报告和分析崩溃(段错误)
So you managed to break Julia. Congratulations! Collected here are some general procedures you can undergo for common symptoms encountered when something goes awry. Including the information from these debugging steps can greatly help the maintainers when tracking down a segfault or trying to figure out why your script is running slower than expected.
If you’ve been directed to this page, find the symptom that best matches what you’re experiencing and follow the instructions to generate the debugging information requested. Table of symptoms:
- Segfaults during bootstrap (
sysimg.jl
) - Segfaults when running a script
- Errors during Julia startup
- Other generic segfaults or unreachables reached
Version/Environment info
No matter the error, we will always need to know what version of Julia you are running. When Julia
first starts up, a header is printed out with a version number and date. Please also include the output of versioninfo()
(exported from the InteractiveUtils
standard library) in any report you create:
using InteractiveUtils
versioninfo()
Segfaults during bootstrap (sysimg.jl
)
Segfaults toward the end of the make
process of building Julia are a common symptom of something
going wrong while Julia is preparsing the corpus of code in the base/
folder. Many factors
can contribute toward this process dying unexpectedly, however it is as often as not due to an
error in the C-code portion of Julia, and as such must typically be debugged with a debug build
inside of gdb
. Explicitly:
Create a debug build of Julia:
$ cd <julia_root>
$ make debug
Note that this process will likely fail with the same error as a normal make
incantation, however
this will create a debug executable that will offer gdb
the debugging symbols needed to get
accurate backtraces. Next, manually run the bootstrap process inside of gdb
:
$ cd base/
$ gdb -x ../contrib/debug_bootstrap.gdb
This will start gdb
, attempt to run the bootstrap process using the debug build of Julia, and
print out a backtrace if (when) it segfaults. You may need to hit <enter>
a few times to get
the full backtrace. Create a gist with the backtrace, the version info,
and any other pertinent information you can think of and open a new issue
on Github with a link to the gist.
Segfaults when running a script
The procedure is very similar to Segfaults during bootstrap (sysimg.jl
). Create a debug
build of Julia, and run your script inside of a debugged Julia process:
$ cd <julia_root>
$ make debug
$ gdb --args usr/bin/julia-debug <path_to_your_script>
Note that gdb
will sit there, waiting for instructions. Type r
to run the process, and bt
to generate a backtrace once it segfaults:
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/sabae/src/julia/usr/bin/julia-debug ./test.jl
...
(gdb) bt
Create a gist with the backtrace, the version info, and any other pertinent information you can think of and open a new issue on Github with a link to the gist.
Errors during Julia startup
Occasionally errors occur during Julia’s startup process (especially when using binary distributions, as opposed to compiling from source) such as the following:
$ julia
exec: error -5
These errors typically indicate something is not getting loaded properly very early on in the
bootup phase, and our best bet in determining what’s going wrong is to use external tools to audit
the disk activity of the julia
process:
On Linux, use
strace
:$ strace julia
On OSX, use
dtruss
:$ dtruss -f julia
Create a gist with the strace
/ dtruss
output, the version info,
and any other pertinent information and open a new issue
on Github with a link to the gist.
Other generic segfaults or unreachables reached
As mentioned elsewhere, julia
has good integration with rr
for generating traces; this includes, on Linux, the ability to automatically run julia
under rr
and share the trace after a crash. This can be immensely helpful when debugging such crashes and is strongly encouraged when reporting crash issues to the JuliaLang/julia repo. To run julia
under rr
automatically, do:
julia --bug-report=rr
To generate the rr
trace locally, but not share, you can do:
julia --bug-report=rr-local
Note that this is only works on Linux. The blog post on Time Travelling Bug Reporting has many more details.
Glossary
A few terms have been used as shorthand in this guide:
<julia_root>
refers to the root directory of the Julia source tree; e.g. it should contain folders such asbase
,deps
,src
,test
, etc…..