什么是SPI
SPI 全称为 (Service Provider Interface) ,是JDK内置的一种服务提供发现机制。SPI是一种动态替换发现的机制, 比如有个接口,想运行时动态的给它添加实现,你只需要添加一个实现。我们经常遇到的就是java.sql.Driver接口,其他不同厂商可以针对同一接口做出不同的实现,mysql和postgresql都有不同的实现提供给用户,而Java的SPI机制可以为某个接口寻找服务实现。
//省略使用样例
Mysql DriverManager实现
在DriverManager中有一个静态代码块如下:
static {
loadInitialDrivers();
println("JDBC DriverManager initialized");
}
loadInitialDrivers
用法用到了SPI工具类ServiceLoader
:
public Void run() {
ServiceLoader<Driver> loadedDrivers = ServiceLoader.load(Driver.class);
Iterator<Driver> driversIterator = loadedDrivers.iterator();
/* Load these drivers, so that they can be instantiated.
* It may be the case that the driver class may not be there
* i.e. there may be a packaged driver with the service class
* as implementation of java.sql.Driver but the actual class
* may be missing. In that case a java.util.ServiceConfigurationError
* will be thrown at runtime by the VM trying to locate
* and load the service.
*
* Adding a try catch block to catch those runtime errors
* if driver not available in classpath but it's
* packaged as service and that service is there in classpath.
*/
try{
while(driversIterator.hasNext()) {
driversIterator.next();
}
} catch(Throwable t) {
// Do nothing
}
return null;
}
遍历使用SPI获取到的具体实现,实例化各个实现类。在遍历的时候,首先调用driversIterator.hasNext()
方法,这里会搜索classpath下以及jar包中所有的META-INF/services目录下的java.sql.Driver文件,并找到文件中的实现类的名字,此时并没有实例化具体的实现类。