福利〈同　welfare, benefit〉
例　The many foreign investments improved the well-being of the country’s economy.
众多国外投资促进了该国经济的健康发展。

第四部分

whim［wɪm; (US)hwɪm］

n. 心血来潮；怪念头〈同　impulse, caprice〉
例　People were uncertain about her whim to marry that rich old fellow.
人们无法确信她要嫁给那个有钱老男人的怪念头。
联　whimsical adj. 反复无常的；古怪的；whimmy adj. 异想天开的；心血来潮的

wholesale［’həʊlseɪl］

adj. ①批发的
例　A rise in the wholesale prices precedes a sharp increase in the retail level.
批发价格上涨之后，零售价格也开始大幅上涨。
②大规模的〈同　large-scale〉
例　Many people were angered by the wholesale slaughter of birds.
许多人被大批捕杀鸟类的行为激怒了。
联　wholesaler n. 批发商；retail n./v. 零售；salesclerk n. 店员；salesman n. 售货员，推销员

wholesome［’həʊlsəm］

adj. 身心健康的；朝气蓬勃的〈同　healthful, beneficial〉
例　Janet is not really pretty, but her sparkling personality and wholesome charm make her very attractive.
珍妮特其实并不漂亮，但她活泼的个性和朝气蓬勃的魅力让她非常迷人。

wildlife［’waɪldlaɪf］

n. 野生动植物〈同　wilding〉
例　The forest was preserved as a national park for the sake of the rare wildlife in it.
那片森林被评为国家公园，以保护里面的稀有野生动植物。

witty［’wɪti］

adj. 机智的；风趣的〈同　clever; humorous〉
例　The politician always started his speeches with a witty joke in order to get the audience smiling.
为了引观众发笑，那个政治家的演讲总会以一个诙谐的笑话开场。

woods［wʊdz］

n. 森林，树林〈同　forest, woodland〉
例　The man liked to go to the woods on the weekends to hunt for deer.
那个男人喜欢周末去树林里猎鹿。
联　cottonwood n.【植】三叶杨，棉白杨；softwood n. 软木材

wring［rɪŋ］

vt. 绞，拧，扭〈同　twist, squeeze〉
例　I wrung the water out of the sponge and wiped the counter.
我拧出海绵里的水，然后用它擦柜台。
联　wringer n. 绞干器；wrinkle n. 皱纹；wrench n. 扳手 v. 猛扭，绞痛；writhe v.（因巨痛而）扭动身体

yardstick［’jɑ:dstɪk］

n. 码尺；准绳〈同　standard〉
例　He used a yardstick to measure the size of the room.
他用码尺来测量房间的大小。
联　yardman n. 园丁；yardmeasure n. 码尺；matchstick n. 火柴杆；stickpin n. 领带夹

zenith［’zenɪθ］

n. 顶点，顶峰〈同　pinnacle, peak〉
例　Bill Clinton reached the zenith of his career in 1992.
1992年，比尔·克林顿达到了职业的巅峰。

zigzag［’zɪgzæg］

adj. ①曲折的〈同　sinuous〉
例　Life today is nervous, sharp, and zigzag.
如今的生活紧张、快速、曲折。
②锯齿形的，Z字形的〈同　jagged〉
例　Our journey lay through the zigzag path through the woods.
我们的行程是沿一条蜿蜒的小路穿过树林。
联　crooked adj. 弯曲的，扭曲的；crank n. 曲柄；jagged adj. 凹口的，锯齿状的；serrated adj. 锯齿状的；indented adj. 锯齿状的