广播函数列表
说明:帮助刚方便使用广播的工具类,使用简单。
registerBroadcastK :注册广播
unregisterBroadcastK:解除注册
sendBroadcastK :发送广播
一. 介绍
广播,是一个全局的监听器,属于Android
四大组件之一. 主要用于监听 / 接收 应用 App
发出的广播消息,并 做出响应.
应用场景有:
Android
不同组件间的通信(含 :应用内 / 不同应用之间)- 多线程通信
- 与
Android
系统在特定情况下的通信
二. 分类
广播被分为两种不同的类型:“普通广播(Normal broadcasts)”和“有序广播(Ordered broadcasts)”。普通广播是完全异步的,可以在同一时刻(逻辑上)被所有接收者接收到,消息传递的效率比较高,但缺点是:接收者不能将处理结果传递给下一个接收者,并且无法终止广播Intent的传播;然而有序广播是按照接收者声明的优先级别(声明在intent-filter元素的android:priority属性中,数越大优先级别越高,取值范围:-1000到1000。也可以调用IntentFilter对象的setPriority()进行设置),被接收者依次接收广播。如:A的级别高于B,B的级别高于C,那么,广播先传给A,再传给B,最后传给C。A得到广播后,可以往广播里存入数据,当广播传给B时,B可以从广播中得到A存入的数据。
1. 静态注册(8.0以后无法使用)
1.无序广播,开发者自身定义 intent
的广播(最常用)
发送方式,显示隐式都可以
public void normalListener(View view) {
// Intent intent = new Intent(this, NormalBroadCaseReceiver.class);
// intent.putExtra("key","broad");
// sendBroadcast(intent);
//隐式启动,如果有多个静态注册的广播action 相同,都会收到
// Intent intent1 = new Intent();
// intent1.setAction("com.kiwilss.broadcase1");
// intent1.putExtra("key", "broad");
// sendBroadcast(intent1);
//8.0以后,想发送成功就要加上 intent1.setPackage(getPackageName());
//原因:谷歌在8.0后为了提高效率,删除了静态注册,防止关闭App后广播还在,
// 造成内存泄漏, 现在静态注册的广播需要指定包名,而动态注册就没有这个问题
Intent intent1 = new Intent();
intent1.setAction("com.kiwilss.broadcase1");
intent1.putExtra("key", "broad");
intent1.setPackage(getPackageName());
sendBroadcast(intent1);
}
自定义广播
NormalBroadCaseReceiverpublic class NormalBroadCaseReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@SuppressLint("UnsafeProtectedBroadcastReceiver")
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.e(TAG, "onReceive: "+intent.getStringExtra("key") );
}
}
NormalBroadCaseReceiver2
public class NormalBroadCaseReceiver2 extends BroadcastReceiver {
@SuppressLint("UnsafeProtectedBroadcastReceiver")
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.e(TAG, "normal2-------onReceive: "+intent.getStringExtra("key") );
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml里注册
- 属性说明:
```java
- 属性说明:
```java
//用于指定此广播接收器将接收的广播类型
//本示例中给出的是用于接收网络状态改变时发出的广播
- 注册示例
```java
<receiver android:name=".broadcastreceiver.NormalBroadCaseReceiver" tools:ignore="ExportedReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.kiwilss.broadcase1"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver android:name=".broadcastreceiver.NormalBroadCaseReceiver2" tools:ignore="ExportedReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.kiwilss.broadcase1"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
当此 App
首次启动时,系统会自动实例化mBroadcastReceiver
类,并注册到系统中。
- 测试结果
04-18 15:52:46.360 12305-12305/com.kiwilss.lxkj.fourassembly E/MMM: onReceive: broad
04-18 15:52:46.363 12305-12305/com.kiwilss.lxkj.fourassembly E/MMM: normal2———-onReceive: broad
2.有序广播,静态注册
发送方法和无序广播类似
public void orderlyListener(View view) {
//和无序广播类似
Intent intent1 = new Intent();
intent1.setAction("com.kiwilss.broadcase2");
//intent1.putExtra("key","broad");
intent1.putExtra("key", "orderly");
//null 表示没有权限限制
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent1, null);
}
自定义广播, 有序广播可以中断传递, 也可以新增传递信息
OrderlyBroadcastReceiverpublic class OrderlyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.e(TAG, "onReceive: "+intent.getStringExtra("key"));
if (TextUtils.equals("orderly",intent.getStringExtra("key"))) {
//中断传递
abortBroadcast();
}else {
//传递新的信息给下一个广播
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("broad","新的信息");
setResultExtras(bundle);
}
}
}
OrderlyBroadcastReceiver2
public class OrderlyBroadcastReceiver2 extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.e(TAG, "onReceive22 : "+intent.getStringExtra("key"));
Bundle bundle = getResultExtras(true);
String broad = bundle.getString("broad");
Log.e(TAG, "onReceive222 : "+ broad );
}
}
在清单文件中设定优先级
<!--可以设置广播的优先级-->
<receiver android:name=".broadcastreceiver.OrderlyBroadcastReceiver"
>
<intent-filter android:priority="100">
<action android:name="com.kiwilss.broadcase2"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver android:name=".broadcastreceiver.OrderlyBroadcastReceiver2"
>
<intent-filter android:priority="90">
<action android:name="com.kiwilss.broadcase2"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
4.测试结果
中断传播结果:
04-18 16:23:30.380 15795-15795/com.kiwilss.lxkj.fourassembly E/MMM: onReceive: orderly
新增信息结果:
04-18 16:30:35.026 16342-16342/com.kiwilss.lxkj.fourassembly E/MMM: onReceive: broad
04-18 16:30:35.074 16342-16342/com.kiwilss.lxkj.fourassembly E/MMM: onReceive22 : broad
04-18 16:30:35.074 16342-16342/com.kiwilss.lxkj.fourassembly E/MMM: onReceive222 : 新的信息
3.动态注册
发送方式
/**普通广播,动态注册
* @param view
*/
public void normalDynamicListener(View view) {
//动态注册广播发送消息
Intent intent = new Intent("com.kiwilss.normaldynamic");
intent.putExtra("key","普通广播动态注册");
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
注册和解除注册 ```java @Override protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
//普通广播注册
if (mBroadcastReceiver == null){
mBroadcastReceiver = new LocalBroadcastReceiver();
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter("com.kiwilss.normaldynamic");
registerReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver,intentFilter);
}
}
@Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); //普通广播解除注册 if (mBroadcastReceiver != null) { unregisterReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver); } }
- 动态广播最好在`Activity` 的 `onResume()`注册、`onPause()`注销。
- 原因:
1. 对于动态广播,有注册就必然得有注销,否则会导致**内存泄露**
1. 重复注册、重复注销也不允许
3. 自定义广播
```java
class LocalBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.e("MMM", "onReceive: " + intent.getStringExtra("key"));
}
}
- 测试结果
04-18 16:52:14.730 17989-17989/com.kiwilss.lxkj.fourassembly E/MMM: onReceive: 普通广播动态注册
4. 本地广播 App应用内广播(Local Broadcast)
- Android中的广播可以跨App直接通信(exported对于有intent-filter情况下默认值为true)
可能出现的问题:
- 其他App针对性发出与当前App intent-filter相匹配的广播,由此导致当前App不断接收广播并处理;
- 其他App注册与当前App一致的intent-filter用于接收广播,获取广播具体信息;
即会出现安全性 & 效率性的问题。 - 解决方案
使用App应用内广播(Local Broadcast)- App应用内广播可理解为一种局部广播,广播的发送者和接收者都同属于一个App。
- 相比于全局广播(普通广播),App应用内广播优势体现在:安全性高 & 效率高
- 具体使用
发送方法: ```java /**- 对于LocalBroadcastManager方式发送的应用内广播,
- 只能通过LocalBroadcastManager动态注册,不能静态注册 *
- @param view */ public void appListener(View view) { //注册应用内广播接收器 //步骤1:实例化BroadcastReceiver子类 & IntentFilter mBroadcastReceiver mBroadcastReceiver = new LocalBroadcastReceiver(); IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(); //步骤2:实例化LocalBroadcastManager的实例 localBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this); //步骤3:设置接收广播的类型 intentFilter.addAction(“com.kiwilss.local”); //4,注册 localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver, intentFilter);
//发送应用内广播测试
Intent intent = new Intent("com.kiwilss.local");
intent.putExtra("key","本地广播");
localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//取消注册本地广播
if (mBroadcastReceiver != null)
localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver);
//取消网络监听注册
if (netBroadcastReceiver != null)
unregisterReceiver(netBroadcastReceiver);
}
3. 自定义广播
```java
class LocalBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.e("MMM", "onReceive: " + intent.getStringExtra("key"));
}
}
- 测试结果
04-18 16:57:28.905 17989-17989/com.kiwilss.lxkj.fourassembly E/MMM: onReceive: 本地广播
5.系统广播(System Broadcast)
- 介绍
- Android中内置了多个系统广播:只要涉及到手机的基本操作(如开机、网络状态变化、拍照等等),都会发出相应的广播
每个广播都有特定的Intent - Filter(包括具体的action),Android系统广播action如下: | 系统操作 | action | | —- | —- | | 监听网络变化 | android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE | | 关闭或打开飞行模式 | Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED | | 充电时或电量发生变化 | Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED | | 电池电量低 | Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_LOW | | 电池电量充足(即从电量低变化到饱满时会发出广播 | Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_OKAY | | 系统启动完成后(仅广播一次) | Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED | | 按下照相时的拍照按键(硬件按键)时 | Intent.ACTION_CAMERA_BUTTON | | 屏幕锁屏 | Intent.ACTION_CLOSE_SYSTEM_DIALOGS | | 设备当前设置被改变时(界面语言、设备方向等) | Intent.ACTION_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED | | 插入耳机时 | Intent.ACTION_HEADSET_PLUG | | 未正确移除SD卡但已取出来时(正确移除方法:设置—SD卡和设备内存—卸载SD卡) | Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_BAD_REMOVAL | | 插入外部储存装置(如SD卡) | Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_CHECKING | | 成功安装APK | Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED | | 成功删除APK | Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED | | 重启设备 | Intent.ACTION_REBOOT | | 屏幕被关闭 | Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF | | 屏幕被打开 | Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON | | 关闭系统时 | Intent.ACTION_SHUTDOWN | | 重启设备 | Intent.ACTION_REBOOT |
注:当使用系统广播时,只需要在注册广播接收者时定义相关的action即可,并不需要手动发送广播,当系统有相关操作时会自动进行系统广播
使用示例, 监听手机网络状态
- 方法 ```java /**系统广播,示例监听网络
- @param view */ NetBroadcastReceiver netBroadcastReceiver; public void appDynamicListener(View view) { netBroadcastReceiver = new NetBroadcastReceiver(); IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(); intentFilter.addAction(“android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE”); registerReceiver(netBroadcastReceiver,intentFilter); //ondestory中取消注册 } ```
自定义广播
class NetBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.e("MMM", "onReceive: 网络有变化" );
//连接或是关闭网络时可以监控
}
}
测试, 关闭打开手机网络
04-18 17:02:03.220 17989-17989/com.kiwilss.lxkj.fourassembly E/MMM: onReceive: 网络有变化
04-18 17:02:06.834 17989-17989/com.kiwilss.lxkj.fourassembly E/MMM: onReceive: 网络有变化
04-18 17:02:13.506 17989-17989/com.kiwilss.lxkj.fourassembly E/MMM: onReceive: 网络有变化三.动态注册帮助类
鉴于各种限制,尽量使用动态注册,所以写了一个帮助类,方便快速注册和解除注册广播。比较简单,代码如下: ```kotlin object BroadcastKtx { /**
- 注册广播 *
- @param context
- @param broadcastReceiver
- @param action
*/
fun registerBroadcast(
context: Context?,
broadcastReceiver: BroadcastReceiver?,
vararg action: String?
) {
if (context == null || broadcastReceiver == null) return
val intentFilter = IntentFilter()
for (element in action) {
} context.registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver, intentFilter) }intentFilter.addAction(element)
/**
- 解除注册广播,广播要和注册时是同一个 *
- @param context
- @param broadcastReceiver */ fun unregisterBroadcast(context: Context?, broadcastReceiver: BroadcastReceiver?) { if (context == null || broadcastReceiver == null) return context.unregisterReceiver(broadcastReceiver) }
/* 发送广播
- @param context
- @param action
- @param pair
/
fun sendBroadcast(context: Context?, action: String?, vararg pair: Pair
) { if (context == null || action.isNullOrEmpty()) return context.sendBroadcast(context.createBroadcastIntent(action, pair)) }
}
/**
- 注册广播 *
- @param broadcastReceiver
- @param action / fun Context?.registerBroadcast( broadcastReceiver: BroadcastReceiver?, vararg action: String? ) = BroadcastKtx.registerBroadcast(this, broadcastReceiver, action)
/**
- 解除注册广播,广播要和注册时是同一个 *
- @param broadcastReceiver */ fun Context?.unregisterBroadcast(broadcastReceiver: BroadcastReceiver?) = BroadcastKtx.unregisterBroadcast(this, broadcastReceiver)
/**
- 注册广播 *
- @param broadcastReceiver
- @param action / fun Fragment?.registerBroadcast( broadcastReceiver: BroadcastReceiver?, vararg action: String? ) = BroadcastKtx.registerBroadcast(this?.context, broadcastReceiver, action)
/**
- 解除注册广播,广播要和注册时是同一个 *
- @param broadcastReceiver */ fun Fragment?.unregisterBroadcast(broadcastReceiver: BroadcastReceiver?) = BroadcastKtx.unregisterBroadcast(this?.context, broadcastReceiver)
/* 发送广播
- @param action
- @param pair
/
fun Context?.sendBroadcast(action: String?, vararg pair: Pair
) = BroadcastKtx.sendBroadcast(this, action, pair)
/* 发送广播
- @param action
- @param pair
/
fun Fragment?.sendBroadcast(action: String?, vararg pair: Pair
) = BroadcastKtx.sendBroadcast(this?.context, action, pair)使用很简单,在 Activity/Fragment 中直接使用,示例 demo如下:
kotlin class BroadcastActivity: AppCompatActivity(R.layout.activity_broadcast) { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
btnSend.setOnClickListener {
//发送广播信息
sendBroadcast(createIntentBroadcast(action1,"broad" to "test broadcast"))
//或者下面这样
sendBroadcast(action1,"broad" to "test broadcast")
}
}
//初始化广播
val mTestBroadcast by lazy { TestBroadcast() }
val action1 = "com.kiwilss.broadcase1"
override fun onResume() {
super.onResume()
//注册,可以注册很多个 action
registerBroadcast(mTestBroadcast,action1)
}
override fun onPause() {
super.onPause()
unregisterBroadcast(mTestBroadcast)
}
}
class TestBroadcast: BroadcastReceiver() { override fun onReceive(context: Context?, intent: Intent?) { val action = intent?.action Log.e(“MMM”, “onReceive: $action —- ${intent?.getStringExtra(“broad”)}”); } } ```