[C ]基本配置介绍

task.json 和 launch.json 是 vscode中两个最为关键的文件配置。

一、task.json

可见官网：https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/tasks#vscode
cmd+shift+p 打开搜索栏，搜 “task”创建，同时会生成 .vscode 目录。

一个简单的C++配置

等于在终端执行：g++ -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ -g file.cpp -o file

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
      {
        "type": "shell", // 表明任务执行的是 shell命令
        "label": "testMake", // 任务名字
        "command": "g++", // 执行的命令
        "args": [
          "-std=c++11",
          "-stdlib=libc++",
          "-g",
          "${file}",
          "-o",
          "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
        ],
        "options": {
          "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
        },
        "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"], // 使用gcc捕获错误
        "group": {
          "kind": "build",
          "isDefault": true
          // 任务分组，因为是tasks而不是task，意味着可以连着执行很多任务
          // 在build组的任务们，可以通过在Command Palette(F1) 输入run build task来运行
          // 当然，如果任务分组是test，你就可以用run test task来运行 
        }
      }
    ]
  }

二、launch.json

debug配置

{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
      {
        "name": "g++ Build and debug active file",
        "type": "cppdbg",
        "request": "launch",
        "program": "${workspaceFolder}/output",
        "args": [],
        "stopAtEntry": true, // 选为true则会在打开控制台后停滞，暂时不执行程序
        "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
        "environment": [],
        "externalConsole": false, // 是否使用外部控制台，选false的话，我的vscode会出现错误
        "MIMode": "lldb",
        "preLaunchTask": "testMake" 
        //在launch之前运行的任务名，这个名字一定要跟tasks.json中的任务名字大小写一致
      }
    ]
  }

三、Makefile支持

task.json 配置如下，launch.json 同上。

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
      {
        "type": "shell",
        "label": "testMake",
        "command":"make",
        "args":[
          "output"
        ],
        "options": {
          "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
        },
        "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],
        "group": {
          "kind": "build",
          "isDefault": true
        }
      }
    ]
  }

四、基本的变量

https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/variables-reference
假设打开文件是：/home/user/project/folder/test.cpp，文件夹：/home/user/project

• ${workspaceFolder} ：VsCode打开的文件夹路径，即：/home/user/project
• ${workspaceFolderBasename}：VsCode打开的文件名字，没有路径。即：project
• ${file} ：现在打开的文件，即：/home/user/project/folder/test.cpp
• ${fileWorkspaceFolder} ：打开文件所在工作空间文件夹,即：/home/user/project/
• ${relativeFile} : 相对空间目录的路径，即：folder/test.cpp
• ${relativeFileDirname} ：folder
• ${fileBasename} ：test.cpp
• ${fileBasenameNoExtension} : test
• ${fileDirname} :/home/user/project/folder
• ${fileExtname} : .cpp
• ${cwd} - the task runner’s current working directory on startup
• ${lineNumber} - the current selected line number in the active file
• ${selectedText} - the current selected text in the active file
• ${execPath} - the path to the running VS Code executable
• ${defaultBuildTask} - the name of the default build task
• ${pathSeparator} - the character used by the operating system to separate components in file paths

参考

1、https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/92175757
2、https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/cpp/config-clang-mac若有收获，就点个赞吧