AppUI自动化实战封装

1、新建一个项目
2、在项目中写两条用例：
启动雪球-进入我的页面进入登录-登录成功后获取登录名验证是否成功登录

import time
from appium import webdriver
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By
from appium.webdriver.common.touch_action import TouchAction
# 初始化app
desired_caps = {}
desired_caps['platformName'] = 'Android' # 'Android' or ’Ios'
desired_caps['deviceName'] = 'emulator-5554' # 设备名称，可以自定义
# desired_caps['appPackage'] = 'com.iodkols.onekeylockscreen'
# desired_caps['appActivity'] = '.OneLock'
desired_caps['appPackage'] = 'com.xueqiu.android'
desired_caps['appActivity'] = 'view.WelcomeActivityAlias'
#desired_caps['noReset'] = 'True'
driver = webdriver.Remote('http://localhost:4723/wd/hub', desired_caps)  # 类似于driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
time.sleep(8)
#在首页进入【我的】页面
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']").click()
#在【我的】页面点击【账号密码登录】进入登录页面
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='帐号密码登录']").click()
#在登录页面输入账号
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_account']").send_keys('13262506790')
#在登录页面输入密码
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_password']").send_keys('1111111a')
#在登录页面点击【登录】
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='登录']").click()
# 对一键导入弹框进行判断处理
try:
    cancel_ele = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='取消']").click()
except:
    pass
#登录后在我的页面获取登录昵称
name_ele = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/name']")
name_text = name_ele.get_attribute("text")
print(name_text)
assert '思源_smile' == name_text
driver.quit()

启动雪球-进行登录-在首页进入讨论帖页面-编辑并发布帖子-进入我的页面校验帖子是否成功生成

import time
from appium import webdriver
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By
from appium.webdriver.common.touch_action import TouchAction
# 初始化app
desired_caps = {}
desired_caps['platformName'] = 'Android' # 'Android' or ’Ios'
desired_caps['deviceName'] = 'emulator-5554' 
desired_caps['appPackage'] = 'com.xueqiu.android'
desired_caps['appActivity'] = 'view.WelcomeActivityAlias'
#desired_caps['noReset'] = 'True'
driver = webdriver.Remote('http://localhost:4723/wd/hub', desired_caps)  # 类似于driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
time.sleep(8)
#在首页进入【我的】页面
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']").click()
#在【我的】页面点击【账号密码登录】进入登录页面
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='帐号密码登录']").click()
#在登录页面输入账号
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_account']").send_keys('13262506790')
#在登录页面输入密码
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_password']").send_keys('1111111a')
#在登录页面点击【登录】
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='登录']").click()
#登录后进入雪球首页
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='雪球']").click()
#在首页点击【编辑】按钮
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/post_status']").click()
#点击【发讨论】按钮进入发布讨论页面
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='发讨论']").click()
#在发布讨论页面输入框中输入讨论内容
title_text = "随着气候变暖，今年会不会有一个寒冷的冬天？"
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/status_edit']").send_keys(title_text)
#点击【发布】返回首页
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='发布']").click()
#进入【我的】页面
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']").click()
#在【我的】页面点击【讨论】进入讨论页面
driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='讨论']").click()
#在讨论页面获取讨论标题元素
eles = driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/statusText']")
#对标题元素获取text属性存入列表
title_list = [ele.get_attribute("text") for ele in eles]
# 写个函数对结果进行断言
def assert_title():
    for title in title_list:
        if title == title_text:
            return True
        else:
            return False
assert assert_title()
driver.quit()

处理用例中公共的部分app初始化，对公共部分单独封装实现模块化及分层复用
3、对初始化app代码单独封装
新建py_page包-包下新建app模块，定义一个App类，类下定义一个start()实例方法对driver进行初始化并返回创建的driver

import time
from appium import webdriver
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By
from appium.webdriver.common.touch_action import TouchAction
class App:
    def start(self):
    # 初始化app
        desired_caps = {}
        desired_caps['platformName'] = 'Android' 
        desired_caps['deviceName'] = 'emulator-5554' 
        desired_caps['appPackage'] = 'com.xueqiu.android'
        desired_caps['appActivity'] = 'view.WelcomeActivityAlias'
        self.driver = webdriver.Remote('http://localhost:4723/wd/hub', desired_caps)  # 类似于driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
        return self.driver

在测试用例中app初始化通过from py_page.app import App及driver = App().start()来代替，即实现所有用例共用app中的初始化代码；
4、比较多个用例存在公共页面元素交互部分，把这部分元素的定位与交互单独封装，以页面为模块归类，类中方法为在该页面执行的元素交互；

from py_page.app import App
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By
class LoginPage(App):
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = self.start()
    def account_login(self):
        # 在登录页面进行账号密码登录
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']").click()
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='帐号密码登录']").click()
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_account']").send_keys(
            '13262506790')
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_password']").send_keys('1111111a')
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='登录']").click()

from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By
class MainPage(App):
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = self.start()
    def goto_myPage(self):
        # 在首页进入【我的】页面
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']").click()

from py_page.app import App
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By
class MyPage(App):
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = self.start()
    def goto_login(self):
        # 在我的页面进入【登录】页面
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']").click()
    def is_cancel(self):
        # 对一键导入弹框进行判断处理
        try:
            self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='取消']").click()
        except:
            pass
    def get_login_name(self):
        # 登录后在我的页面获取登录昵称
        name_ele = self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/name']")
        name_text = name_ele.get_attribute("text")
        return name_text

5、在修改原来测试用例，采用调用py_page中各方法来实现测试业务的流转执行

from py_page.main_page import MainPage
class TestLogin:
    def test_login_pos(self):
        name_text = MainPage().goto_myPage().goto_login().account_login().is_cancel().get_login_name()
        print(name_text)
        assert name_text == '思源_smile'

似乎存在什么问题？
优化上述py_page保证链式调用

from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By
class MainPage(App):
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = self.start()
    def goto_myPage(self):
        # 在首页进入【我的】页面
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']").click()
        from py_page.my_page import MyPage
        return MyPage()

from py_page.app import App
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By
class MyPage(App):
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = self.start()
    def goto_login(self):
        # 在我的页面进入【登录】页面
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']").click()
        return LoginPage()
    def is_cancel(self):
        # 对一键导入弹框进行判断处理
        try:
            self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='取消']").click()
        except:
            pass
        return self
    def get_login_name(self):
        # 登录后在我的页面获取登录昵称
        name_ele = self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/name']")
        name_text = name_ele.get_attribute("text")
        return name_text

from py_page.app import App
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By
class LoginPage(App):
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = self.start()
    def account_login(self):
        # 在登录页面进行账号密码登录
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']").click()
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='帐号密码登录']").click()
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_account']").send_keys(
            '13262506790')
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_password']").send_keys('1111111a')
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='登录']").click()
        from py_page.my_page import MyPage
        return MyPage()

上述代码似乎还存在问题，在测试用例的链式调用中，涉及页面跳转的每次调用页面类都会调用app初始化一个driver，而不是传递原来的driver；
初步解决方案，每个页面类在构造方法中对driver进行判断，并在涉及页面跳转的方法中return 页面类（self.driver），即把当前页面的driver作为参数传入要跳转的页面，需要引入单例设计

from py_page.app import App
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By
class MainPage(App):
    def __init__(self,driver=None):
        if driver == None:
            self.driver = self.start()
        else:
            self.driver = driver
    def goto_myPage(self):
        # 在首页进入【我的】页面
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']").click()
        from py_page.my_page import MyPage
        return MyPage(self.driver)

from py_page.app import App
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By

class MyPage(App):

    def __init__(self,driver=None):
        if driver == None:
            self.driver = self.start()
        else:
            self.driver = driver

    def goto_login(self):
        # 在我的页面进入【登录】页面
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']").click()
        from py_page.login_page import LoginPage
        return LoginPage(self.driver)

    def is_cancel(self):
        # 对一键导入弹框进行判断处理
        try:
            self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='取消']").click()
        except:
            pass
        return self

    def get_login_name(self):
        # 登录后在我的页面获取登录昵称
        name_ele = self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/name']")
        name_text = name_ele.get_attribute("text")
        return name_text

from py_page.app import App
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By

class LoginPage(App):

    def __init__(self,driver=None):
        if driver==None:
            self.driver = self.start()
        else:
            self.driver=driver

    def account_login(self):
        # 在登录页面进行账号密码登录
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']").click()
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='帐号密码登录']").click()
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_account']").send_keys(
            '13262506790')
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_password']").send_keys('1111111a')
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='登录']").click()
        from py_page.my_page import MyPage
        return MyPage(self.driver)

再次执行测试用例，即可实现完整的元素定位交互以及页面跳转
6、继续优化py_page中的代码，把页面类中的构造方法封装到app中，减少代码冗余
app模块的初步实现

from appium import webdriver
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By
from appium.webdriver.common.touch_action import TouchAction



class App:

    def __init__(self,driver=None):
        self.driver = driver


    def start(self):
    # 初始化app
        if self.driver==None:
            desired_caps = {}
            desired_caps['platformName'] = 'Android' 
            desired_caps['deviceName'] = 'emulator-5554'         
            desired_caps['appPackage'] = 'com.xueqiu.android'
            desired_caps['appActivity'] = 'view.WelcomeActivityAlias'
            #desired_caps['noReset'] = 'True'

            self.driver = webdriver.Remote('http://localhost:4723/wd/hub', desired_caps)  # 类似于driver = webdriver.Chrome()
            self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
        return self.driver

from py_page.app import App
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By

class MainPage(App):


    def goto_myPage(self):
        # 在首页进入【我的】页面
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']").click()
        from py_page.my_page import MyPage
        return MyPage(self.driver)

from py_page.app import App
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By

class MyPage(App):


    def goto_login(self):
        # 在我的页面进入【登录】页面
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='账号密码登录']").click()
        from py_page.login_page import LoginPage
        return LoginPage(self.driver)

    def is_cancel(self):
        # 对一键导入弹框进行判断处理
        try:
            self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='取消']").click()
        except:
            pass
        return self

    def get_login_name(self):
        # 登录后在我的页面获取登录昵称
        name_ele = self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/name']")
        name_text = name_ele.get_attribute("text")
        return name_text

from py_page.app import App
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By

class LoginPage(App):


    def account_login(self):
        # 在登录页面进行账号密码登录
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']").click()
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='帐号密码登录']").click()
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_account']").send_keys(
            '13262506790')
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_password']").send_keys('1111111a')
        self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='登录']").click()
        from py_page.my_page import MyPage
        return MyPage(self.driver)

from py_page.main_page import MainPage

class TestLogin:

    def test_login_pos(self):
        name_text = MainPage().goto_myPage().goto_login().account_login().is_cancel().get_login_name()
        print(name_text)
        assert name_text == '思源_smile'

基于上面代码修改app后原测试用例会报错，想一想这是为什么？
因为测试用例中调用MainPage()时由于继承了app，会调用app中的构造方法初始化一个driver=None，但goto_myPage()中有self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, “//*[@text=’我的’]”).click()，然而这个driver是一个None自然没有find_element这个方法
修改方案如下

from appium import webdriver
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By
from appium.webdriver.common.touch_action import TouchAction



class App:

    def __init__(self,driver=None):
        self.driver = driver


    def start(self):
    # 初始化app
        if self.driver==None:
            desired_caps = {}
            desired_caps['platformName'] = 'Android' 
            desired_caps['deviceName'] = 'emulator-5554'         
            desired_caps['appPackage'] = 'com.xueqiu.android'
            desired_caps['appActivity'] = 'view.WelcomeActivityAlias'
            #desired_caps['noReset'] = 'True'

            self.driver = webdriver.Remote('http://localhost:4723/wd/hub', desired_caps)  # 类似于driver = webdriver.Chrome()
            self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
        return self

    def main(self):
        from py_page.main_page import MainPage
        return MainPage(self.driver)

测试用例修改如下：

from py_page.main_page import MainPage
from py_page.app import App

class TestLogin:

    def test_login_pos(self):
        name_text = App().start().main().goto_myPage().goto_login().account_login().is_cancel().get_login_name()
        print(name_text)
        assert name_text == '思源_smile'

7、继续优化py_page，使元素定位及交互从页面类中分离，减少页面类中的代码量，方便维护与管理
（1）在py_page中新建base_page.py封装页面基类，实现对页面元素的定位及交互，页面元素的查找常用有两种形式：查找单个元素&&查找多个元素集，即封装find && finds方法，每个查找元素的形式包含id, xpath, class ,ACCESSIBILITY_ID四种方式故作如下封装，由于BasePage中find&&finds方法需要用到driver，故BasePage初始化一个driver来实现调用self.driver

from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By


class BasePage:

     def __init__(self, driver: webdriver = None):
        self.driver = driver


    def find(self, by, locator):
        by_locator = None
        if by == 'id' or by == 'ID':
            by_locator = (By.ID, locator)
        elif by == 'xpath' or by == 'XPATH':
            by_locator = (By.XPATH, locator)
        elif by == 'class' or by == 'CLASS':
            by_locator = (By.CLASS_NAME, locator)
        elif by == 'ACCESSIBILITY_ID' or by == 'accessibility_id':
            by_locator = (By.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, locator)
        ele = self.driver.find_element(*(by_locator))
        return ele

    def finds(self, by, locator):
        by_locator = None
        if by == 'id' or by == 'ID':
            by_locator = (By.ID, locator)
        elif by == 'xpath' or by == 'XPATH':
            by_locator = (By.XPATH, locator)
        elif by == 'class' or by == 'CLASS':
            by_locator = (By.CLASS_NAME, locator)
        elif by == 'ACCESSIBILITY_ID' or by == 'accessibility_id':
            by_locator = (By.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, locator)
        eles = self.driver.find_elements(*(by_locator))
        return eles

    def find_and_click(self, by, locator):
        ele = self.find(by, locator)
        ele.click()

    def finds_and_click(self, by, locator, index):
        eles = self.finds(by, locator)
        eles[index].click()

    def finds_and_send(self, by, locator, index, text):
        eles = self.finds(by, locator)
        eles[index].send_keys(text)

    def find_and_send(self, by, locator, text):
        self.find(by, locator).send_keys(text)

    def find_and_clear(self, by, locator):
        self.find(by, locator).clear()

    @staticmethod
    def get_yaml_eles(yaml_path):
        with open(yaml_path, "r", encoding="UTF-8") as f:
            datas = yaml.safe_load(f)
        return datas

修改app.py，使App继承BasePage, 因此调用这个App()时会调用BasePage中的构造方法，初始化一个self.driver==None

from appium import webdriver
from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By
from appium.webdriver.common.touch_action import TouchAction

from py_page.base_page import BasePage




class App(BasePage):


    def start(self):
    # 初始化app
        if self.driver==None:
            desired_caps = {}
            desired_caps['platformName'] = 'Android' # 'Android' or ’Ios'
            desired_caps['deviceName'] = 'emulator-5554'
            desired_caps['appPackage'] = 'com.xueqiu.android'
            desired_caps['appActivity'] = 'view.WelcomeActivityAlias'
            #desired_caps['noReset'] = 'True'

            self.driver = webdriver.Remote('http://localhost:4723/wd/hub', desired_caps)  # 类似于driver = webdriver.Chrome()
            self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
        return self

    def main(self):
        from py_page.main_page import MainPage
        return MainPage(self.driver)


    def stop(self):
        self.driver.quit()

�py_page中其他页面类继承页面基类BasePage，使得页面类能够调用页面基类中元素定位及交互方法，后续在测试中需要用到页面元素交互的方法都可以封装在BasePage中，供页面类直接调用；
基于BasePage的封装，优化py_page中页面类的代码实现：

from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By

from py_page.base_page import BasePage

class MainPage(BasePage):


    def goto_myPage(self):
        # 在首页进入【我的】页面
        self.find_and_click(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']")
        from py_page.my_page import MyPage
        return MyPage(self.driver)

from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By

from py_page.base_page import BasePage

class MyPage(BasePage):


    def goto_login(self):
        # 在我的页面进入【登录】页面
        self.find_and_click(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='帐号密码登录']")
        from py_page.login_page import LoginPage
        return LoginPage(self.driver)

    def is_cancel(self):
        # 对一键导入弹框进行判断处理
        try:
            self.find_and_click(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='取消']")
        except:
            pass
        return self

    def get_login_name(self):
        # 登录后在我的页面获取登录昵称
        name_ele = self.find(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/name']")
        name_text = name_ele.get_attribute("text")
        return name_text

from appium.webdriver.common.mobileby import MobileBy as By

from py_page.base_page import BasePage

class LoginPage(BasePage):


    def account_login(self):
        # 在登录页面进行账号密码登录
        self.find_and_send(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_account']",'13262506790')
        self.find_and_send(By.XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_password']",'1111111a')
        self.find_and_click(By.XPATH, "//*[@text='登录']")
        from py_page.my_page import MyPage
        return MyPage(self.driver)

（2）把py_page页面类中的页面元素集中管理，从代码中分离，当前端页面元素及交互变更时，我们减少对页面类中代码的修改，从数据载体中集中统一维护；
新建yaml_page，yaml_page文件夹下对应每一个页面类创建对应的yamlPage
login_page.yaml

account_login:
  login_account: [XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_account']"]
  login_password: [XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/login_password']"]
  login_button: [XPATH, "//*[@text='登录']"]

main_page.yaml

goto_myPage:
  my: [XPATH, "//*[@text='我的']"]

my_page.yaml

goto_login:
  account_login: [XPATH, "//*[@text='帐号密码登录']"]

is_cancel:
  cancel: [XPATH, "//*[@text='取消']"]

get_login_name:
  login_name: [XPATH, "//*[@resource-id='com.xueqiu.android:id/name']"]

修改对应py_page中页面类中的代码
mian_page.py

from py_page.base_page import BasePage

class MainPage(BasePage):

    yaml_path = './yaml_page/main_page.yaml'
    yaml_datas = BasePage.get_yaml_eles(yaml_path)


    def goto_myPage(self):
        # 在首页进入【我的】页面
        datas = self.yaml_datas['goto_myPage']
        self.find_and_click(*datas['my'])
        from py_page.my_page import MyPage
        return MyPage(self.driver)

（3）继续优化py_page中页面类的代码，下面login_page.py中的account_login方法包含多个步骤，可用行为驱动的方式优化
login_page.py

from py_page.base_page import BasePage

class LoginPage(BasePage):

    yaml_path = './yaml_page/login_page.yaml'
    yaml_datas = BasePage.get_yaml_eles(yaml_path)

    def account_login(self):
        # 在登录页面进行账号密码登录
        datas = self.yaml_datas['account_login']
        self.find_and_send(*datas['login_account'],'13262506790')
        self.find_and_send(*datas['login_password'],'1111111a')
        self.find_and_click(*datas['login_button'])
        from py_page.my_page import MyPage
        return MyPage(self.driver)