Shiro框架
1、Shiro简介
1.1、什么是Shiro?
- Apache Shiro是一个Java的安全(权限)框架。
- Shiro可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用,其不仅可以用在JavaSE环境,也可以用在JavaEE环境。
- Shiro可以完成,认证,授权,加密,会话管理,Web集成,缓存等。
- 下载地址:http://shiro.apache.org/
1.2、有哪些功能?
Authentication:身份认证、登录,验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份;
Authorization:授权,即权限验证,验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权限,即判断用户能否进行什么操作,如:验证某个用户是否拥有某个角色,或者细粒度的验证某个用户对某个资源是否具有某个权限!
Session Manager:会话管理,即用户登录后就是第一次会话,在没有退出之前,它的所有信息都在会话中;
会话可以是普通的JavaSE环境,也可以是Web环境;Cryptography:加密,保护数据的安全性,如密码加密存储到数据库中,而不是明文存储;
Web Support:Web支持,可以非常容易的集成到Web环境
Caching:缓存,比如用户登录后,其用户信息,拥有的角色、权限不必每次去查,这样可以提高效率
Concurrency:Shiro支持多线程应用的并发验证,即,如在一个线程中开启另一个线程,能把权限自动的传播过去
Testing:提供测试支持;
RunAs:允许一个用户假装为另一个用户(如果他们允许)的身份进行访问;
Remember Me:记住我,这个是非常常见的功能,即一次登录后,下次再来的话不用登录了
1.3、Shiro架构(外部)
从外部来看Shiro,即从应用程序角度来观察如何使用shiro完成工作
subject:应用代码直接交互的对象是Subject,也就是说Shiro的对外API核心就是Subject,Subject代表了当前的用户,这个用户不一定是一个具体的人,与当前应用交互的任何东西都是Subject,如网络爬虫,机器人等,与Subject的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager;Subject其实是一个门面,SecurityManageer才是实际的执行者
SecurityManager:安全管理器,即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SercurityManager交互,并且它管理着所有的Subject,可以看出它是Shiro的核心,它负责与Shiro的其他组件进行交互,它相当于SpringMVC的DispatcherServlet的角色
Realm:Shiro从Realm获取安全数据(如用户,角色,权限),就是说SecurityManager要验证用户身份,那么它需要从Realm获取相应的用户进行比较,来确定用户的身份是否合法;也需要从Realm得到用户相应的角色、权限,进行验证用户的操作是否能够进行,可以把Realm看成DataSource;
1.4、Shiro架构(内部)
- Subject:任何可以与应用交互的用户;
- Security Manager:相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet;是Shiro的心脏,所有具体的交互都通过
Security Manager进行控制,它管理者所有的Subject,且负责进行认证,授权,会话,及缓存的管理。 - Authenticator:负责Subject认证,是一个扩展点,可以自定义实现;可以使用认证策略(AuthenticationStrategy),即什么情况下算用户认证通过了;
- Authorizer:授权器,即访问控制器,用来决定主体是否有权限进行相应的操作;即控制着用户能访问应用中的那些功能;
- Realm:可以有一个或者多个的realm,可以认为是安全实体数据源,即用于获取安全实体的,可以用JDBC实现,也可以是内存实现等等,由用户提供;所以一般在应用中都需要实现自己的realm
- SessionManager:管理Session生命周期的组件,而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web环境,也可以用在普通的JavaSE环境中
- CacheManager:缓存控制器,来管理如用户,角色,权限等缓存的;因为这些数据基本上很少改变,放到缓存中后可以提高访问的性能;
- Cryptography:密码模块,Shiro提高了一些常见的加密组件用于密码加密,解密等
2、HelloWorld
2.2、快速实战
查看官网文档:http://shiro.apache.org/tutorial.html
官方的quickstart:https://github.com/apache/shiro/tree/master/samples/quickstart/
创建一个maven父工程,用于学习Shiro,删掉不必要的东西
创建一个普通的Maven子工程:shiro-01-helloworld
根据官方文档,我们来导入Shiro的依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
<version>1.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
<version>1.7.21</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.7.21</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
- 配置文件
shiro.ini ```ini [users] root = secret, admin guest = guest, guest presidentskroob = 12345, president darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz
——————————————————————————————————————-
Roles with assigned permissions
roleName = perm1, perm2, …, permN
——————————————————————————————————————-
[roles] admin = schwartz = lightsaber: goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5
<br />log4j.properties
```properties
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n
# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN
# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN
# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO
# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN
Quickstart ```java import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils; import org.apache.shiro.authc.; import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory; import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager; import org.apache.shiro.session.Session; import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject; import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; /*
- Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro’s API. *
@since 0.9 RC2 */ public class Quickstart {
//使用log来输出 private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
// The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
// realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
// We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
// return a SecurityManager instance:
//创建带有配置的Shiro SecurityManager的最简单方法
//领域,用户,角色和权限是使用简单的INI配置。
//我们将使用可提取.ini文件的工厂来完成此操作,
//返回一个SecurityManager实例:
// Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
// (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
//在类路径的根目录下使用shiro.ini文件
//(file:和url:前缀分别从文件和url加载):
Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
// for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
// accessible as a JVM singleton. Most applications wouldn't do this
// and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
// webapps. That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
// we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
// for things.
//对于这个简单的示例快速入门,请使SecurityManager
//作为JVM 单例 访问。大多数应用程序都不会这样做
//,而是依靠其容器配置或web.xml进行
// webapps。这超出了此简单快速入门的范围,因此
//我们只做最低限度的工作,所以您可以继续感受一下
// 为了这些事。
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
// Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:
//获取当前正在用户对象Subject:
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
//通过当前用户获取Session
Session session = currentUser.getSession();
session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
if (value.equals("aValue")) {
log.info("Subject===>session [" + value + "]");
}
// 判断当前用户是否被认证
if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
// token 令牌 没有获取,随机
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
// 设置记住我
token.setRememberMe(true);
try {
// 执行了登陆操作
currentUser.login(token);
} catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
// 未知账号
log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
// 密码错误
log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
} catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
// 账号锁定
log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " +
"Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
}
// ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
// 认证异常
//unexpected condition? error?
}
}
//say who they are:
//print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
// 获取当前用户认证码,可以存储信息
log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");
//test a role:
// 测试角色
if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
} else {
log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
}
//test a typed permission (not instance-level)
// 测试输入的权限 粗粒度权限
if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
}
//a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
// 细粒度权限
if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. " +
"Here are the keys - have fun!");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
}
// 注销
//all done - log out!
currentUser.logout();
System.exit(0);
}
}
```java
//获取当前正在用户对象Subject:
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
//通过当前用户获取Session
Session session = currentUser.getSession();
//用户认证
currentUser.isAuthenticated();
//获取当前用户认证码,(可以存储信息)
currentUser.getPrincipal();
//用户——>角色
currentUser.hasRole("schwartz");
//角色权限
currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield");
//注销
currentUser.logout();
3、SpringBoot整合Shiro
3.1、环境搭建
1、导入依赖
<!--shiro整合spring-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--thymeleaf模板-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-java8time</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、编写Config配置类
//自定义Realm
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
//授权
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
System.out.println("==执行了授权==");
return null;
}
//认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("==执行了认证==");
return null;
}
}
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
//ShiroFilterFactoryBean:3
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean bean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
//设置安全管理器
bean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager);
return bean;
}
//DefaultWebSecurityManager:2
@Bean(name = "securityManager")
public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm") UserRealm userRealm) {
DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
//关联Realm
securityManager.setRealm(userRealm());
return securityManager;
}
//创建realm对象, 需要自定义类:1
@Bean
public UserRealm userRealm() {
return new UserRealm();
}
}
- 页面跳转
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping({"/","index"})
public String index(Model model) {
model.addAttribute("msg","hello,Shiro");
return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("/user/add")
public String add() {
return "user/add";
}
@RequestMapping("/user/update")
public String update() {
return "user/update";
}
}
3.2、登录拦截
增加配置
//添加shiro的内置过滤器
/*
anon:无需认证就可以访问
authc:必须认证了才能让问
user:必须拥有记住我功能才能用
perms:拥有对某个资源的权限才能访问
role:拥有某个角色权限才能访问
*/
/*
filterMap.put("/user/add","authc");
filterMap.put("/user/update","authc");
*/
//登录拦截
Map<String, String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
filterMap.put("/user/*","authc");
bean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
//设置登录请求
bean.setLoginUrl("/toLogin");
跳转
@RequestMapping("/toLogin")
public String toLogin() {
return "login";
}
3.3、用户认证
增加用户判断
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(String username, String password, Model model) {
//获取当前用户
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
//封装用户登录数据
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password);
try {
//执行登录方法
subject.login(token);
return "index";
} catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
//用户名不存在
model.addAttribute("msg","用户名错误");
return "login";
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
//密码不正确
model.addAttribute("msg","密码错误");
return "login";
}
}
给UserRealm增加新的配置
//认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("==执行了认证==");
//用户名,密码 数据中取
String name="root";
String password="root";
UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) token;
if (!userToken.getUsername().equals(name)) {
//抛出异常 UnknownAccountException
return null;
}
//密码认证Shiro做
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("",password,"");
}
3.4、整合Mybatis
导入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.10</version>
</dependency>
<!--
Subject用户
SecurityManager 管理所有用户
Realm连接数据
-->
<!--连接mysql-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--druid-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.12</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--log4j-->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
配置application.yml 数据库和mybatis
spring:
datasource:
username: root
password: 123456
#?serverTimezone=UTC解决时区的报错
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatisK?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
#Spring Boot 默认是不注入这些属性值的,需要自己绑定
#druid 数据源专有配置
initialSize: 5
minIdle: 5
maxActive: 20
maxWait: 60000
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
poolPreparedStatements: true
#配置监控统计拦截的filters,stat:监控统计、log4j:日志记录、wall:防御sql注入
#如果允许时报错 java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.log4j.Priority
#则导入 log4j 依赖即可,Maven 地址:https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j
filters: stat,wall,log4j
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500
# 整合 mybatis
mybatis:
type-aliases-package: cn.dafran.pojo
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
# #缓存
# thymeleaf:
# cache: false
#
# #我们的配置文件的真实位置
# messages:
# basename: i18n.login
#
# mvc:
# #时间日期格式化
# date-format: yyyy-MM-dd
# #是否开启默认图标
# favicon:
# enabled: false
#
#
修改UserRealm配置
@Autowired
UserServiceImpl userService;
//认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("==执行了认证==");
UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) token;
//连接真实数据库
User user = userService.queryUserByName(userToken.getUsername());
if (user == null) {
return null;
}
//密码认证Shiro做
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("",user.getPwd(),"");
}
编写pojo、dao、service
3.5、请求授权实现
增加权限配置
ShiroConfig
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager) {
//授权,正常的情况下,没有授权会跳转到未授权页面
filterMap.put("/user/add","perms[user:add]");
filterMap.put("/user/update","perms[user:update]");
filterMap.put("/user/*","authc");
bean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
//设置登录请求
bean.setLoginUrl("/toLogin");
//设置未授权页面
bean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/noauth");
}
Controller增加
@RequestMapping("/noauth")
@ResponseBody
public String unauthorized() {
return "未经授权无法访问";
}
修改Realm
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Autowired
UserServiceImpl userService;
//授权
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
System.out.println("==执行了授权==");
//SimpleAuthenticationInfo
SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
//增加权限
/*info.addStringPermission("user:add");*/
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
User currentUser = (User) subject.getPrincipal(); //拿到user对象
//设置当前用户对象
info.addStringPermission(currentUser.getPerms());
return info;
}
//认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("==执行了认证==");
UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) token;
//连接真实数据库
User user = userService.queryUserByName(userToken.getUsername());
if (user == null) {
return null;
}
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user,user.getPwd(),"");
}
}
3.6、整合Thymelafe
导入依赖
<!--shiro整合thymeleaf-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.theborakompanioni</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-shiro</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
ShiroConfig 增加配置
//整合ShiroDialect:用来整合 shiro thymeleaf
@Bean
public ShiroDialect getShiroDialect() {
return new ShiroDialect();
}
验证session
//认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("==执行了认证==");
UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) token;
//连接真实数据库
User user = userService.queryUserByName(userToken.getUsername());
if (user == null) {
return null;
}
/*//加密方式
String hashAlgorithmName = "MD5";
ByteSource credential = ByteSource.Util.bytes(user.getPwd());
String realpwd=user.getPwd();
//密码认证Shiro做*/
/*判断是否有用户*/
Subject currentSubject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
Session session = currentSubject.getSession();
session.setAttribute("loginUser",user);
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user,user.getPwd(),"");
}
修改页面
<div shiro:hasPermission="user:add">
<a th:href="@{/user/add}">add</a>|
</div>
<div shiro:hasPermission="user:update">
<a th:href="@{/user/update}">update</a>
</div>
<div th:if="${session.loginUser==null}">
<a th:href="@{/toLogin}">登录</a>
</div>