SkyWalking —— 分布式应用监控与链路追踪 - 《博客专栏》

简介

简介

SkyWalking 是一个应用性能监控系统，特别为微服务、云原生和基于容器（Docker, Kubernetes, Mesos）体系结构而设计。除了应用指标监控以外，它还能对分布式调用链路进行追踪。类似功能的组件还有：Zipkin、Pinpoint、CAT等。
架构图

上几张图，看看效果，然后再一步一步搭建并使用
SkyWalking —— 分布式应用监控与链路追踪 - 图2

1. 概念与架构
SkyWalking是一个开源监控平台，用于从服务和云原生基础设施收集、分析、聚合和可视化数据。SkyWalking提供了一种简单的方法来维护分布式系统的清晰视图，甚至可以跨云查看。它是一种现代APM，专门为云原生、基于容器的分布式系统设计。
SkyWalking从三个维度对应用进行监视：service（服务）, service instance（实例）, endpoint（端点）
服务和实例就不多说了，端点是服务中的某个路径或者说URI

SkyWalking allows users to understand the topology relationship between Services and Endpoints, to view the metrics of every Service/Service Instance/Endpoint and to set alarm rules.

SkyWalking允许用户了解服务和端点之间的拓扑关系，查看每个服务/服务实例/端点的度量，并设置警报规则。
1.1. 架构
SkyWalking —— 分布式应用监控与链路追踪 - 图6
SkyWalking逻辑上分为四个部分：

Probes（探针）,
Platform backend（平台后端）,
Storage（存储）,
UI

这个结构就很清晰了，探针就是Agent负责采集数据并上报给服务端，服务端对数据进行处理和存储，UI负责展示
SkyWalking —— 分布式应用监控与链路追踪 - 图7
2. 下载与安装
SkyWalking有两中版本，ES版本和非ES版。如果我们决定采用ElasticSearch作为存储，那么就下载es版本。
https://skywalking.apache.org/downloads/
https://archive.apache.org/dist/skywalking/

# 下载
[root@centos7 ~]# cd /data/
[root@centos7 data]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/skywalking/8.4.0/apache-skywalking-apm-8.4.0.tar.gz
[root@centos7 data]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/skywalking/8.4.0/apache-skywalking-apm-es7-8.4.0.tar.gz
[root@centos7 data]# tar xf apache-skywalking-apm-es7-8.4.0.tar.gz 
[root@centos7 data]# ls
apache-skywalking-apm-8.4.0.tar.gz  apache-skywalking-apm-es7-8.4.0.tar.gz
apache-skywalking-apm-bin-es7       wget-log
[root@centos7 data]# cd apache-skywalking-apm-bin-es7/
[root@centos7 apache-skywalking-apm-bin-es7]# ls
agent  config   licenses  oap-libs    tools
bin    LICENSE  NOTICE    README.txt  webapp
[root@centos7 apache-skywalking-apm-bin-es7]# ls bin/
oapService.bat      oapServiceNoInit.bat  startup.bat        webappService.sh
oapServiceInit.bat  oapServiceNoInit.sh   startup.sh
oapServiceInit.sh   oapService.sh         webappService.bat

agent目录将来要拷贝到各服务所在机器上用作探针
bin目录是服务启动脚本
config目录是配置文件
oap-libs目录是oap服务运行所需的jar包
webapp目录是web服务运行所需的jar包
接下来，要选择存储了，支持的存储有：

H2
ElasticSearch 6, 7
MySQL
TiDB
InfluxDB

作为监控系统，首先排除H2和MySQL，这里推荐InfluxDB，它本身就是时序数据库，非常适合这种场景
但是InfluxDB我不是很熟悉，所以这里先用ElasticSearch7
https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/master/docs/en/setup/backend/backend-storage.md
2.1. 安装ElasticSearch
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/targz.html
官网下载地址：https://www.elastic.co/cn/downloads/elasticsearch
华为镜像站下载地址：https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/elasticsearch/

[root@centos7 data]# wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/elasticsearch/7.10.0/elasticsearch-7.10.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@centos7 data]# tar xf elasticsearch-7.10.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz 
[root@centos7 data]# cd elasticsearch-7.10.0
[root@centos7 elasticsearch-7.10.0]# ls
bin     jdk  LICENSE.txt  modules     plugins
config  lib  logs         NOTICE.txt  README.asciidoc
# 启动
[root@centos7 elasticsearch-7.10.0]# ./bin/elasticsearch -d -p pid
# 停止

如果启动过程中会报以下三个错误：

[1]: max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65535] [2]: max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]

[3]: the default discovery settings are unsuitable for production use; at least one of [discovery.seed_hosts, discovery.seed_providers, cluster.initial_master_nodes] must be configured

解决方法：
在 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件中追加以下内容：

cat >>/etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
* soft nproc  4096
* hard nproc  4096
EOF

可通过以下四个命令查看修改结果：

ulimit -Hn
ulimit -Sn
ulimit -Hu
ulimit -Su

修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件，追加以下内容：

vm.max_map_count=262144

修改es配置文件 elasticsearch.yml 取消注释，保留一个节点

[root@centos7 elasticsearch-7.10.0]# vim config/elasticsearch.yml
....
# cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1", "node-2"]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]

为了能够ip:port方式访问，还需修改网络配置


# network.host: 192.168.0.1
network.host: 0.0.0.0
...
#http.port: 9200
http.port: 9200

SkyWalking —— 分布式应用监控与链路追踪 - 图10
至此，ElasticSearch算是启动成功了
一个节点还不够，这里用三个节点搭建一个集群
192.168.100.14 config/elasticsearch.yml
cluster.name: my-monitor
node.name: node-1
network.host: 192.168.100.14
http.port: 9200
discovery.seed_hosts: [“192.168.100.14:9300”, “192.168.100.15:9300”, “192.168.100.19:9300”]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: [“node-1”]
192.168.100.15 config/elasticsearch.yml
cluster.name: my-monitor
node.name: node-2
network.host: 192.168.100.15
http.port: 9200
discovery.seed_hosts: [“192.168.100.14:9300”, “192.168.100.15:9300”, “192.168.100.19:9300”]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: [“node-1”]
192.168.100.19 config/elasticsearch.yml
cluster.name: my-monitor
node.name: node-3
network.host: 192.168.100.19
http.port: 9200
discovery.seed_hosts: [“192.168.100.14:9300”, “192.168.100.15:9300”, “192.168.100.19:9300”]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: [“node-1”]
同时，建议修改三个节点config/jvm.options
-Xms2g
-Xmx2g

依次启动三个节点
pkill -F pid
./bin/elasticsearch -d -p pid
SkyWalking —— 分布式应用监控与链路追踪 - 图11

接下来，修改skywalking下config/application.yml 中配置es地址即可
storage:
selector: ${SW_STORAGE:elasticsearch7}
elasticsearch7:
nameSpace: ${SW_NAMESPACE:””}
clusterNodes: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_CLUSTER_NODES:192.168.100.14:9200,192.168.100.15:9200,192.168.100.19:9200}
2.2. 安装Agent
https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/v8.2.0/docs/en/setup/service-agent/java-agent/README.md
将agent目录拷贝至各服务所在的机器上
scp -r ./agent chengjs@192.168.100.12:~/
这里，我将它拷贝至各个服务目录下
SkyWalking —— 分布式应用监控与链路追踪 - 图14
plugins是探针用到各种插件，SkyWalking插件都是即插即用的，可以把optional-plugins中的插件放到plugins中
修改 agent/config/agent.config 配置文件，也可以通过命令行参数指定
主要是配置服务名称和后端服务地址
agent.service_name=${SW_AGENT_NAME:user-center}
collector.backend_service=${SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES:192.168.100.17:11800}
当然，也可以通过环境变量或系统属性的方式来设置，例如：
export SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES=127.0.0.1:11800
最后，在服务启动的时候用命令行参数 -javaagent 来指定探针
java -javaagent:/path/to/skywalking-agent/skywalking-agent.jar -jar yourApp.jar
例如：
java -javaagent:./agent/skywalking-agent.jar -Dspring.profiles.active=dev -Xms512m -Xmx1024m -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
3. 启动服务
修改 webapp/webapp.yml 文件，更改端口号及后端服务地址
SkyWalking —— 分布式应用监控与链路追踪 - 图15
server:
port: 9000

collector:
path: /graphql
ribbon:
ReadTimeout: 10000
# Point to all backend’s restHost:restPort, split by ,
listOfServers: 127.0.0.1:12800

启动服务
bin/startup.sh
或者分别依次启动
bin/oapService.sh
bin/webappService.sh
查看logs目录下的日志文件，看是否启动成功
浏览器访问 http://127.0.0.1:9000
4. 告警
SkyWalking —— 分布式应用监控与链路追踪 - 图16
编辑 alarm-settings.yml 设置告警规则和通知
https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/v8.2.0/docs/en/setup/backend/backend-alarm.md
重点说下告警通知

为了使用钉钉机器人通知，接下来，新建一个项目

<?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UTF-8”?>
xsi:schemaLocation=”http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd”>
4.0.0

org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-parent
2.4.0

com.wt.monitor
skywalking-alarm
1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
skywalking-alarm

<properties><br />        <java.version>1.8</java.version><br />    </properties>
<dependencies><br />        <dependency><br />            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><br />            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId><br />        </dependency>
    <dependency><br />            <groupId>com.aliyun</groupId><br />            <artifactId>alibaba-dingtalk-service-sdk</artifactId><br />            <version>1.0.1</version><br />        </dependency>
    <dependency><br />            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId><br />            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId><br />            <version>1.15</version><br />        </dependency>
    <dependency><br />            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><br />            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><br />            <version>1.2.75</version><br />        </dependency>
    <dependency><br />            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><br />            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId><br />            <optional>true</optional><br />        </dependency><br />    </dependencies>
<build><br />        <plugins><br />            <plugin><br />                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><br />                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><br />            </plugin><br />        </plugins><br />    </build>

SkyWalking —— 分布式应用监控与链路追踪 - 图20
可选依赖（不建议引入）
org.apache.skywalking
server-core
8.2.0

定义告警消息实体类

package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.domain;

import lombok.Data;

import java.io.Serializable;

/*
@author ChengJianSheng
@date 2020/12/1
/
@Data
public class AlarmMessageDTO implements Serializable {

private int scopeId;
private String scope;
/**<br />     * Target scope entity name<br />     */<br />    private String name;
private String id0;
private String id1;
private String ruleName;
/**<br />     * Alarm text message<br />     */<br />    private String alarmMessage;
/**<br />     * Alarm time measured in milliseconds<br />     */<br />    private long startTime;

}
SkyWalking —— 分布式应用监控与链路追踪 - 图22
发送钉钉机器人消息

package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.service;

import com.dingtalk.api.DefaultDingTalkClient;
import com.dingtalk.api.DingTalkClient;
import com.dingtalk.api.request.OapiRobotSendRequest;
import com.taobao.api.ApiException;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.crypto.Mac;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

/*
https://ding-doc.dingtalk.com/doc#/serverapi2/qf2nxq
@author ChengJianSheng
@data 2020/12/1
*/
@Slf4j
@Service
public class DingTalkAlarmService {

@Value("${dingtalk.webhook}")<br />    private String webhook;<br />    @Value("${dingtalk.secret}")<br />    private String secret;
public void sendMessage(String content) {<br />        try {<br />            Long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();<br />            String stringToSign = timestamp + "\n" + secret;<br />            Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA256");<br />            mac.init(new SecretKeySpec(secret.getBytes("UTF-8"), "HmacSHA256"));<br />            byte[] signData = mac.doFinal(stringToSign.getBytes("UTF-8"));<br />            String sign = URLEncoder.encode(new String(Base64.encodeBase64(signData)),"UTF-8");
        String serverUrl = webhook + "&timestamp=" + timestamp + "&sign=" + sign;<br />            DingTalkClient client = new DefaultDingTalkClient(serverUrl);<br />            OapiRobotSendRequest request = new OapiRobotSendRequest();<br />            request.setMsgtype("text");<br />            OapiRobotSendRequest.Text text = new OapiRobotSendRequest.Text();<br />            text.setContent(content);<br />            request.setText(text);
        client.execute(request);<br />        } catch (ApiException e) {<br />            e.printStackTrace();<br />            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);<br />        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {<br />            e.printStackTrace();<br />            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);<br />        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {<br />            e.printStackTrace();<br />            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);<br />        } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {<br />            e.printStackTrace();<br />            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);<br />        }<br />    }<br />}<br />![](https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2021/gif/1214926/1614517690284-b2dad7dd-4817-4887-bee7-c690e2fce6be.gif#height=20&id=S1BYx&originHeight=20&originWidth=20&originalType=binary&size=0&status=done&style=none&width=20)<br />AlarmController.java<br />![](https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2021/gif/1214926/1614517690346-807c2843-1e17-46f2-9a54-8542f16818fb.gif#height=20&id=bqzsp&originHeight=20&originWidth=20&originalType=binary&size=0&status=done&style=none&width=20)<br />package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.controller;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.domain.AlarmMessageDTO;
import com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.service.DingTalkAlarmService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.List;

/*
@author ChengJianSheng
@date 2020/12/1
/
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping(“/skywalking”)
public class AlarmController {

@Autowired<br />    private DingTalkAlarmService dingTalkAlarmService;
@PostMapping("/alarm")<br />    public void alarm(@RequestBody List<AlarmMessageDTO> alarmMessageDTOList) {<br />       log.info("收到告警信息: {}", JSON.toJSONString(alarmMessageDTOList));<br />       if (null != alarmMessageDTOList) {<br />           alarmMessageDTOList.forEach(e->dingTalkAlarmService.sendMessage(MessageFormat.format("-----来自SkyWalking的告警-----\n【名称】: {0}\n【消息】: {1}\n", e.getName(), e.getAlarmMessage())));<br />       }<br />    }<br />}<br />![](https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2021/gif/1214926/1614517690269-0bf31fe7-b391-4a14-bc0a-d65d3702501f.gif#height=20&id=ukQQk&originHeight=20&originWidth=20&originalType=binary&size=0&status=done&style=none&width=20)<br />![](https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2021/png/1214926/1614517690233-c256b858-64da-413f-8822-0c6ed397d7c6.png#height=363&id=NCi1a&originHeight=363&originWidth=740&originalType=binary&size=0&status=done&style=none&width=740)<br />5.  文档<br />[https://skywalking.apache.org/](https://skywalking.apache.org/)<br />[https://skywalking.apache.org/zh/](https://skywalking.apache.org/zh/) <br />[https://github.com/apache/skywalking/tree/v8.2.0/docs](https://github.com/apache/skywalking/tree/v8.2.0/docs)<br />[https://archive.apache.org/dist/](https://archive.apache.org/dist/)<br />[https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/master/index.html](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/master/index.html)<br />[https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/modules-discovery-bootstrap-cluster.html](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/modules-discovery-bootstrap-cluster.html)<br />[https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/modules-discovery-hosts-providers.html](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/modules-discovery-hosts-providers.html)