5. Future & Promise

 netty 中的 Future 与 jdk 中的 Future 同名，但是是两个接口，netty 的 Future 继承自 jdk 的 Future，而 Promise 又对 netty Future 进行了扩展。

• jdk Future 只能同步等待任务结束（或成功、或失败）才能得到结果
  
• netty Future 可以同步等待任务结束得到结果，也可以异步方式得到结果，但都是要等任务结束
  
• netty Promise 不仅有 netty Future 的功能，而且脱离了任务独立存在，只作为两个线程间传递结果的容器

例1

同步处理任务成功

DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);
eventExecutors.execute(()->{
    try {
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    log.debug("set success, {}",10);
    promise.setSuccess(10);
});
log.debug("start...");
log.debug("{}",promise.getNow()); // 还没有结果
log.debug("{}",promise.get());

输出

11:51:53 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - start...
11:51:53 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - null
11:51:54 [DEBUG] [defaultEventLoop-1-1] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - set success, 10
11:51:54 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - 10

例2

异步处理任务成功

DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);
// 设置回调，异步接收结果
promise.addListener(future -> {
    // 这里的 future 就是上面的 promise
    log.debug("{}",future.getNow());
});
// 等待 1000 后设置成功结果
eventExecutors.execute(()->{
    try {
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    log.debug("set success, {}",10);
    promise.setSuccess(10);
});
log.debug("start...");

输出

11:49:30 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - start...
11:49:31 [DEBUG] [defaultEventLoop-1-1] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - set success, 10
11:49:31 [DEBUG] [defaultEventLoop-1-1] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - 10

例3

同步处理任务失败 - sync & get

DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
        DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);
        eventExecutors.execute(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException("error...");
            log.debug("set failure, {}", e.toString());
            promise.setFailure(e);
        });
        log.debug("start...");
        log.debug("{}", promise.getNow());
        promise.get(); // sync() 也会出现异常，只是 get 会再用 ExecutionException 包一层异常

输出

12:11:07 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - start...
12:11:07 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - null
12:11:08 [DEBUG] [defaultEventLoop-1-1] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - set failure, java.lang.RuntimeException: error...
Exception in thread "main" java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.RuntimeException: error...
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.AbstractFuture.get(AbstractFuture.java:41)
    at com.itcast.oio.DefaultPromiseTest2.main(DefaultPromiseTest2.java:34)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: error...
    at com.itcast.oio.DefaultPromiseTest2.lambda$main$0(DefaultPromiseTest2.java:27)
    at io.netty.channel.DefaultEventLoop.run(DefaultEventLoop.java:54)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$5.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:918)
    at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

例4

同步处理任务失败 - await

DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);
eventExecutors.execute(() -> {
    try {
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException("error...");
    log.debug("set failure, {}", e.toString());
    promise.setFailure(e);
});
log.debug("start...");
log.debug("{}", promise.getNow());
promise.await(); // 与 sync 和 get 区别在于，不会抛异常
log.debug("result {}", (promise.isSuccess() ? promise.getNow() : promise.cause()).toString());

输出

12:18:53 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - start...
12:18:53 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - null
12:18:54 [DEBUG] [defaultEventLoop-1-1] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - set failure, java.lang.RuntimeException: error...
12:18:54 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - result java.lang.RuntimeException: error...

例5

异步处理任务失败

DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);
promise.addListener(future -> {
    log.debug("result {}", (promise.isSuccess() ? promise.getNow() : promise.cause()).toString());
});
eventExecutors.execute(() -> {
    try {
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException("error...");
    log.debug("set failure, {}", e.toString());
    promise.setFailure(e);
});
log.debug("start...");

输出

12:04:57 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - start...
12:04:58 [DEBUG] [defaultEventLoop-1-1] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - set failure, java.lang.RuntimeException: error...
12:04:58 [DEBUG] [defaultEventLoop-1-1] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - result java.lang.RuntimeException: error...

例6

await 死锁检查

DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);
eventExecutors.submit(()->{
    System.out.println("1");
    try {
        promise.await();
        // 注意不能仅捕获 InterruptedException 异常
        // 否则 死锁检查抛出的 BlockingOperationException 会继续向上传播
        // 而提交的任务会被包装为 PromiseTask，它的 run 方法中会 catch 所有异常然后设置为 Promise 的失败结果而不会抛出
    } catch (Exception e) { 
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println("2");
});
eventExecutors.submit(()->{
    System.out.println("3");
    try {
        promise.await();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println("4");
});

输出

1
2
3
4
io.netty.util.concurrent.BlockingOperationException: DefaultPromise@47499c2a(incomplete)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.checkDeadLock(DefaultPromise.java:384)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.await(DefaultPromise.java:212)
    at com.itcast.oio.DefaultPromiseTest.lambda$main$0(DefaultPromiseTest.java:27)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.PromiseTask$RunnableAdapter.call(PromiseTask.java:38)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.PromiseTask.run(PromiseTask.java:73)
    at io.netty.channel.DefaultEventLoop.run(DefaultEventLoop.java:54)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$5.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:918)
    at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
io.netty.util.concurrent.BlockingOperationException: DefaultPromise@47499c2a(incomplete)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.checkDeadLock(DefaultPromise.java:384)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.await(DefaultPromise.java:212)
    at com.itcast.oio.DefaultPromiseTest.lambda$main$1(DefaultPromiseTest.java:36)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.PromiseTask$RunnableAdapter.call(PromiseTask.java:38)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.PromiseTask.run(PromiseTask.java:73)
    at io.netty.channel.DefaultEventLoop.run(DefaultEventLoop.java:54)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$5.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:918)
    at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)