答辩

尊敬的各位老师，你们好，今天由你们为我的答辩进行评审，我感到十分荣幸与十分感谢。
Dear teachers, Hello, I feel very honored[ˈɒnəd] and thank you for judging [ˈdʒʌdʒɪŋ] my reply[rɪˈplaɪ] today.

我先做一个自我介绍，我的名字叫孟江鹏，我是一家金融行业公司的一名产品经理，由于在工作中经常会与国外的同事打交道，并且还要看一些英文文档，在看文档过程中，经常会遇到特别长且复杂的句子，所以我就想如何将这些句子翻译成准确流畅的目标语言，这是我进行本次论文研究的首要原因。
Let me introduce[ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs] myself first. My name is Meng jiangpeng. I am a product[ˈprɒdʌkt] manager of a financial[faɪˈnænʃl] industry [ˈɪndəstri] company. Because I often deal with foreign colleagues[ˈkɒliːgz] in my work, and I have to read some English documents. In the process[prəˈses] of reading documents, I often encounter [ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)] very long and complex [ˈkɒmpleks] sentences [ˈsentənsɪz] , so I want to translate [trænzˈleɪt] these sentences into accurate[ˈækjərət] and fluent [ˈfluːənt] target[ˈtɑːɡɪt] language, This is the primary[ˈpraɪməri] reason for my research.

我论文的标题是：英语根据句子成分顺序的翻译研究。目的就是为了找到以更好且以简单的方式来达到翻译的效果，并适用于各领域的应用，以便对日常的工作有很大的帮助作用。这种翻译研究是以英语翻译中的理论及其它翻译方法为基础，如直译、音译与意译等这些基本方法。通过研究应该对中英互译的实践有重要的意义。
The title of my thesis[ˈθiːsɪs] is: a study of English translation[trænzˈleɪʃn] according [əˈkɔːdɪŋ] to the order of sentence[ˈsentəns] elements [ˈɛlɪmənts] . The purpose [ˈpɜːpəs] is to find a better and simple[ˈsɪmpl] way to achieve [əˈtʃiːv] the effect [ɪˈfekt] of translation, and apply to various [ˈveəriəs] fields [fiːldz] of application, in order to have a great help to the daily [ˈdeɪli] work. This kind of translation [trænzˈleɪʃn] research is based on the theory [ˈθɪəri] of English translation and other translation methods[ˈmɛθədz] , such as literal [ˈlɪtərəl] translation, transliteration [ˌtrænzˌlɪtəˈreɪʃn] and free translation [trænzˈleɪʃn] . The study should be of great significance [sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns] to the practice [ˈpræktɪs] of Chinese English translation.

本研究所分析的数据是选择了大学英语中的翻译部分中的一些例句作为示例，这些例句中有的稍微复杂些，有的相对简单些，通过这些例句来进行研究与说明英语句子成分顺序的翻译方法。
The data analyzed[ˈænəlaɪzd] in this study is to select some examples [ɪgˈzɑːmplz] in the translation part of College [ˈkɒlɪdʒ] English as examples. Some of these examples are slightly [ˈslaɪtli] more complex [ˈkɒmpleks] , and some are relatively [ˈrelətɪvli] simple. Through [θruː] these examples, we can study and explain [ɪkˈspleɪn] the translation method of the order of English sentence [ˈsentəns] components [kəmˈpəʊnənts] .

通过分析英语句子可得知，最主要的三种成分为主谓宾，甚至在英语的句子主干中，宾语也可以没有，只有主谓两种句子成分。稍微复杂的句子还包括定语、状语等。并且状语一般放在句首或句尾，定语修饰主语，一般会放在主语或宾语的后面。而这些位置顺序与中文句子中的顺序正好是相反的。在特别复杂的英语句子中，长句中还包括几个短句，有的还存在并列关系等。在存在并列关系的英文句子中，在翻译时则顺序不是相反的。
Through the analysis[əˈnæləsɪs] of English sentences [ˈsentənsɪz] , we can know that the three main components[kəmˈpəʊnənts] are subject predicate [ˈpredɪkeɪt] object. Even in the main part of English sentences [ˈsentənsɪz] , there are no objects, only subject predicate [ˈpredɪkeɪt] two components[kəmˈpəʊnənts] . Slightly [ˈslaɪtli] complex[ˈkɒmpleks] sentences [ˈsentənsɪz] also include attributives [əˈtrɪbjətɪvs] , adverbials[ædˈvɜːbiəls] and so on. And adverbials[ædˈvɜːbiəls] are usually placed[pleɪst] at the beginning or end of a sentence[ˈsentəns] , and attributives[ædˈvɜːbiəls] modify the subject[ səbˈdʒekt] and are usually placed[pleɪst] after the subject or object. The order of these positions [pəˈzɪʃnz] is just opposite[ˈɒpəzɪt] to that in Chinese sentences [ˈsentənsɪz] . In particularly [pəˈtɪkjələli] complex[ˈkɒmpleks] English sentences, there are several[ˈsevrəl] short sentences in long sentences, and some of them have coordinate[kəʊˈɔːdɪnət] relations. In English sentences[ˈsentənsɪz] with juxtaposition[ˌdʒʌkstəpəˈzɪʃn] , the order of translation is not the opposite[ˈɒpəzɪt] .

通过分析英语句子可以得出以下结论：
Through[θruː] the analysis [əˈnæləsɪs] of English sentences[ˈsentənsɪz], we can draw [drɔː] the following conclusions [kənˈkluːʒənz] :

首先：中文与英文的句子成分构成，在主干上是一致的，都有主谓宾或者主谓结构，且所有句子的变化都是围绕着这一主要结构而变化的。
First: the composition [ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn] of Chinese and English sentences[ˈsentənsɪz] is consistent[kənˈsɪstənt] in the main, they all have subject predicate [ˈpredɪkeɪt] object or subject predicate [ˈpredɪkeɪt] structure [ˈstrʌktʃə(r)] , and the changes [ˈtʃeɪndʒɪz] of all sentences are around [əˈraʊnd] this main structure[ˈstrʌktʃə(r)].

其次：中文与英文相互之间的句子成分的位置，在一般情况下，语序是相互倒序的，即中文的定语一般都在主语与宾语的前面。而英文的定语则是在主语与宾语的后面。所以在翻译时，要倒序进行翻译。英文句子成分的顺序一般为：状语、主语、定语、谓语、状语、宾语、状语或定语。
Secondly [ˈsekəndli] , the position of sentence components [kəmˈpəʊnənts] between Chinese and English is reciprocal [rɪˈsɪprəkl] in general[ˈdʒenrəl] , that is, Chinese attributives [əˈtrɪbjətɪvs] are generally [ˈdʒenrəli] in front of the subject and object. The English attributive[əˈtrɪbjətɪv] is behind the subject and object. Therefore[ˈðeəfɔː(r)] , in translation[trænzˈleɪʃn] , we should translate in reverse[rɪˈvɜːs] order. The order of the composition[ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn] of English sentences[ˈsentənsɪz] is generally[ˈdʒenrəli] adverbial[ædˈvɜːbiəl] , subject, attributive[əˈtrɪbjətɪv], predicate[ˈpredɪkeɪt] , adverbial[ædˈvɜːbiəl], object, adverbial[ædˈvɜːbiəl] or attributive[əˈtrɪbjətɪv].

最后：针对英文长句子中，包含并列关系的句子成分，在进行翻译时，是不倒序翻译的。其中并列关系包括：并列、转折、选择、递进这几种形式。特殊情况下，句子与句子之间也可能存在并列关系，这种情况下，在翻译时也是不需要倒序的。
Finally: for the long sentences[ˈsentənsɪz] in English, the sentence elements[ˈɛlɪmənts] with coordinate[kəʊˈɔːdɪnət] relations are not translated [trænzˈleɪtɪd] in reverse[rɪˈvɜːs] order. Among[əˈmʌŋ] them, juxtaposition[ˌdʒʌkstəpəˈzɪʃn] includes: juxtaposition[ˌdʒʌkstəpəˈzɪʃn], transition[trænˈzɪʃn], choice and progression[prəˈɡreʃn]. In special[ˈspeʃl] cases, there may be a parallel[ˈpærəlel] relationship between sentences. In this case, it is not necessary [ˈnesəsəri] to reverse the order in translation.

通过以上结论，根据英语句子成分的顺序进行翻译，是属于直译的一种翻译策略，但直译过后，更重要的是要对直译的内容重新组合加工，以便使表达更通顺，理解更方便。这就要充分理解中英文化的差异和特点才可以。并且还需要充分理解英文中的意思，结合场景，作者的情感等，才能翻译出较好的效果。
According to the above conclusion[kənˈkluːʒn] , translating [trænzˈleɪtɪŋ] according to the order of English sentence elements[ˈɛlɪmənts] is a kind of literal[ˈlɪtərəl] translation strategy[ˈstrætədʒi], but after literal [ˈlɪtərəl] translation, it is more important to reorganize[riˈɔːɡənaɪz] the content of literal[ˈlɪtərəl] translation, so as to make the expression[ɪkˈspreʃn] more smooth [smuːð] and the understanding [ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ] more convenient [kənˈviːniənt] . This requires [rɪˈkwaɪəz] a full understanding of the differences and characteristics [ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪks] between Chinese and English cultures [ˈkʌltʃəz]. And also need to fully understand the meaning of English, combined [kəmˈbaɪnd] with the scene [siːn] , the author’s feelings, and so on, in order to translate[trænzˈleɪt] better effect [ɪˈfekt] .

由于本研究的范围有限，不一定适用于所有的翻译当中，但在翻译时还要不因局限于某一种的翻译策略，只要所呈现的方式与源语中的原文的目的和功能基本相同，就不用管是翻译的比较直白，或者比较自由，或者可能介于两者之间。这都不是最重要的。
Due [djuː] to the limited scope [skəʊp] of this study, it may not be applicable [əˈplɪkəbl] to all kinds of translation, but it should not be limited to a certain[ˈsɜːtn] translation strategy[ˈstrætədʒi]. As long as the way presented [prɪˈzentɪd] is basically[ˈbeɪsɪkli] the same as the purpose [ˈpɜːpəs] and function of the original [əˈrɪdʒənl] text in the source language, it does not matter whether the translation is relatively[ˈrelətɪvli] straightforward[ˌstreɪtˈfɔːwəd], or relatively[ˈrelətɪvli] free, or maybe between the two. None of this is the most important.

希望通过这一尝试的研究能有助于提高译者在英语翻译过程中提供一些帮助，也希望通过这项研究能提供一些有益的经验，为英语翻译的研究做出些贡献。
It is hoped that this study can help improve [ɪmˈpruːv] the translator’s [trænzˈleɪtə(r)] ability [əˈbɪləti] to provide [prəˈvaɪd] some help in the process [prəˈses] of English translation. It is also hoped that this study can provide [prəˈvaɪd] some useful experience[ɪkˈspɪəriəns] and make some contributions [ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃənz] to the study of English translation.

以上是我的陈述内容，谢谢各位老师。
The above is my statement[ˈsteɪtmənt] . Thank you.

本文研究根据英语句子成分的顺序进行的一种翻译策略，就是顺句驱动。个别格式方面还有提升空间。
论文内容完整，结构清晰，格式规范，整体符合要求。

在答辩之前的口头综述，如果你把自己的写作，关于选题意义，研究方法，遇到的困难，还有收获，自己在写作中的角色，都说一遍，老师基本不会问太多问题。前提是老师问的问题，要回答的复合问题的答案方向。