环境示例：

[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Oct 15 04:27:16 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
内存：512M 硬盘：20G
操作系统：Linux Cent OS 6.6 64位
软件： 略
依赖rpm包：略

  1. rpm -ivh keyutils-libs-devel-1.4-5.el6.x86_64.rpm
  2. rpm -ivh openssl098e-0.9.8e-18.el6_5.2.x86_64.rpm
  3. rpm -ivh perl-WWW-Curl-4.09-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
  4. rpm -ivh zlib-devel-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64.rpm
  6. rpm -e e2fsprogs-libs-1.41.12-21.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
  7. rpm -ivh e2fsprogs-libs-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpm
  8. e2fsprogs-libs-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpm
  9. rpm -e libcom_err-1.41.12-21.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
  10. rpm -ivh libcom_err-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpm
  11. --->libcom_err-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpm
  12. rpm -e e2fsprogs-1.41.12-21.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
  13. rpm -ivh e2fsprogs-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpm
  14. e2fsprogs-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpm
  15. rpm -e libss-1.41.12-21.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
  16. rpm -ivh libss-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpm
  17. --->libss-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpm
  18. rpm -e krb5-libs-1.10.3-33.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
  19. rpm -ivh krb5-libs-1.10.3-42.el6.x86_64.rpm
  21. krb5-devel-1.10.3-42.el6.x86_64.rpm
  22. libcom_err-devel
  23. rpm -ivh libcom_err-devel-1.41.12-22.el6.x86_64.rpm
  24. libselinux-devel
  25. libsepol-devel       
  26. rpm -ivh libsepol-devel-2.0.41-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
  27. rpm -ivh libselinux-devel-2.0.94-5.8.el6.x86_64.rpm
  29. rpm -e openssl-1.0.1e-30.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
  30. rpm -ivh openssl-1.0.1e-42.el6_7.2.x86_64.rpm
  32. rpm -ivh krb5-devel-1.10.3-42.el6.x86_64.rpm
  33. rpm -ivh openssl-devel-1.0.1e-42.el6_7.2.x86_64.rpm
  35. rpm -ivh openssl-perl-1.0.1e-42.el6_7.2.x86_64.rpm
  36. rpm -ivh openssl-static-1.0.1e-42.el6_7.2.x86_64.rpm
  38. rpm -ivh ipvsadm-1.26-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
  39. rpm -ivh libnl-devel-1.1.4-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
  40. rpm -ivh popt-devel-1.13-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
  41. rpm -ivh popt-static-1.13-7.el6.x86_64.rpm

安装Keeplived依赖

安装 openssl
yum install openssl -y
安装popt
yum install popt -y
安装ipvsadm
yum install ipvsadm -y
安装libnl-dev
yum install libnl-dev* -y

安装Keepalived

keepalived安装包地址：
http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.16.tar.gz
下载解压后编译配置
tar –zxvf keepalived-1.2.16.tar.gz
./configure —prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
编译配置需要确保一下几项为Yes状态：
Use IPVS Framework : Yes
IPVS sync daemon support : Yes
IPVS use libnl : Yes
Use VRRP Framework : Yes
然后就可以编译安装了：
make && make install
因为没有使用keepalived的默认路径安装（默认是/usr/local）,安装完成之后，需要做一些工作：
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
#复制keepalived启动文件到默认路径，也可以通过设置环境变量的path实现
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
#复制服务启动脚本到，以便可以通过service控制keepalived服务
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
#复制keepalived服务脚本到默认的地址，也通过修改init.d/keepalived文件中的相应配置实现
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
#复制默认配置文件到默认路径，其实也可以在/etc/init.d/keepalived中设置路径
chkconfig keepalived on【可执行可不执行】
#开机启动服务

配置Keepalived

配置文件地址：/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
标识为红色的是需要跟修改的配置。详情请用ipconfig命令查看

主服务器

  1. global_defs
  2. {
  3. notification_email    #通知email，根据实际情况配置
  4. {
  5. admin@example.com
  6. }
  7. notification_email_from admin@example.com
  8. smtp_server 127.0.0.1
  9. stmp_connect_timeout 30
  10. router_id node1         #节点名标识，主要用于通知中
  11. }
  13. vrrp_instance VI_NODE {
  14.   state MASTER          #配置为主服务器
  15.   interface eth0        #通讯网卡
  16.   virtual_router_id 100 #路由标识
  17.   priority 200          #优先级，0-254
  18.   advert_int 5          #通知间隔，实际部署时可以设置小一点，减少延时
  20.   authentication {
  21.     auth_type PASS
  22.     auth_pass 123456    #验证密码，用于通讯主机间验证
  23.   }
  25.   virtual_ipaddress {
  26.     192.168.26.120       #虚拟ip，可以定义多个
  27.   }
  28. }

从服务器

  1. global_defs {
  2.   notification_email {
  3.     admin@example.com
  4.   }
  5.   notification_email_from admin@example.com
  6.   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
  7.   stmp_connect_timeout 30
  8.   router_id node2
  9. }
  11. vrrp_instance VI_NODE {
  12.   state BACKUP           #与主服务器对应
  13.   interface eth0         #从服务器的通信网卡
  14.   virtual_router_id 100  #路由标识，和主服务器相同
  15.   priority 100           #优先级，小于主服务器即可
  16.   advert_int 5           #这里是接受通知间隔，与主服务器要设置相同
  18.   authentication {
  19.    auth_type PASS
  20.     auth_pass 123456     #验证密码，与主服务器相同
  21.   }
  23.   virtual_ipaddress {
  24.     192.168.26.120        #虚拟IP，也要和主服务器相同
  25.   }
  26. }

上面的设置是最基础的设置，实现的功能是如果主服务器的Keepalived停止服务（一般情况下服务器宕机），则将虚拟IP切换至从服务器，主服务器恢复后从新切换回主服务器。

注意点：

  1. virtual_ipaddress必须配置一致

  2. adver_int的时间必须配置一致

  3. 当主重启启动的时候，必须将主的有限级降低一点。

启动Keepalived

  • 关闭防火墙

service iptables stop

  • 启动主的keepalived

service keepalived start

成功日志：

Jan 13 01:21:58 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[10544]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.26.120 added
Jan 13 01:21:58 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[10545]: VRRP_Instance(VI_NODE) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.26.120

查看IP是否绑定成功：
ip a show|awk ‘/inet\ /‘

如:
[root@localhost ~]# ip a show|awk ‘/inet\ /‘

  1.         inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo<br />            inet 192.168.26.130/24 brd 192.168.26.255 scope global eth0<br />            inet 192.168.26.120/32 scope global eth0

绑定成功！！！！

  • 启动从的keepalived

Service keepalived start

启动成功日志：

Jan 13 01:25:55 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[6115]: VRRP_Instance(VI_NODE) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.26.120
Jan 13 01:25:55 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[6114]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.26.120 added

  • 查看IP漂移

杀死主服务器：
Service keepalived stop | killall keepalived

主的日志：
Jan 13 01:25:54 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[10544]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.26.120 removed
从的日志：
Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.26.120
Jan 13 01:25:55 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[6114]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.26.120 added

  • 重新启动主keepalived不影响从运行

重新修改主的keepalived.conf文件
设置virtual_router_id的优先级小于从的优先级既可。
重启服务：service keepalived start

ISSUE

QA：./keepalived** –f **keepalived.conf导致启动的时候卡住

日志报错：
Jan 13 00:24:56 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[5596]: Using LinkWat
ch kernel netlink reflector…
日志停止

解决办法：后面keepalived.conf配置为绝对路径。

QA:** **采用绝对路径的方式执行过去有可能还会卡住。

Jan 13 00:36:11 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[10051]: VRRP_Instance(VI_NODE) Transition to MASTER STATE
Jan 13 00:36:12 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[10051]: VRRP_Instance(VI_NODE) Entering MASTER STATE

解决办法：采用服务的方式，service keepalived start。

QA：路由标识不一致时，导致启动失败。

Jan 13 00:37:34 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[5725]: ip address associated with VRID not present in received packet : 192.168.26.200
Jan 13 00:37:34 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[5725]: one or more VIP associated with VRID mismatch actual MASTER advert
Jan 13 00:37:34 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[5725]: bogus VRRP packet received on eth0 !!!
Jan 13 00:37:34 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[5725]: VRRP_Instance(VI_NODE) ignoring received advertisment…

解决办法：从服务器和主服务器之间的路由标识要配置相同。

比如
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
virtual_router_id 60 主从方都要改，默认为51

QA：通知时间不一致，导致启动失败

Jan 13 00:50:30 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[5824]: VRRP_Instance(VI_NODE) Dropping received VRRP packet…
Jan 13 00:50:31 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[5824]: advertissement interval mismatch mine=5000000 rcved=1
Jan 13 00:50:31 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[5824]: Sync instance needed on eth0 !!!

解决办法：修改主和从的配置文件的时间，重启服务既可。

比如：
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
将通知时间advert_int修改为一致即可。