引导程序（Bootstrap）

引导程序（Bootstrap）

引导程序位于application/bootstrap.php。它负责设置Kohana的环境和执行的主要反应。它被包含在index.php(请看 Request flow) （原文#The bootstrap is located at application/bootstrap.php. It is responsible for setting up the Kohana environment and executing the main response. It is included by index.php (see Request flow)）

[!!] 引导程序负责你的应用程序的流程。在Kohana之前的版本中引导程序在system文件夹，有些内容是看不见的，且无法编辑。在Kohana 3中，引导程序需要一个更加完整和通用的作用。不管怎样，只要你认为是合适的，就不要害怕编辑和修改您的引导程序。（原文#The bootstrap is responsible for the flow of your application. In previous versions of Kohana the bootstrap was in system and was somewhat of an unseen, uneditible force. In Kohana 3 the bootstrap takes on a much more integral and versatile role. Do not be afraid to edit and change your bootstrap however you see fit.）

环境设置（Environment setup）

首先，引导程序设置时区和语言环境，增加Kohana的autoloader，那么级联文件系统可以工作了。你可以增加任何在你的应用程序中所需的所有的其他设置。（原文#First the bootstrap sets the timezone and the locale, and adds Kohana’s autoloader so the cascading filesystem works. You could add any other settings that all your application needed here.）

// 精简过的节选于带注释的bootstrap.php的范例。（原文#Sample excerpt from bootstrap.php with comments trimmed down）
// 设置默认时区（原文#Set the default time zone.）
date_default_timezone_set('America/Chicago');
// 设置默认的语言环境（原文#Set the default locale.）
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'en_US.utf-8');
// 开启Kohana的auto-loader(原文#Enable the Kohana auto-loader.）
spl_autoload_register(array('Kohana', 'auto_load'));
// 为unserialization开启Kohana的auto-loader（原文#Enable the Kohana auto-loader for unserialization.）
ini_set('unserialize_callback_func', 'spl_autoload_call');

初始化和配置（Initialization and Configuration）

Kohana是通过调用[Kohana::init]来初始化，log和config reader/writers被开启。 (原文#Kohana is then initialized by calling [Kohana::init], and the log and config reader/writers are enabled. ）

// 精简过的节选于带注释的bootstrap.php的范例。（Sample excerpt from bootstrap.php with comments trimmed down）
Kohana::init(array('
    base_url' => '/kohana/',
    index_file => false,
));
// 将文件写入器附加到日志记录。支持多写入器。（原文#Attach the file writer to logging. Multiple writers are supported.）
Kohana::$log->attach(new Kohana_Log_File(APPPATH.'logs'));
// 将文件读取器附加到配置。支持多读取器。（原文#Attach a file reader to config. Multiple readers are supported.）
Kohana::$config->attach(new Kohana_Config_File);

你可以添加条件语句使引导程序在某些设置上有不同的值。例如，通过检查$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']和设置相应的缓存、分析等，检测我们是否设置起效。这只是一个例子，有许多不同的方法来完成同样的事情。（原文#You can add conditional statements to make the bootstrap have different values based on certain settings. For example, detect whether we are live by checking $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] and set caching, profiling, etc. accordingly. This is just an example, there are many different ways to accomplish the same thing.）

// 摘录自http://github.com/isaiahdw/kohanaphp.com/blob/f2afe8e28b/application/bootstrap.php（原文#Excerpt from http://github.com/isaiahdw/kohanaphp.com/blob/f2afe8e28b/application/bootstrap.php
... [trimmed]）
/**
 * 用域名来设置环境状况（原文#Set the environment status by the domain.）
 */
if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'], 'kohanaphp.com') !== FALSE)
{
    // 设置起效！（We are live!）
    Kohana::$environment = Kohana::PRODUCTION;
    // 关闭notices和严格的errors（原文#Turn off notices and strict errors）
    error_reporting(E_ALL ^ E_NOTICE ^ E_STRICT);
}
/**
 * 初始化Kohana,设置默认选项（原文#Initialize Kohana, setting the default options.）
 ... [trimmed]
 */
Kohana::init(array(
    'base_url'   => Kohana::$environment === Kohana::PRODUCTION ? '/' : '/kohanaphp.com/',
    'caching'    => Kohana::$environment === Kohana::PRODUCTION,
    'profile'    => Kohana::$environment !== Kohana::PRODUCTION,
    'index_file' => FALSE,
));
... [trimmed]

[!!] 注意：默认的引导程序将设置Kohana::$environment = $_ENV['KOHANA_ENV']，如果设置了。在你的Web服务器的文档(例如Apache, Lighttpd)，文件对如何提供此变量都可用。比许多其他的方法来设置Kohana::$enviroment，这被认为是更好的做法，因此你可以更改每台服务器的设置，而无需依靠配置选项或主机名。（原文#Note: The default bootstrap will set Kohana::$environment = $_ENV['KOHANA_ENV'] if set. Docs on how to supply this variable are available in your web server’s documentation (e.g. Apache, Lighttpd). This is considered better practice than many alternative methods to set Kohana::$enviroment, as you can change the setting per server, without having to rely on config options or hostnames.）

模块（Modules）

阅读Modules页面获取更详细的介绍.（原文#Read the Modules page for a more detailed description.)

通过使用[Kohana::modules()]加载Modules。已经包含的modules是可选的。（原文#Modules are then loaded using [Kohana::modules()]. Including modules is optional. ）

数组里面的每个key应该是module的name,该值是module的路径，相对的或绝对的。（原文#Each key in the array should be the name of the module, and the value is the path to the module, either relative or absolute.）

// 摘录自bootstrap.php的例子（原文#Example excerpt from bootstrap.php)
Kohana::modules(array(
    'database'   => MODPATH.'database',
    'orm'        => MODPATH.'orm',
    'userguide'  => MODPATH.'userguide',
));

路由（Routes）

阅读Routing页面获取更多详细的介绍和例子（原文#Read the Routing page for a more detailed description and more examples.）

Routes are then defined via [Route::set()].

// 来自Kohana 3中的默认路由（The default route that comes with Kohana 3）
Route::set('default', '(<controller>(/<action>(/<id>)))')
    ->defaults(array(
        'controller' => 'welcome',
        'action'     => 'index',
    ));