前言
Spring 很复杂,很多东西都很难完全深入了解,这里写下Bean 的初始化的分析,主要是为了解SpringBoot 与Shiro 整合时,引起的事务失败问题,网上很多说是初始化顺序引起没有生成事务代理类而导致失败。为了知其然知其所以然的原则,决定了解了解。
以下分析基于Spring 5.1.9.RELEASE、shiro1.4.0
一、Bean 初始化过程
1. Bean初始化入口:ApplicationContext
2. Bean 的生命周期图示
生命周期相关步骤解析:
注意: Spring 只帮我们管理单例模式 Bean 的完整生命周期,对于 prototype 的 bean ,Spring 在创建好交给使用者之后则不会再管理后续的生命周期。
- 通过反射,实例化Bean
- 依赖注入推荐使用setter 方法(主要注入方法:setter注入 、 constructor构造器注入)
- 当依赖注入完成,以下接口方法将会回调:BeanNameAware.setBeanName(String name);该方法是在Bean Factory 创建bean 时,设置Bean的名称
- 然后调用: BeanClassLoaderAware.setBeanClassLoader(), 设置类加载器加载Bean 实例
- 然后调用: BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) ,为当前的Bean 设置Bean Factory
- 容器调用: BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization, 回调该方法,可将原始bean包装成任意成对像返回
- 然后如果方法上有注解@PostConstruct 则会被调用(注意:这里需要开启组件扫描,以便对注解进行处理)
- 在注解@PostConstruct 方法调用后,回调接口方法InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()
- 调用在xml 配置中bean 标签属性init-method 定义的方法
- 然后调用 BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization(), 调用该方法,用于包装原始bean
- 到目前为止,bean已经初始化,可以使用了
- 当ApplicationContext 销毁钩子registerShutdownHook() 调用(调用后不是会立即销毁), 有注解@PreDestroy 等销毁方法会被调用
- 然后接着调用Bean 实现接口 DisposableBean.destroy() 方法
- 然后调用在xml 配置中bean 标签属性 destroy-method 的方法
垃圾回收器会自动调用Object 类的finalize() 方法销毁对象
初始化回调的方法
接口InitializingBean 的afterPropertiesSet() 方法,Spring 不推荐使用
- 注解@PostConstruct的方法
- xml配置中bean标签属性 init-method 指定的方法 或 JavaConfig 注解@Bean 中属性initMethod 指定的方法
如果以上上三种方法都使用了,则按以下顺序执行
- 先调用注解@PostConstruct的方法
- 再调用 接口InitializingBean 的afterPropertiesSet() 方法
- 然后才调用 xml 配置的 init-method 指定方法 或 Java配置中的initMethod 指定的方法
销毁回调的方法
接口DisposableBean的 destroy(), Spring 不推荐使用
- 推荐使用 注解@PreDestroy标识的方法 或 在xml 配置 bean 标签属性destroy-method 定义的方法(Java 配置中,注解@Bean 属性destroyMethod 定义的方法)
- 如果以上方法都配置,则按以下顺序执行
- 注解@PreDestroy 标识的方法先执行
- 然后执行在xml 配置 bean 标签属性destroy-method 定义的方法(Java 配置中,注解@Bean 属性destroyMethod 定义的方法)
- 最后执行接口DisposableBean的 destroy()
二、例子
1. 创建Maven 项目
添加Spring 依赖<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
2. 创建Student 类,并实现相关接口
public class Student implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean,
BeanFactoryAware, BeanNameAware {
private String name;
private Integer age;
public Student() {
System.out.println("初始化构造函数");
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@PostConstruct
public void springPostConstruct() {
System.out.println("---@PostConstruct--- 执行");
}
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
System.out.println("---InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet---");
}
public void myInitMethod() {
System.out.println("---init-method---");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
@Override
public void setBeanName(String name) {
System.out.println("---BeanNameAware.setBeanName---");
}
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("---BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory---");
}
@PreDestroy
public void springPreDestroy(){
System.out.println("-----@PreDestroy-----");
}
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
System.out.println("-----DisposableBean.destroy()------");
}
public void myDestroyMethod(){
System.out.println("---destroy-method---");
}
}
3. 创建BeanPostProcessor 自定义实现类
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization");
return bean;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization");
return bean;
}
}
4. 使用xml配置Bean
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
https://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--组件扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.hdj"/>
<!--配置bean, 加载的顺序由上到下,先定义的Bean先初始化-->
<bean id="student" class="cn.hdj.entity.Student" init-method="myInitMethod" destroy-method="myDestroyMethod"/>
<bean id="myBeanPostProcessor" class="cn.hdj.MyBeanPostProcessor"/>
</beans>
5. 实例化上下文
public static void main(String[] args) {
AbstractApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:application-Context.xml");
Student bean = context.getBean(Student.class);
System.out.println(bean);
context.registerShutdownHook();
}
6. 启动项目,输出结果
初始化构造函数
---BeanNameAware.setBeanName---
---BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory---
BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization
---@PostConstruct--- 执行
---InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet---
---init-method---
BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization
Student{name='null', age=null}
-----@PreDestroy-----
-----DisposableBean.destroy()------
---destroy-method---
以上就是Bean 初始化的过程,如果说我们想要对Bean 初始化过程中,对Bean 做一些处理,那么接下来我们需要了解一下,Spring 为我们提供的扩展点接口。
三、Aware 接口
*Aware
接口可以用于在初始化 bean 时获得 Spring 中的一些对象,如获取Spring 上下文
等。 以下为Spring 提供的*Aware接口
Aware 接口 | 实现的方法 | 作用(在Bean 构造函数初始后回调,但在初始化回调方法前调用) |
---|---|---|
ApplicationContextAware | void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException; | Interface to be implemented by any object that wishes to be notified of the ApplicationContext that it runs in. |
ApplicationEventPublisherAware | void setApplicationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher); | Set the ApplicationEventPublisher that this object runs in. |
BeanClassLoaderAware | void setBeanClassLoader (ClassLoader classLoader); | Callback that supplies the bean class loader to a bean instance. |
BeanFactoryAware | void setBeanFactory (BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException; | Callback that supplies the owning factory to a bean instance. |
BeanNameAware | void setBeanName(String name); | Set the name of the bean in the bean factory that created this bean. |
BootstrapContextAware | void setBootstrapContext (BootstrapContext bootstrapContext); | Set the BootstrapContext that this object runs in. |
LoadTimeWeaverAware | void setLoadTimeWeaver (LoadTimeWeaver loadTimeWeaver); | Set the LoadTimeWeaver of this object’s containing ApplicationContext. |
MessageSourceAware | void setMessageSource (MessageSource messageSource); | Set the MessageSource that this object runs in. |
NotificationPublisherAware | void setNotificationPublisher(NotificationPublisher notificationPublisher); | Set the NotificationPublisher instance for the current managed resource instance. |
PortletConfigAware | void setPortletConfig (PortletConfig portletConfig); | Set the PortletConfig this object runs in. |
PortletContextAware | void setPortletContext (PortletContext portletContext); | Set the PortletContext that this object runs in. |
ResourceLoaderAware | void setResourceLoader (ResourceLoader resourceLoader); | Set the ResourceLoader that this object runs in. |
ServletConfigAware | void setServletConfig (ServletConfig servletConfig); | Set the ServletConfig that this object runs in. |
ServletContextAware | void setServletContext (ServletContext servletContext); | Set the ServletContext that this object runs in. |
四、增强处理器
种类
- BeanPostProcessor
2. BeanFactoryPostProcessor (不在Bean 生命周期内)增强处理器处理过程
增强处理器的特点
- BeanFactoryPostProcessor是加载Bean定义后执行
- BeanPostProcessor 则是在Bean 初始化和依赖注入后执行
- 如果你在一个容器内定义了增强处理器,它就只作用于这个容器内的bean,即使其它容器与该容器有相同的层级关系
- 想要控制多个处理器的处理顺序,可以实现Order 接口来控制,数值越小,优先级越大
BeanFactoryPostProcessor的接口定义
public interface BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory);
}
BeanPostProcessor 的接口定义
public interface BeanPostProcessor {
//前置处理
@Nullable
default Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
return bean;
}
//后置处理
@Nullable
default Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
return bean;
}
}
BeanPostProcessor 的注册过程?
//用于实例化和注册BeanPostProcessor
protected void registerBeanPostProcessors(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory, this);
}
public static void registerBeanPostProcessors(
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, AbstractApplicationContext applicationContext) {
String[] postProcessorNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(BeanPostProcessor.class, true, false);
// Register BeanPostProcessorChecker that logs an info message when
// a bean is created during BeanPostProcessor instantiation, i.e. when
// a bean is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors.
int beanProcessorTargetCount = beanFactory.getBeanPostProcessorCount() + 1 + postProcessorNames.length;
beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new BeanPostProcessorChecker(beanFactory, beanProcessorTargetCount));
// 区分不同优先级的BeanPostProcessor
//优先级分别有:PriorityOrdered,Ordered和其他的
List<BeanPostProcessor> priorityOrderedPostProcessors = new ArrayList<>();
List<BeanPostProcessor> internalPostProcessors = new ArrayList<>();
List<String> orderedPostProcessorNames = new ArrayList<>();
List<String> nonOrderedPostProcessorNames = new ArrayList<>();
for (String ppName : postProcessorNames) {
if (beanFactory.isTypeMatch(ppName, PriorityOrdered.class)) {
//实现了接口PriorityOrdered的BeanPostProcessor
//会优先实例化
BeanPostProcessor pp = beanFactory.getBean(ppName, BeanPostProcessor.class);
priorityOrderedPostProcessors.add(pp);
if (pp instanceof MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor) {
internalPostProcessors.add(pp);
}
}
else if (beanFactory.isTypeMatch(ppName, Ordered.class)) {
orderedPostProcessorNames.add(ppName);
}
else {
nonOrderedPostProcessorNames.add(ppName);
}
}
// 首先对实现了接口 PriorityOrdered.的BeanPostProcessor进行排序
//然后注册
sortPostProcessors(priorityOrderedPostProcessors, beanFactory);
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory, priorityOrderedPostProcessors);
// 接着对实现了接口 Ordered.的BeanPostProcessor进行排序
//然后注册
List<BeanPostProcessor> orderedPostProcessors = new ArrayList<>();
for (String ppName : orderedPostProcessorNames) {
BeanPostProcessor pp = beanFactory.getBean(ppName, BeanPostProcessor.class);
orderedPostProcessors.add(pp);
if (pp instanceof MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor) {
internalPostProcessors.add(pp);
}
}
sortPostProcessors(orderedPostProcessors, beanFactory);
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory, orderedPostProcessors);
// 再接着对普通的BeanPostProcessor进行排序
//然后注册
List<BeanPostProcessor> nonOrderedPostProcessors = new ArrayList<>();
for (String ppName : nonOrderedPostProcessorNames) {
BeanPostProcessor pp = beanFactory.getBean(ppName, BeanPostProcessor.class);
nonOrderedPostProcessors.add(pp);
if (pp instanceof MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor) {
internalPostProcessors.add(pp);
}
}
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory, nonOrderedPostProcessors);
//最后对内部定义的BeanPostProcessor进行排序,然后注册
sortPostProcessors(internalPostProcessors, beanFactory);
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory, internalPostProcessors);
//重新注册用于将内部bean检测为ApplicationListener的后处理器,
//将其移到处理器链的末尾(for picking up proxies etc)。
beanFactory.addBeanPostProcessor(new ApplicationListenerDetector(applicationContext));
}
BeanPostProcessor按优先级分为PriorityOrdered,Ordered和其他的,对他们分别进行以下操作。
- 先beanFactory.getBean进行实例化,
- 再使用sortPostProcessors() 进行排序
- 最后registerBeanPostProcessors()进行注册。
所以,优先级高Bpp的先被实例化,而优先级低的Bpp在实例化时可以应用优先级高的(不过同级或优先级低的不行,因为还没初始化)
那问题来了,BeanPostProcessor依赖的Bean, 导致其提前初始化,有什么后果?
根据BeanPostProcessor 的注册过程,我们可以知道如果Bean 被优先级高的Bpp依赖而导致提前初始化,那么这个Bean 就不会在被其他优先级低的Bpp处理(Bpp还没初始化); 例如典型的例子就是 auto-proxy,因为
AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor(用于处理依赖注入的Bpp)的优先级是PriorityOrdered, 而AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator(用于 auto-proxy)的优先级是Ordered, 如果Bean 在AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator注册前实例化,那么这个Bean依赖注入时,就不会以代理类(JDK代理或CGlib代理)的形式注入
解决的方法: 1. 对依赖的Bean 添加@Lazy(懒加载注解),2. 使用注解@DependsOn
五、Spring 整合Shiro 引起事务失败问题解答
1.问题原因
- 在DbShiroRealm 中注入UserService时,未加懒加载注解@Lazy ,打印的Bean 实例化顺序
- Shiro 的配置
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
/**
* 验证过滤器
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public JwtAuthFilter jwtAuthFilter() {
JwtAuthFilter authFilter = new JwtAuthFilter();
return authFilter;
}
/**
* 不加入Servlet Filter中
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean() {
FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
filterRegistrationBean.setFilter(jwtAuthFilter());
filterRegistrationBean.setEnabled(false);
return filterRegistrationBean;
}
@Bean
public Realm dbShiroRealm() {
DbShiroRealm myShiroRealm = new DbShiroRealm();
myShiroRealm.setCredentialsMatcher(new HashedCredentialsMatcher(Sha256Hash.ALGORITHM_NAME));
return myShiroRealm;
}
@Bean
public Realm jwtShiroRealm() {
JwtShiroRealm myShiroRealm = new JwtShiroRealm();
myShiroRealm.setCredentialsMatcher(new JwtCredentialsMatcher());
return myShiroRealm;
}
/**
* 关闭session
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public SessionStorageEvaluator sessionStorageEvaluator() {
DefaultWebSessionStorageEvaluator sessionStorageEvaluator = new DefaultWebSessionStorageEvaluator();
sessionStorageEvaluator.setSessionStorageEnabled(false);
return sessionStorageEvaluator;
}
/**
* 验证器
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Authenticator authenticator() {
MyModularRealmAuthenticator authenticator = new MyModularRealmAuthenticator();
return authenticator;
}
/**
* 设置过滤器链
*/
@Bean("shiroFilter")
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean(SecurityManager securityManager) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean factoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
//设置登陆的url
factoryBean.setLoginUrl("/api/admin/user/signIn");
factoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
//设置过滤器
Map<String, Filter> filters = factoryBean.getFilters();
filters.put("authToken", jwtAuthFilter());
factoryBean.setFilters(filters);
// 自定义url规则使用LinkedHashMap有序Map
Map<String, String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
// 两个url规则都可以匹配同一个url,只执行第一个
filterMap.put("/api/admin/user/signIn", "anon");
filterMap.put("/api/admin/**", "authToken");
factoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
return factoryBean;
}
}
- 说明
- ShiroFilterFactoryBean 是FactoryBean,且实现了BeanPostProcessor接口
- 在实例化时,依赖securityManager
- 而SecurityManager 在Shiro自动化配置中,又依赖于Realm 类的
- 所以实例化的顺序为:ShiroFilterFactoryBean > securityManager > dbShiroRealm > userServiceImpl
- 此时代理事务配置 ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration还没实例化
2.解决方法
- 采用懒加载的方式
@Lazy
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
- 使用注解@DependsOn
说明:
既然我们再创建dbShiroRealm时,需要依赖注入userServiceImpl而且希望注入的是事务代理增强类,但是事务代理增强的配置在 ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration类中,那么我们在实例化dbShiroRealm时,先让配置类实例化,这样就可以享受到事务代理了。
//@DependsOn中的Bean 名称可以在ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration中找
@Bean
@DependsOn("org.springframework.transaction.config.internalTransactionAdvisor")
public Realm dbShiroRealm() {
DbShiroRealm myShiroRealm = new DbShiroRealm();
myShiroRealm.setCredentialsMatcher(new HashedCredentialsMatcher(Sha256Hash.ALGORITHM_NAME));
return myShiroRealm;
}
六 、参考
- https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/30112785 (bean 初始化顺序)
- https://www.concretepage.com/spring/spring-bean-life-cycle-tutorial
- https://juejin.im/post/5ab30714f265da237b21fbcc
- https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43364172/article/details/84630770
- https://www.iteye.com/blog/jinnianshilongnian-1894973
- https://blog.csdn.net/finalcola/article/details/81197584
- https://blog.csdn.net/f641385712/article/details/89737791