208. 实现 Trie (前缀树)

难度中等700
Trie(发音类似 “try”)或者说 前缀树 是一种树形数据结构,用于高效地存储和检索字符串数据集中的键。这一数据结构有相当多的应用情景,例如自动补完和拼写检查。
请你实现 Trie 类:

  • Trie() 初始化前缀树对象。
  • void insert(String word) 向前缀树中插入字符串 word
  • boolean search(String word) 如果字符串 word 在前缀树中,返回 true(即,在检索之前已经插入);否则,返回 false
  • boolean startsWith(String prefix) 如果之前已经插入的字符串 word 的前缀之一为 prefix ,返回 true ;否则,返回 false


    示例:
    输入
    [“Trie”, “insert”, “search”, “search”, “startsWith”, “insert”, “search”]
    [[], [“apple”], [“apple”], [“app”], [“app”], [“app”], [“app”]]
    输出
    [null, null, true, false, true, null, true]

解释
Trie trie = new Trie();
trie.insert(“apple”);
trie.search(“apple”); // 返回 True
trie.search(“app”); // 返回 False
trie.startsWith(“app”); // 返回 True
trie.insert(“app”);
trie.search(“app”); // 返回 True


提示:

  • 1 <= word.length, prefix.length <= 2000
  • wordprefix 仅由小写英文字母组成
  • insertsearchstartsWith 调用次数 总计 不超过 3 * 104 次 ``` class Trie { private: //一个trie节点有两个结构,一个是指针,指向子节点的字母映射表,一个是是否是叶 vector children; bool isEnd; Trie* searchPrefix(string prefix){

    1. Trie* node = this;
    2. for(char ch : prefix){
    3. ch -= 'a';
    4. if(node->children[ch] == nullptr){
    5. return nullptr;
    6. }
    7. node = node->children[ch];
    8. }
    9. return node;

    } public: /* Initialize your data structure here. / Trie() : children(26), isEnd(false){}

    /* Inserts a word into the trie. / void insert(string word) {

    1. Trie* node = this;
    2. for(auto ch : word){
    3. ch -= 'a';
    4. if(node->children[ch] == nullptr){
    5. node->children[ch] = new Trie();
    6. }
    7. node = node->children[ch];
    8. }
    9. node->isEnd = true;

    }

    /* Returns if the word is in the trie. / bool search(string word) {

    1. Trie* node = this->searchPrefix(word);
    2. return node != nullptr && node->isEnd;

    }

    /* Returns if there is any word in the trie that starts with the given prefix. / bool startsWith(string prefix) {

    1. return this->searchPrefix(prefix) != nullptr;

    } };

/**

  • Your Trie object will be instantiated and called as such:
  • Trie* obj = new Trie();
  • obj->insert(word);
  • bool param_2 = obj->search(word);
  • bool param_3 = obj->startsWith(prefix); */

    1. <a name="SV2sx"></a>
    2. #### [720. 词典中最长的单词](https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/longest-word-in-dictionary/)

    class Trie { private: bool isEnd; vector children; public: Trie() {

    1. this->children = vector<Trie* >(26, nullptr);
    2. this->isEnd = false;

    } bool insert(const string &word){

    1. Trie * node = this;
    2. for(const auto &ch : word){
    3. int index = ch - 'a';
    4. if(node->children[index] == nullptr){
    5. node->children[index] = new Trie();
    6. }
    7. node = node->children[index];
    8. }
    9. node->isEnd = true;
    10. return true;

    }

    bool search(string word){

    1. Trie* node = this;
    2. for(const auto &ch : word){
    3. int index = ch - 'a';
    4. //这里用isEnd为true保证是有前缀出现过的
    5. if(node->children[index] == nullptr || !node->children[index]->isEnd){
    6. return false;
    7. }
    8. node = node->children[index];
    9. }
    10. return node->isEnd && node != nullptr;

    } }; class Solution { public: string longestWord(vector& words) {

    1. Trie trie;
    2. for(auto & s: words){
    3. trie.insert(s);
    4. }
    5. string ans = "";
    6. for(auto &s: words){
    7. if(trie.search(s)){
    8. //这里保证了,返回的是字典序较小的
    9. if(s.size() > ans.size() || (s.size() == ans.size() && s < ans)){
    10. ans = s;
    11. }
    12. }
    13. }
    14. return ans;

    } }; ```