Postman - Postman 之变量与参数化传递 - 《测试进阶笔记》

Defining variables in scripts
在前、后置脚本中，使用变量
访问变量
">
脚本中发起网络请求
参数化传递/上下文依赖取值 retrieve the value

https://learning.postman.com/docs/sending-requests/variables/ https://learning.postman.com/docs/sending-requests/variables/#defining-variables-in-scripts https://learning.postman.com/docs/sending-requests/managing-environments/

Defining variables in scripts

全局变量

// 语法
pm.globals.set("variable_key", "variable_value");

示例

集合的变量

// 语法
pm.collectionVariables.set("variable_key", "variable_value");

示例

环境env变量

// 语法
pm.enviroment.set("varible_key", "variable_value");

示例

本地临时变量

// 语法
pm.variables.set("variable_key", "variable_value");

在前、后置脚本中，使用变量

访问变量

脚本中发起网络请求

pm.sendRequest(func_name, function(err, res) { };

// 设置全局变量(名称全大写)
const CURRENT_ENV = pm.globals.set('CURRENT_ENV', 'design');
// 设置环境变量
const current_env = pm.environment.set('current_env', 'design');
function sendLoginRequest() {
  const mobile = pm.environment.get("mobile");
  const password = pm.environment.get("password");
  const app_id = pm.environment.get("app_id");
  const loginRequest = {
    url: "https://www.xxxxx.com/ccccc.do",
    method: "POST",
    header: {
      "Content-Type": "application/json;charset=UTF-8",
    },
    body: {
      mode:'raw',
      raw:JSON.stringify({
        "mobile":mobile,
        "password":password,
        "appId":app_id
      })
    }
  };
  pm.sendRequest(loginRequest, function(err, res) {
    console.log("登录的 mobile: " + mobile)
    console.log("访问的 app_id: " + app_id)
    if (err) {
      console.log("===========> 错误信息：" + err + "<===========");
    } else {
      const jsonData = res.json();
      console.log("===========> loginRequest 请求响应体: " + res.text() + "<===========")
      pm.environment.set("access_token", jsonData.data.access_token);
      pm.environment.set("refresh_token", jsonData.data.refresh_token);
      pm.environment.set("access_token_expires",jsonData.data.expires_in);
      pm.environment.set("authorization",(jsonData.data.type + " " + jsonData.data.access_token));
    }
  })
};
function sendRefreshRequest() {
  const app_id = pm.environment.get("app_id");
  const access_token = pm.environment.get("access_token");
  const refresh_token = pm.environment.get("refresh_token");
  const refreshToken = {
    url: "https://www.xxx.com/aaaaa.do",
    method: "POST",
    header: {
      "Content-Type": "application/json;charset=UTF-8", // 注意：header 需要加上 Content-Type
    },
    body: {
      mode:'raw',
      raw:JSON.stringify({
        "app_id":app_id,
        "access_token":access_token,
        "refresh_token":refresh_token
      })
    }
  };
  pm.sendRequest(refreshToken, function(err, res) {
    // console.log("登录的 mobile: " + mobile);    
    console.log("访问的 app_id: " + app_id);
    if (err) {
      console.log("===========> 错误信息：" + err + "<===========");
    } else {
      const jsonData = res.json();
      console.log("===========> refreshToken 请求的响应体: " + res.text() + "<===========")
      pm.environment.set("access_token", jsonData.data.access_token);
      pm.environment.set("refresh_token", jsonData.data.refresh_token);
      pm.environment.set("access_token_expires",jsonData.data.refresh_expires_in);
      pm.environment.set("authorization",(jsonData.data.type + " " + jsonData.data.access_token));
    }
  });
}
var accessToken = pm.environment.get("access_token");
var refreshToken = pm.environment.get("refresh_token");
var accessTokenExpires = pm.environment.get("access_token_expires");
var authorization = pm.environment.get("authorization");
console.log("当前的时间:       " + Date.parse(new Date())/1000);
console.log("返回的过期时间: " + accessTokenExpires);
console.log("access_token 值: " + accessToken);
console.log("refreshToken 值: " + refreshToken);
console.log("authorization 值：" + authorization);
// 如 ACCESS_TOKEN 没有值，则执行发送登录接口请求; ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRES 已过期，则执行发送刷新token的接口请求
if ( !accessToken ) {
  console.log("没有token值，进行登录调用")
  sendLoginRequest();
} else if (accessTokenExpires <= Date.parse(new Date())/1000) {
  console.log("token过期了，进行会话续期调用")
  sendRefreshRequest();
} else {
  console.log("当前token有效")
}

参数化传递/上下文依赖取值 retrieve the value

https://learning.postman.com/docs/writing-scripts/intro-to-scripts/ https://learning.postman.com/docs/writing-scripts/pre-request-scripts/ http://www.postmanlabs.com/postman-collection/RequestBody.html https://learning.postman.com/docs/writing-scripts/script-references/postman-sandbox-api-reference/

前置脚本

pm.request.body
pm.request.body.toString()
pm.request.body.raw   // 如果是空，则为 undefined
// 转化请求体中(有占位的)数据
pm.variables.replaceIn(body_raw);

后置脚本-获取本接口请求中的参数

获取本接口请求中的参数，提供给下一个接口用

// 获取 Query 参数对象
var queryParams = pm.request.url.query;
// 获取 key 为 field1 的 query 参数的值
var field1 = queryParams.get("field1");
// 已键值对象方式获取所有 query 参数
var quertParamsObject = queryParams.toObject();
// 遍历整个 query
queryParams.each((item) => {
  console.log(item.key); // 输出参数名
  console.log(item.value); // 输出参数值
});
// 增加 query 参数
queryParams.add({
  key: "field1",
  value: "value1",
});
// 修改 query 参数（如不存在则新增）
queryParams.upsert({
  key: "field2",
  value: "value2",
});
// 当 body 类型为 form-data 时，从 pm.request.body.formdata 获取请求参数
var formData = pm.request.body.formdata;
// 获取 key 为 field1 的 form-data 参数的值
var field1 = formData.get("field1");
console.log(field1); // 控制台打印 field1
// 当 body 类型为 x-www-form-urlencode** 时，从 pm.request.body.urlencoded 获取请求参数
var formData = pm.request.body.urlencoded;

// 当 body 类型为 json 时，从 pm.request.body.raw 获取请求参数
var jsonData = JSON.parse(pm.request.body.raw); // 获取请求体JSON对象
title = jsonData.Name
pm.environment.set('schematitle',title);
console.log(schematitle); // 控制台打印参整个 json 数据
}

后置脚本-获取本接口响应中的参数

pm.response.json()
//或 JSON.parse(responseBody)

下游接口引用上游的响应参数

URL 参数化

https://www.w3school.com.cn/js/js_string_templates.asp http://www.postmanlabs.com/postman-collection/Request.html

// 环境变量中设置了 password 等值
function sendLoginByPassword(){
    const password = pm.environment.get("password")
    const appId = pm.environment.get("app_id")
    const rsaEncrypt = {
        // 引用变量password
        url: `https://www.xxx.com.cn/tool/rsaencrypt?value=${password}`,
        method: "GET",
        header: {
            "Content-Type": "*/*"
        },
  };
  pm.sendRequest(rsaEncrypt, function(err, res) {
    if (err) {
      console.log(err)
    } else {
      const jsonData = res.json();
      console.log(jsonData)
    }
  })
}
sendLoginByPassword()