ansible

　　　参数详解：

  1. [root@localhost ~]# ansible
  2. Usage: ansible <host-pattern> [options]
  4. Options:
  5.   -a MODULE_ARGS, --args=MODULE_ARGS    模块的参数,如果执行默认COMMAND的模块，即是命令参数,如：“date”,"pwd"等等
  6.                         module arguments    模块参数
  7.   -k, --ask-pass        ask for SSH password  登录密码，提示输入SSH密码而不是假设基于密钥的验证
  8.   --ask-su-pass         ask for su password    su切换密码
  9.   -K, --ask-sudo-pass   ask for sudo password  提示密码使用sudo,sudo表示提权操作
  10.   --ask-vault-pass      ask for vault password
  11.   -B SECONDS, --background=SECONDS     后台运行超时时间
  12.                         run asynchronously, failing after X seconds
  13.                         (default=N/A)
  14.   -C, --check           don't make any changes; instead, try to predict some    只是测试一下会改变什么内容，不会真正去执行;相反,试图预测一些可能发生的变化
  15.                         of the changes that may occur
  16.   -c CONNECTION, --connection=CONNECTION   连接类型使用。可能的选项是paramiko(SSH),SSH和地方。当地主要是用于crontab或启动。
  17.                         connection type to use (default=smart)
  18.   -f FORKS, --forks=FORKS   并行任务数。NUM被指定为一个整数,默认是5
  19.                         specify number of parallel processes to use
  20.                         (default=5)
  21.   -h, --help            show this help message and exit   打开帮助文档API
  22.   -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY    指定库存主机文件的路径,默认为/etc/ansible/hosts
  23.                         specify inventory host file
  24.                         (default=/etc/ansible/hosts)
  25.   -l SUBSET, --limit=SUBSET    进一步限制所选主机/组模式  --limit=192.168.91.135 只对这个ip执行
  26.                         further limit selected hosts to an additional pattern
  27.   --list-hosts          outputs a list of matching hosts; does not execute
  28.                         anything else
  29.   -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name=MODULE_NAME   执行模块的名字，默认使用 command 模块，所以如果是只执行单一命令可以不用 -m参数
  30.                         module name to execute (default=command)
  31.   -M MODULE_PATH, --module-path=MODULE_PATH    要执行的模块的路径，默认为/usr/share/ansible/
  32.                         specify path(s) to module library
  33.                         (default=/usr/share/ansible/)
  34.   -o, --one-line        condense output      压缩输出，摘要输出.尝试一切都在一行上输出。
  35.   -P POLL_INTERVAL, --poll=POLL_INTERVAL    调查背景工作每隔数秒。需要- b
  36.                         set the poll interval if using -B (default=15)
  37.   --private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE    私钥路径，使用这个文件来验证连接
  38.                         use this file to authenticate the connection
  39.   -S, --su              run operations with su    用 su 命令
  40.   -R SU_USER, --su-user=SU_USER      指定SU的用户，默认是root用户
  41.                         run operations with su as this user (default=root)
  42.   -s, --sudo            run operations with sudo (nopasswd)    
  43.   -U SUDO_USER, --sudo-user=SUDO_USER    sudo到哪个用户，默认为 root  
  44.                         desired sudo user (default=root)
  45.   -T TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT    指定SSH默认超时时间，  默认是10S
  46.                         override the SSH timeout in seconds (default=10)
  47.   -t TREE, --tree=TREE  log output to this directory     将日志内容保存在该输出目录,结果保存在一个文件中在每台主机上。
  48.   -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER    远程用户， 默认是root用户
  49.                         connect as this user (default=root)
  50.   --vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE  
  51.                         vault password file
  52.   -v, --verbose         verbose mode (-vvv for more, -vvvv to enable    详细信息
  53.                         connection debugging)
  54.   --version             show program's version number and exit   输出ansible的版本

特殊说明：

  1. ansible是指令核心部分，其主要用于执行ad-hoc（点对点）命令，即单条命令。默认后面需要跟主机和选项部分，默认不指定模块时，使用的是command模块。

  2. 默认使用的模块是可以在ansible.cfg 中进行修改的。 /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg

举例：

[root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.91.137 -a ‘pwd’
192.168.91.137 | success | rc=0 >>
/root

ansible-doc

　　　参数详解：

  1. [root@localhost ~]# ansible-doc  -h
  2. Usage: ansible-doc [options] [module...]
  4. Show Ansible module documentation     显示Ansible模块文档
  6. Options:
  7.   --version             show program's version number and exit    显示ansible-doc的版本号
  8.   -h, --help            show this help message and exit  显示命令参数API文档
  9.   -M MODULE_PATH, --module-path=MODULE_PATH   查询模块，--module-path=MODULE_PATH  指定模块的路径
  10.                         Ansible modules/ directory
  11.   -l, --list            List available modules   显示已存在的所有模块列表
  12.   -s, --snippet         Show playbook snippet for specified module(s)   显示playbook制定模块的用法
  13.   -v                    Show version number and exit   显示ansible-doc的版本号

　　　举例：

　　　　　　$ ansible-doc -l
　　　　　　$ ansible-doc -s command

ansible-galaxy

参数详解：

  1. [root@localhost ~]# ansible-galaxy -h
  2. Usage: ansible-galaxy [init|info|install|list|remove] [--help] [options] ...
  4. Options:
  5.   -h, --help  show this help message and exit
  7. See 'ansible-galaxy <command> --help' for more information on a specific command.


特殊说明：

ansible-galaxy 指令用于方便的从https://galaxy.ansible.com/ 站点下载第三方扩展模块，我们可以形象的理解其类似于centos下的yum、python下的pip或easy_install

举例：

[root@localhost ~]# ansible-galaxy install aeriscloud.docker
- downloading role ‘docker’, owned by aeriscloud
- downloading role from https://github.com/AerisCloud/ansible-docker/archive/v1.0.0.tar.gz
- extracting aeriscloud.docker to /etc/ansible/roles/aeriscloud.docker
- aeriscloud.docker was installed successfully

ansible-playbook

　参数详解：

  1. [root@localhost ~]# ansible-playbook -h
  2. Usage: ansible-playbook playbook.yml
  4. Options:
  5.   -k, --ask-pass        ask for SSH password
  6.   --ask-su-pass         ask for su password
  7.   -K, --ask-sudo-pass   ask for sudo password
  8.   --ask-vault-pass      ask for vault password
  9.   -C, --check           don't make any changes; instead, try to predict some
  10.                         of the changes that may occur
  11.   -c CONNECTION, --connection=CONNECTION
  12.                         connection type to use (default=smart)
  13.   -D, --diff            when changing (small) files and templates, show the
  14.                         differences in those files; works great with --check
  15.   -e EXTRA_VARS, --extra-vars=EXTRA_VARS
  16.                         set additional variables as key=value or YAML/JSON
  17.   --force-handlers      run handlers even if a task fails
  18.   -f FORKS, --forks=FORKS
  19.                         specify number of parallel processes to use
  20.                         (default=5)
  21.   -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  22.   -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY
  23.                         specify inventory host file
  24.                         (default=/etc/ansible/hosts)
  25.   -l SUBSET, --limit=SUBSET
  26.                         further limit selected hosts to an additional pattern
  27.   --list-hosts          outputs a list of matching hosts; does not execute
  28.                         anything else
  29.   --list-tasks          list all tasks that would be executed
  30.   -M MODULE_PATH, --module-path=MODULE_PATH
  31.                         specify path(s) to module library
  32.                         (default=/usr/share/ansible/)
  33.   --private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE
  34.                         use this file to authenticate the connection
  35.   --skip-tags=SKIP_TAGS
  36.                         only run plays and tasks whose tags do not match these
  37.                         values
  38.   --start-at-task=START_AT
  39.                         start the playbook at the task matching this name
  40.   --step                one-step-at-a-time: confirm each task before running
  41.   -S, --su              run operations with su
  42.   -R SU_USER, --su-user=SU_USER
  43.                         run operations with su as this user (default=root)
  44.   -s, --sudo            run operations with sudo (nopasswd)
  45.   -U SUDO_USER, --sudo-user=SUDO_USER
  46.                         desired sudo user (default=root)
  47.   --syntax-check        perform a syntax check on the playbook, but do not
  48.                         execute it
  49.   -t TAGS, --tags=TAGS  only run plays and tasks tagged with these values
  50.   -T TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT
  51.                         override the SSH timeout in seconds (default=10)
  52.   -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER
  53.                         connect as this user (default=root)
  54.   --vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE
  55.                         vault password file
  56.   -v, --verbose         verbose mode (-vvv for more, -vvvv to enable
  57.                         connection debugging)
  58.   --version             show program's version number and exit

ansible-pull

　　参数详解：

  1. [root@localhost ~]# ansible-pull -h
  2. Usage: ansible-pull [options] [playbook.yml]
  4. Options:
  5.   -K, --ask-sudo-pass   ask for sudo password    
  6.   -C CHECKOUT, --checkout=CHECKOUT
  7.                         branch/tag/commit to checkout.  Defaults to behavior
  8.                         of repository module.
  9.   -d DEST, --directory=DEST    
  10.                         directory to checkout repository to
  11.   -e EXTRA_VARS, --extra-vars=EXTRA_VARS
  12.                         set additional variables as key=value or YAML/JSON
  13.   -f, --force           run the playbook even if the repository could not be
  14.                         updated
  15.   -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  16.   -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY    指定库存主机文件的路径,默认为/etc/ansible/hosts
  17.                         location of the inventory host file
  18.   -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name=MODULE_NAME   从仓库检查的模块名，默认是git
  19.                         Module name used to check out repository.  Default is
  20.                         git.
  21.   -o, --only-if-changed   
  22.                         only run the playbook if the repository has been
  23.                         updated
  24.   --purge               purge checkout after playbook run   
  25.   -s SLEEP, --sleep=SLEEP
  26.                         sleep for random interval (between 0 and n number of
  27.                         seconds) before starting. this is a useful way to
  28.                         disperse git requests
  29.   -U URL, --url=URL     URL of the playbook repository
  30.   --vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE
  31.                         vault password file
  32.   -v, --verbose         Pass -vvvv to ansible-playbook

ansible-vault

　　参数详解：

  1. [root@localhost ~]# ansible-vault 
  2. Usage: ansible-vault [create|decrypt|edit|encrypt|rekey] [--help] [options] file_name
  4. Options:
  5.   -h, --help  show this help message and exit
  7. See 'ansible-vault <command> --help' for more information on a specific command.

特殊说明：

　　ansible-vault主要应用于配置文件中含有敏感信息，又不希望他能被人看到，vault可以帮你加密/解密这个配置文件，属高级用法。主要对于playbooks里比如涉及到配置密码或其他变量时，可以通过该指令加密，这样我们通过cat看到的会是一个密码串类的文件，编辑的时候需要输入事先设定的密码才能打开。这种playbook文件在执行时，需要加上 –ask-vault-pass参数，同样需要输入密码后才能正常执行。具体该部分可以参查官方博客。

参考资料

　　ansible中文权威指南：
　　http://www.ansible.com.cn/

　　ansible小结（二）：ansible结构：
　　http://ju.outofmemory.cn/entry/143179