前言
环境准备：
1. 系统初始化：
2. master节点操作
- 1 . 安装haproxy
- 2. sh-master-01节点初始化
3. helm 安装部署cilium 与hubble(默认helm3了)
- 1. 下载helm并安装helm
- 2 . helm 安装cilium hubble
4. work节点部署
5. master节点验证
6. 其他
- 1. 验证下hubble hubble ui
- 2 .将ETCDCTL工具部署在容器外
总结

前言

腾讯云绑定用户，开始使用过腾讯云的tke1.10版本。鉴于各种原因选择了自建。线上kubeadm自建kubernetes集群1.16版本（小版本升级到1.16.15）。kubeadm+haproxy+slb+flannel搭建高可用集群，集群启用ipvs。对外服务使用slb绑定traefik tcp 80 443端口对外映射（这是历史遗留问题，过去腾讯云slb不支持挂载多证书，这样也造成了无法使用slb的日志投递功能，现在slb已经支持了多证书的挂载，可以直接使用http http方式了）。生产环境当时搭建仓库没有使用腾讯云的块存储，直接使用cbs。直接用了local disk,还有nfs的共享存储。前几天整了个项目的压力测试，然后使用nfs存储的项目IO直接就飙升了。生产环境不建议使用。准备安装kubernetes 1.20版本，并使用cilium组网。hubble替代kube-proxy 体验一下ebpf。另外也直接上containerd。dockershim的方式确实也浪费资源的。这样也是可以减少资源开销，部署速度的。反正就是体验一下各种最新功能：

图片引用自：https://blog.kelu.org/tech/2020/10/09/the-diff-between-docker-containerd-runc-docker-shim.html

环境准备：

主机名	ip	系统	内核
sh-master-01	10.3.2.5	centos8	4.18.0-240.15.1.el8_3.x86_64
sh-master-02	10.3.2.13	centos8	4.18.0-240.15.1.el8_3.x86_64
sh-master-03	10.3.2.16	centos8	4.18.0-240.15.1.el8_3.x86_64
sh-work-01	10.3.2.2	centos8	4.18.0-240.15.1.el8_3.x86_64
sh-work-02	10.3.2.2	centos8	4.18.0-240.15.1.el8_3.x86_64
sh-work-03	10.3.2.4	centos8	4.18.0-240.15.1.el8_3.x86_64

注：用centos8是为了懒升级内核版本了。centos7内核版本3.10确实有些老了。但是同样的centos8 kubernetes源是没有的，只能使用centos7的源。
VIP slb地址：10.3.2.12（因为内网没有使用域名的需求，直接用了传统型内网负载，为了让slb映射端口与本地端口一样中间加了一层haproxy代理本地6443.然后slb代理8443端口为6443.）。

1. 系统初始化：

注：由于环境是部署在公有云的，使用了懒人方法。直接初始化了一台server.然后其他的直接都是复制的方式搭建的。

1. 更改主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname sh-master-01
cat /etc/hosts

就是举个例子了。我的host文件只在三台master节点写了，work节点都没有写的…….

2. 关闭swap交换分区

swapoff -a
sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

3. 关闭selinux

setenforce  0 
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux 
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config 
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux 
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config

4. 关闭防火墙

systemctl disable --now firewalld
chkconfig firewalld off

5. 调整文件打开数等配置

cat> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
* soft nproc 1000000
* hard nproc 1000000
* soft nofile 1000000
* hard nofile 1000000
* soft  memlock  unlimited
* hard memlock  unlimited
EOF

当然了这里最好的其实是/etc/security/limits.d目录下生成一个新的配置文件。避免修改原来的总配置文件、这也是推荐使用的方式。

6. yum update 八仙过海各显神通吧，安装自己所需的习惯的应用

yum update
yum -y install  gcc bc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel cmake elfutils-libelf-devel openssl-devel flex* bison* autoconf automake zlib* fiex* libxml* ncurses-devel libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel* make cmake  pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel   jemalloc-devel tlc libtool vim unzip wget lrzsz bash-comp* ipvsadm ipset jq sysstat conntrack libseccomp conntrack-tools socat curl wget git conntrack-tools psmisc nfs-utils tree bash-completion conntrack libseccomp net-tools crontabs sysstat iftop nload strace bind-utils tcpdump htop telnet lsof

7. ipvs添加（centos8内核默认4.18.内核4.19不包括4.19的是用这个）

:> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf
module=(
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
br_netfilter
  )
for kernel_module in ${module[@]};do
    /sbin/modinfo -F filename $kernel_module |& grep -qv ERROR && echo $kernel_module >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf || :
done

内核大于等于4.19的

:> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf
module=(
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
br_netfilter
  )
for kernel_module in ${module[@]};do
    /sbin/modinfo -F filename $kernel_module |& grep -qv ERROR && echo $kernel_module >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf || :
done

这个地方我想我开不开ipvs应该没有多大关系了吧？因为我网络组件用的cilium hubble。网络用的是ebpf。没有用iptables ipvs吧？至于配置ipvs算是原来部署养成的习惯
加载ipvs模块

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service

查询ipvs是否加载

#  lsmod | grep ip_vs
ip_vs_sh               16384  0
ip_vs_wrr              16384  0
ip_vs_rr               16384  0
ip_vs                 172032  6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack          172032  6 xt_conntrack,nf_nat,xt_state,ipt_MASQUERADE,xt_CT,ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6         20480  4 nf_conntrack,xt_socket,xt_TPROXY,ip_vs
libcrc32c              16384  3 nf_conntrack,nf_nat,ip_vs

8. 优化系统参数(不一定是最优，各取所有)

cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_stale_time = 120
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1024
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
# 要求iptables不对bridge的数据进行处理
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2310720
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
fs.file-max = 52706963
fs.nr_open = 52706963
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
vm.swappiness = 0
EOF
sysctl --system

9. containerd安装

dnf 与yum centos8的变化，具体的自己去看了呢。差不多吧…….

dnf install dnf-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum update -y && sudo yum install -y containerd.io
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
# 替换 containerd 默认的 sand_box 镜像，编辑 /etc/containerd/config.toml
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2"
# 重启containerd
$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ systemctl restart containerd

其他的配置一个是启用SystemdCgroup另外一个是添加了本地镜像库，账号密码（直接使用了腾讯云的仓库）。

10. 配置 CRI 客户端 crictl

VERSION="v1.21.0"
wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/$VERSION/crictl-$VERSION-linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf crictl-$VERSION-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin
rm -f crictl-$VERSION-linux-amd64.tar.gz

cat <<EOF > /etc/crictl.yaml
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 10
debug: false
EOF
# 验证是否可用（可以顺便验证一下私有仓库）
crictl  pull nginx:alpine
crictl  rmi  nginx:alpine
crictl  images

11. 安装 Kubeadm(centos8没有对应yum源使用centos7的阿里云yum源)

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
# 删除旧版本，如果安装了
yum remove kubeadm kubectl kubelet kubernetes-cni cri-tools socat 
# 查看所有可安装版本 下面两个都可以啊
# yum list --showduplicates kubeadm --disableexcludes=kubernetes
# 安装指定版本用下面的命令
# yum -y install kubeadm-1.20.5 kubectl-1.20.5 kubelet-1.20.5
or 
# yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
# 默认安装最新稳定版，当前版本1.20.5
yum install kubeadm
# 开机自启
systemctl enable kubelet.service

12. 修改kubelet配置

vi /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS= --cgroup-driver=systemd --container-runtime=remote --container-runtime-endpoint=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

13 . journal 日志相关避免日志重复搜集，浪费系统资源。修改systemctl启动的最小文件打开数量,关闭ssh反向dns解析.设置清理日志，最大200m(可根据个人需求设置)

sed -ri 's/^\$ModLoad imjournal/#&/' /etc/rsyslog.conf
sed -ri 's/^\$IMJournalStateFile/#&/' /etc/rsyslog.conf
sed -ri 's/^#(DefaultLimitCORE)=/\1=100000/' /etc/systemd/system.conf
sed -ri 's/^#(DefaultLimitNOFILE)=/\1=100000/' /etc/systemd/system.conf
sed -ri 's/^#(UseDNS )yes/\1no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
journalctl --vacuum-size=200M

2. master节点操作

1 . 安装haproxy

yum install haproxy

cat <<EOF >  /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Example configuration for a possible web application.  See the
# full configuration options online.
#
#   http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt
#
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
    # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
    # need to:
    #
    # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events.  This is done
    #    by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
    #    /etc/sysconfig/syslog
    #
    # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
    #   file. A line like the following can be added to
    #   /etc/sysconfig/syslog
    #
    #    local2.*                       /var/log/haproxy.log
    #
    log         127.0.0.1 local2
    chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
    pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     4000
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon
    # turn on stats unix socket
    stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
    mode                    tcp
    log                     global
    option                  tcplog
    option                  dontlognull
    option http-server-close
    option forwardfor       except 127.0.0.0/8
    option                  redispatch
    retries                 3
    timeout http-request    10s
    timeout queue           1m
    timeout connect         10s
    timeout client          1m
    timeout server          1m
    timeout http-keep-alive 10s
    timeout check           10s
    maxconn                 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# main frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend kubernetes
    bind *:8443              #配置端口为8443
    mode tcp
    default_backend kubernetes
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend kubernetes           #后端服务器，也就是说访问10.3.2.12:6443会将请求转发到后端的三台，这样就实现了负载均衡
    balance roundrobin               
    server master1  10.3.2.5:6443 check maxconn 2000
    server master2  10.3.2.13:6443 check maxconn 2000
    server master3  10.3.2.16:6443 check maxconn 2000
EOF
 systemctl enable haproxy && systemctl start haproxy && systemctl status haproxy

嗯 slb绑定端口

2. sh-master-01节点初始化

1.生成config配置文件

kubeadm config print init-defaults > config.yaml

下面的图就是举个例子…….

2. 修改kubeadm初始化文件

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 10.3.2.5
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: /run/containerd/containerd.sock
  name: sh-master-01
  taints:
  - effect: NoSchedule
    key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
  certSANs:
  - sh-master-01
  - sh-master-02
  - sh-master-03
  - sh-master.k8s.io
  - localhost
  - 127.0.0.1
  - 10.3.2.5
  - 10.3.2.13
  - 10.3.2.16
  - 10.3.2.12
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: "10.3.2.12:6443"
controllerManager: {}
dns:
  type: CoreDNS
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.5
networking:
  dnsDomain: xx.daemon
  serviceSubnet: 172.254.0.0/16
  podSubnet: 172.3.0.0/16
scheduler: {}

修改的地方在下图中做了标识

3. kubeadm master-01节点初始化（屏蔽kube-proxy）。

kubeadm init --skip-phases=addon/kube-proxy --config=config.yaml

安装成功截图就忽略了，后写的笔记没有保存截图。成功的日志中包含

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
按照输出sh-master-02 ，sh-master-03节点加入集群
将sh-master-01 /etc/kubernetes/pki目录下ca.* sa.* front-proxy-ca.* etcd/ca* 打包分发到sh-master-02,sh-master-03 /etc/kubernetes/pki目录下 
kubeadm join 10.3.2.12:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:eb0fe00b59fa27f82c62c91def14ba294f838cd0731c91d0d9c619fe781286b6     --control-plane
然后同sh-master-01一样执行一遍下面的命令：
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo \cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

3. helm 安装部署cilium 与hubble(默认helm3了)

1. 下载helm并安装helm

注：由于网络原因。下载helm安装包下载不动经常，直接github下载到本地了

tar zxvf helm-v3.5.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz 
cp helm /usr/bin/

2 . helm 安装cilium hubble

早先版本 cilium 与hubble是分开的现在貌似都集成了一波流走一遍：

helm install cilium cilium/cilium --version 1.9.5
--namespace kube-system
--set nodeinit.enabled=true
--set externalIPs.enabled=true
--set nodePort.enabled=true
--set hostPort.enabled=true
--set pullPolicy=IfNotPresent
--set config.ipam=cluster-pool
--set hubble.enabled=true
--set hubble.listenAddress=":4244"
--set hubble.relay.enabled=true
--set hubble.metrics.enabled="{dns,drop,tcp,flow,port-distribution,icmp,http}"
--set prometheus.enabled=true
--set peratorPrometheus.enabled=true
--set hubble.ui.enabled=true
--set kubeProxyReplacement=strict
--set k8sServiceHost=10.3.2.12
--set k8sServicePort=6443

部署成功就是这样的

嗯木有kube-proxy的（截图是work加点加入后的故node-init cilium pod都有6个）

4. work节点部署

sh-work-01 sh-work-02 sh-work-03节点加入集群

kubeadm join 10.3.2.12:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:eb0fe00b59fa27f82c62c91def14ba294f838cd0731c91d0d9c619fe781286b6

5. master节点验证

随便一台master节点。默认master-01节点

容易出错的地方

关于slb绑定。绑定一台server然后kubeadm init是容易出差的 slb 端口与主机端口一样。自己连自己是不可以的….不明觉厉。试了好几次。最后绑定三个都先启动了haproxy。

cilium依赖于BPF要先确认下系统是否挂载了BPF文件系统（我的是检查了默认启用了）

[root@sh-master-01 manifests]# mount |grep bpf
bpf on /sys/fs/bpf type bpf (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700)

3.关于kubernetes的配置Cgroup设置与containerd一直都用了system,记得检查

KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS= --cgroup-driver=systemd --container-runtime=remote --container-runtime-endpoint=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

在 kube-controller-manager 中使能 PodCIDR

在 controller-manager.config 中添加--allocate-node-cidrs=true

6. 其他

1. 验证下hubble hubble ui
```
kubectl edit svc hubble-ui -n kube-system
```
修改为NodePort 先测试一下。后面会用traefik代理

work or master节点随便一个公网IP+nodeport访问

2 .将ETCDCTL工具部署在容器外
很多时候要用etcdctl还要进入容器比较麻烦，把etcdctl工具直接提取到master01节点docker有copy的命令 containerd不会玩了直接github仓库下载etcdctl
``` tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz cd etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64/ cp etcdctl /usr/local/bin/etcdctl

cat >/etc/profile.d/etcd.sh<<’EOF’ ETCD_CERET_DIR=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ ETCD_CA_FILE=ca.crt ETCD_KEY_FILE=healthcheck-client.key ETCD_CERT_FILE=healthcheck-client.crt ETCD_EP=https://10.3.2.5:2379,https://10.3.2.13:2379,https://10.3.2.16:2379

alias etcd_v3=”ETCDCTL_API=3 \ etcdctl \ —cert ${ETCD_CERET_DIR}/${ETCD_CERT_FILE} \ —key ${ETCD_CERET_DIR}/${ETCD_KEY_FILE} \ —cacert ${ETCD_CERET_DIR}/${ETCD_CA_FILE} \ —endpoints $ETCD_EP” EOF source /etc/profile.d/etcd.sh ``` 验证etcd
etcd_v3 endpoint status —write-out=table

总结

综合以上。基本环境算是安装完了，由于文章是后写的，可能有些地方没有写清楚，想起来了再补呢

centos8 kubeadm1.20.5 cilium hubble环境搭建

前言